Carbostyril compound

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a carbostyril compound represented by General Formula (1) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a salt thereof, wherein A is a direct bond, a lower alkylene group, or a lower alkylidene group; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R 4  and R 5  each represent a hydrogen atom; the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton is a single bond or a double bond; R 1  is a hydrogen atom, etc; R 2  is a hydrogen atom, etc; and R 3  is a hydrogen atom, etc. The carbostyril compound or salt thereof of the present invention induces the production of TFF, and thus is usable for the treatment and/or prevention of disorders such as alimentary tract diseases, oral diseases, upper respiratory tract diseases, respiratory tract diseases, eye diseases, cancers, and wounds.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a carbostyril compound.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The trefoil factor family (TFF) is a group of highly stable peptides,having a three-leaved clover-like structure formed from six cysteineresidues. Three TFF peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) have been identifiedso far in humans. TFFs are present in mucus-related tissues such as thealimentary tract, and are secreted mainly by mucus-secreting cells. Theexpression of TTF peptides is up-regulated in the vicinity of damagedmucosa and in regenerating glands. It is reported that the mainfunctions of TFF peptides lie in the augmentation of cell migrationprocesses (motogenic effects), protection of cells, and suppression ofapoptosis [Nature Reviews, Molecular Cell Biology, Vol. 4:721-732(2003)].

TFF2 is a peptide of 106 amino acid residues, initially isolated fromporcine pancreas. The TFF2 peptide is abundant in the gastric mucousneck cells, the pyloric region of the stomach, the mucosa surroundingulcers, the regenerative mucosa, the overlying mucus layer, Brunner'sglands, and so forth.

It has been confirmed with experiments using rats that TFF2 prevents thedevelopment of colitis and gastric ulceration and also accelerates thehealing thereof [Gastroenterology 108: 108-116(1995); Gastroenterology110: 489-497(1996); Alim. Pharmacol. Ther., 14: 1033-1040(2000); Gut,45: 516-522(1999); Gut, 44: 636-642, 1999; and J. Leukoc. Biol., Vol.75: 214-223(2004)].

Other experiments show that indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers areexacerbated in TFF2 knockout mice [J. Clin. Invest., Vol. 109:193-204(2002)].

Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 32: 519-527(2002) discloses the ability of TFF2to stabilize mucus.

Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Vol. 29: 458-464(2003) teaches that TFF2might be involved in regulating the proliferation of damaged airwayepithelia.

It can be understood from the above that TFF2 plays key roles inprotection against and repair of mucosal injury. With regard to diseaseswhich are likely to be cured with TFF2, improved therapeutic effects areexpected by a promotion of endogenous TFF2 production.

Gastroenterology, 126: 796-808(2004) discloses that TFF3 is effectivefor curing alimentary tract mucositis such as stomatitis induced by theadministration of carcinostatics. Science, Vol. 274: 259-262(1996) andGastroenterology, 119: 691-698(2000) conclude, from the fact thatstomach cancer was developed in TFF1 knockout mice, that the TFF1 genemay function as a tumor suppressor gene. Nature Reviews, Molecular CellBiology, Vol. 4: 721-732(2003) and Int. J. Mol. Med., 12: 3-9(2003)suggest that TFF2 may act in a similar way as TFF1 and TFF3.

As compounds for up-regulating TFF2 expression, ligands for peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (e.g., indomethacin, aspirin,prostaglandin J₂ and troglitazone) are known [FEBS Lett., 488:206-210(2001); Alim. Pharmacol. Ther., 18 (suppl. 1): 119-125(2003);FEBS Lett., 558: 33-38(2004); and Can. Res., 61: 2424-2428(2001)].

Among various proteins, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is reported toenhance TFF2 and TFF3 expressions in rat lower gastrointestinal tracts[Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 284: R564-R573(2003)].

Some studies teach pharmacological actions of the TFF peptidesthemselves, and suggest the possibility of their application in clinicalmedicine (WO92/14837, WO02/102403, and WO02/46226).

WO01/002377 and WO02/051419 disclose various compounds having asubstituent containing a 2,4-dioxo-thazolidinyl or4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidinyl moiety on a heteroaryl skeleton such as aquinoline. These documents also disclose that such compounds exhibittelomerase inhibitory activity.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compoundcapable of up-regulating TFF; and to provide a pharmaceuticalcomposition for preventing and/or treating alimentary tract diseases,oral diseases, upper respiratory tract diseases, respiratory tractdiseases, eye diseases, cancers, and/or wounds, by up-regulating TFF.

The present inventors carried out extensive research to develop a novelcompound capable of up-regulating endogenous TFF, and as a result, theyfound that carbostyril compounds of the following formula (1) canup-regulate endogenous TFF, particularly TFF2. The present invention hasbeen accomplished based on these findings.

The present invention provides a carbostyril compound, an agentcomprising said compound, a use of said compound, a method for treatinga disorder, and a process for producing said compound, as described inItems 1 to 35 below.

Item 1. A carbostyril compound represented by General Formula (1)

or a salt thereof,

wherein A is a direct bond, a lower alkylene group, or a loweralkylidene group;

X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton is asingle bond or a double bond;

R⁴ and R⁵ each represent a hydrogen atom, with the proviso that when thebond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton is adouble bond, R⁴ and R⁵ instead may be linked together in the form of a—CH═CH—CH═CH— group;

R¹ is one of the following (1-1) to (1-29):

-   (1-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (1-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (1-3) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of a phenyl group, lower alkyl groups, lower alkoxy    groups, halogen atoms, —(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups, a nitro group, a    carboxy group, lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, a cyano group, phenyl    lower alkoxy groups, a phenoxy group, a piperidinyl lower    alkoxycarbonyl groups, amino lower alkoxycarbonyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more cycloalkyl groups,    2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the    2-imidazoline ring with one or more lower alkylthio groups,    3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the    3-pyrroline ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,    thiazolidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the    thiazolidine ring with a phenyl group,    3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl groups, piperidinyl lower alkyl    groups, anilino lower aklyl groups optionally substituted on the    amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups, phenylthio lower    alkyl groups, indolinyl lower alkyl groups, and piperidinylcarbonyl    groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or    more lower alkyl groups,-   (1-4) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group,-   (1-5) a phenoxy lower alkyl group,-   (1-6) a naphthyl lower alkyl group,-   (1-7) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,-   (1-8) a carboxy lower alkyl group,-   (1-9) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group,-   (1-10) a pyridyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    pyridine ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms; piperidinyl groups; a morpholino group;    piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperazine ring    with one or more members selected from the group consisting of a    phenyl group and lower alkyl group; thienyl groups; a phenyl group;    pyridyl groups; piperidinyl lower alkyl groups; phenylthio lower    alkyl groups; biphenyl groups; lower alkyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms; pyridylamino groups;    pyridylcarbonylamino groups; lower alkoxy groups; anilino lower    alkyl groups optionally substituted on the amino group with one or    more lower alkyl groups; and anilino groups optionally substituted    on the amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (1-11) a cyano lower alkyl group,-   (1-12) an -A₁-CONR⁸R⁹ group,-   (1-13) a group of the following formula

-   (1-14) a phenyl group,-   (1-15) a quinolyl lower alkyl group,-   (1-16) a lower alkoxy lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl group,-   (1-17) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group,-   (1-18) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    thiazole ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms, a phenyl group, thienyl groups, and    pyridyl groups,-   (1-19) a lower alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more    halogen atoms,-   (1-20) a lower alkylsilyloxy lower alkyl group,-   (1-21) a phenoxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups; halogen atoms; lower    alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; a nitro group; and a phenyl    group,-   (1-22) a phenylthio lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (1-23) a piperidinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on    the piperidine ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of phenyl lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group,-   (1-24) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    piperazine ring with one or more phenyl groups,-   (1-25) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl lower alkyl group,-   (1-26) a naphthyloxy lower alkyl group,-   (1-27) a benzothiazolyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted    on the benzothiazole ring with one or more alkyl groups,-   (1-28) a lower alkyl group substituted with one or more members    selected from the group consisting of quinolyloxy groups and    isoquinolyloxy groups,-   (1-29) a pyridyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    pyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups;

R² is one of the following (2-1) to (2-33):

-   (2-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (2-2) a lower alkoxy group,-   (2-3) a lower alkyl group,-   (2-4) a carboxy lower alkoxy group,-   (2-5) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkoxy group,-   (2-6) a hydroxy group,-   (2-7) a phenyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups    optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy    groups; a nitro group; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; lower    alkoxycarbonyl groups; phenyl lower alkenyl groups; lower    alkanoyloxy groups; and 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl groups,-   (2-8) a piperidinyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the    piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (2-9) an amino-substituted lower alkoxy group optionally substituted    with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (2-10) a lower alkenyloxy group,-   (2-11) a pyridyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the    pyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl    substituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen    atoms,-   (2-12) a lower alkynyloxy group,-   (2-13) a phenyl lower alkynyloxy group,-   (2-14) a phenyl lower alkenyloxy group,-   (2-15) a furyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the    furan ring with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (2-16) a tetrazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the    tetrazole ring with one member selected from the group consisting of    a phenyl group, phenyl lower alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl lower    alkyl groups,-   (2-17) a 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted    on the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more lower alkyl groups,-   (2-18) an isoxazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on    the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (2-19) a 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted    on the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more lower alkyl groups,-   (2-20) a lower alkanoyl lower alkoxy group,-   (2-21) a thiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the    thiazole ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more halogen atoms,-   (2-22) a piperidinyloxy group optionally substituted on the    piperidine ring with one or more benzoyl groups, each benzoyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more halogen atoms,-   (2-23) a thienyl lower alkoxy group,-   (2-24) a phenylthio lower alkoxy group,-   (2-25) a carbamoyl-substituted lower alkoxy group optionally    substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (2-26) a benzoyl lower alkoxy group,-   (2-27) a pyridylcarbonyl lower alkoxy group,-   (2-28) an imidazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on    the imidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups,-   (2-29) a phenoxy lower alkoxy group,-   (2-30) a phenyl lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxy group,-   (2-31) a 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyloxy group,-   (2-32) an isoindolinyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on    the isoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups,-   (2-33) a phenyl group;

R³ is one of the following (3-1) to (3-19):

-   (3-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (3-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (3-3) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group,-   (3-4) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group,-   (3-5) a carboxy lower alkyl group,-   (3-6) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group,-   (3-7) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups    optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a phenyl    group; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; a phenoxy group; lower alkylthio    groups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; and    amino groups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkanoyl    groups,-   (3-8) a naphthyl lower alkyl group,-   (3-9) a furyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the furan    ring with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (3-10) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    thiazole ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more optionally halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups,-   (3-11) a tetrazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    tetrazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (3-12) a benzothienyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on    the benzothiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (3-13) a lower alkynyl group,-   (3-14) a lower alkenyl group,-   (3-15) a phenyl lower alkenyl group,-   (3-16) a benzoimidazolyl lower alkyl group,-   (3-17) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,-   (3-18) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    imidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups,-   (3-19) a quinolyl lower alkyl group;

B is a carbonyl group or an —NHCO— group;

l is 0 or 1;

R⁶ and R⁷ each independently represent one of the following (4-1) to(4-79):

-   (4-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (4-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (4-3) a lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-4) a lower alkylsulfonyl group optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms,-   (4-5) an alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms,-   (4-6) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group,-   (4-7) a pyridylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine    ring with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    pyrrolyl groups and halogen atoms,-   (4-8) a pyridyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ring    with one or more members selected from the group consisting of lower    alkyl groups and lower alkoxy groups,-   (4-9) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,-   (4-10) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen    atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more    halogen atoms; a phenoxy group; lower alkoxy groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups;    lower alkylsulfonyl groups; amino groups optionally substituted with    one or more members selected from the group consisting of lower    alkyl groups and lower alkanoyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups    optionally substituted on the pyrrolidine ring with one or more-oxo    groups; piperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine    ring with one or more lower alkyl groups; lower alkenyl groups; an    aminosulfonyl group; a hydroxy group; carbamoyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy    groups; and a cyano group,-   (4-11) a cycloalkyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkyl    ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-12) a benzoyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    halogen atoms; a phenoxy group; a phenyl group; lower alkyl groups    optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy    groups; lower alkanoyl groups; a nitro group; a cyano group; amino    groups optionally substituted with one or more members selected from    the group consisting of a phenyl group and lower alkyl groups;    pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on the pyrrolidine ring    with one or more oxo groups; pyrrolyl groups; pyrazolyl groups;    1,2,4-triazolyl groups; and imidazolyl groups,-   (4-13) a benzoyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one or    more lower alkylenedioxy groups,-   (4-14) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group,-   (4-15) a furylcarbonyl group,-   (4-16) a naphthylcarbonyl group,-   (4-17) a phenoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl    ring with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    lower alkoxy groups, lower alkyl groups, halogen atoms, and a nitro    group,-   (4-18) a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on    the phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms and a nitro group,-   (4-19) a piperidinyl group optionally substituted on the piperidine    ring with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; benzoyl groups optionally    substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms; and    phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or    more halogen atoms,-   (4-20) a tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl group,-   (4-21) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group,-   (4-22) a lower alkenyl group,-   (4-23) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    alkyl group with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; and    optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members    selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl    groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower    alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,    and a hydroxy group,-   (4-24) a lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl lower alkyl group,-   (4-25) a furyl lower alkyl group,-   (4-26) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted with one    or more members selected from lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group,    each phenyl substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl    ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-27) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,-   (4-28) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    lower alkyl group with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of a carbamoyl group and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (4-29) an amino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally substituted    with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-30) a 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl group optionally substituted on the    2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran ring with one or more oxo groups,-   (4-31) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group,-   (4-32) a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on    the pyrrolidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-33) a phenoxy lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-34) a morpholino lower alkyl group,-   (4-35) a indolyl group,-   (4-36) a thiazolyl group,-   (4-37) a 1,2,4-triazolyl group,-   (4-38) a pyridyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-39) a thienylcarbonyl group,-   (4-40) a thienyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-41) a cycloalkyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-42) an isoxazolylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-43) a pyrazylcarbonyl group,-   (4-44) a piperidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    piperidine ring with one or more members selected from a benzoyl    group and lower alkanoyl groups,-   (4-45) a chromanylcarbonyl group,-   (4-46) an isoindolinyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted    on the isoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups,-   (4-47) a thiazolidinyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted    on the thiazolidine ring with one or more members selected from an    oxo group and a thioxo group,-   (4-48) a piperidinyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-49) a phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group optionally substituted    on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (4-50) a phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more alkylenedioxy groups,-   (4-51) a pyridyl lower alkenyl carbonyl group,-   (4-52) a pyridylthio lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-53) an indolylcarbonyl group,-   (4-54) a pyrrolylcarbonyl group,-   (4-55) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    pyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups,-   (4-56) a benzofurylcarbonyl group,-   (4-57) an indolyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (4-58) a benzothienylcarbonyl group,-   (4-59) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (4-60) a phenylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl    ring with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; a cyano group; a nitro group; amino    groups optionally substituted with one or more alkanoyl groups; a    hydroxy group; a carboxyl group; lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl    groups; halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted    with one or more halogen atoms; and lower alkoxy groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms,-   (4-61) a thienylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the    thiophene ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (4-62) a quinolylsulfonyl group,-   (4-63) an imidazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the    imidazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-64) a phenylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl    ring with one or more lower alkylenedioxy groups,-   (4-65) a lower alkenylsulfonyl group,-   (4-66) a cycloalkyl lower alkylsulfonyl group,-   (4-67) a 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonyl group optionally    substituted on the 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine ring with one or    more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-68) a pyrazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the    pyrazole ring with one or more members selected from halogen atoms    and lower alkyl groups,-   (4-69) an isoxazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the    isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-70) a thiazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the    thiazole ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups and an amino group, each amino    substituent optionally being substituted with one or more alkanoyl    groups,-   (4-71) a phenyl lower alkylsulfonyl group,-   (4-72) a phenyl lower alkenylsulfonyl group,-   (4-73) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group,-   (4-74) a lower alkynyloxycarbonyl group,-   (4-75) a lower alkenyloxycarbonyl group,-   (4-76) a phenyl lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl group,-   (4-77) a cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    cycloalkyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (4-78) a tetrazolyl group,-   (4-79) an isoxazolyl group optionally substituted on the isoxazole    ring with one or more lower alkyl groups; or instead,

R⁶ and R⁷ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogenatom to which they are bound, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, anisoindolinyl group, or a 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group,the heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additionalheteroatoms and optionally being substituted with one to three membersfrom the following (5-1) to (5-28):

-   (5-1) lower alkyl groups,-   (5-2) lower alkoxy groups,-   (5-3) an oxo group,-   (5-4) a hydroxy group,-   (5-5) pyridyl lower alkyl groups,-   (5-6) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen    atoms; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more    halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms; a cyano group; and a hydroxy group,-   (5-7) lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl lower alkyl groups,-   (5-8) phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl    ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (5-9) pyrimidyl groups,-   (5-10) pyrazyl groups,-   (5-11) cycloalkyl groups,-   (5-12) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (5-13) benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more halogen atoms,-   (5-14) benzoyl groups substituted on the phenyl ring with one or    more lower alkylenedioxy groups,-   (5-15) carbamoyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one    or more members selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group    and lower alkyl groups,-   (5-16) benzoxazolyl groups,-   (5-17) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (5-18) a carbamoyl group,-   (5-19) phenyl lower alkylidene groups optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (5-20) phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (5-21) pyridyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ring    with one or more members selected from the group consisting of a    cyano group and lower alkyl groups,-   (5-22) furyl lower alkyl groups,-   (5-23) tetrahydropyranyl groups,-   (5-24) imidazolyl lower alkyl groups,-   (5-25) naphthyl groups,-   (5-26) 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl groups,-   (5-27) 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl groups,-   (5-28) -(A₃)_(m)NR¹¹R¹² groups;

A₁ is a lower alkylene group;

R⁸ and R⁹ each independently represent one of the following (6-1) to(6-25):

-   (6-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (6-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (6-3) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more members selected from the group consisting of lower    alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;    lower alkylthio groups; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted    with one or more halogen atoms; halogen atoms; a phenyl group; lower    alkylamino groups; a cyano group; a phenoxy group; cycloalkyl    groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted with one or more    oxo groups; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl groups;    1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted    with one or more lower alkyl groups;    1,2,3,4-tetrahydroguinoxalinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted    with one or more lower alkyl groups; thiazolyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more phenyl groups; a carbamoyl group;    phenyl lower alkoxy groups; lower alkylsulfonylamino groups; anilino    groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; phenyl    lower alkyl groups; and hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl groups,-   (6-4) a cycloalkyl group,-   (6-5) a cycloakyl lower alkyl group,-   (6-6) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group,-   (6-7) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with    one or more halogen atoms; halogen atoms; and a phenyl group,-   (6-8) lower alkyl-substituted amino lower alkyl group,-   (6-9) a naphthyl group,-   (6-10) a naphthyl lower alkyl group,-   (6-11) a tetrahydronaphthyl lower alkyl group,-   (6-12) a fluorenyl group,-   (6-13) a pyridyl group,-   (6-14) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,-   (6-15) a pyrimidinyl group,-   (6-16) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    pyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (6-17) a thiazolyl group,-   (6-18) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    pyrazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (6-19) a thienyl lower alkyl group-   (6-20) a piperidinyl group optionally substituted on the piperidine    ring with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    lower alkyl groups; a benzoyl group; and phenyl lower alkyl groups    optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members    selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl    groups,-   (6-21) an indolyl group,-   (6-22) an indazolyl group,-   (6-23) a 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril optionally substituted with one or    more lower alkyl groups,-   (6-24) a quinolyl group optionally substituted with one or more    lower alkyl groups,-   (6-25) a carbazolyl group optionally substituted with one or more    lower alkyl groups; or

R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogenatom to which they are bound, a 5- to 8-membered saturated heterocyclicgroup optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms andoptionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of the following (6-28-1) to(6-28-24):

-   (6-28-1) lower alkyl groups,-   (6-28-2) phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from halogen atoms and    lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen    atoms,-   (6-28-3) naphthyl lower alkyl groups,-   (6-28-4) phenyl lower alkylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups,-   (6-28-5) phenylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups,-   (6-28-6) phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,-   (6-28-7) phenoxy lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-8) biphenyl groups,-   (6-28-9) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-10) 2,3-dihydroindenyl groups optionally substituted with one    or more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-11) benzothiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-12) pyridyl groups optionally substituted with one or more    halogen atoms,-   (6-28-13) benzothienyl groups,-   (6-28-14) benzoisothiazolyl groups,-   (6-28-15) thienopyridyl groups,-   (6-28-16) a carbamoyl group,-   (6-28-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-18) phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more    halogen atoms,-   (6-28-19) benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more members selected from halogen atoms and lower    alkoxy groups,-   (6-28-20) anilino groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent    optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-21) anilino groups substituted on the amino group with one or    more lower alkyl groups, and optionally further substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (6-28-22) benzofuryl groups,-   (6-28-23) naphthyl groups,-   (6-28-24) an oxo group; or

R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogenatom to which they are bound, a 5- or 6-membered unsaturatedheterocyclic group, the unsaturated heterocyclic group optionally beingsubstituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of the following (6-29-1) to (6-29-3):

-   (6-29-1) phenyl groups optionally substituted with one or more    halogen atoms,-   (6-29-2) 2,3-dihydroindenyl groups,-   (6-29-3) benzothienyl groups; or instead,    R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogen    atom to which they are bound, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl group; a    1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, a 1,3-dihydroisoindolyl group;    an octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinyl group optionally substituted on    the pyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups; or an    8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group optionally substituted on the    8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group with one or more phenoxy groups, each    phenoxy substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more halogen atoms;

A₂ is a lower alkylene group;

R¹⁰ is one of the following (7-1) to (7-44):

-   (7-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (7-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (7-3) an alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms,-   (7-4) a benzoyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more members selected from the group consisting of lower    alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;    a phenyl group; halogen atoms; a cyano group; a phenoxy group; lower    alkoxycarbonyl groups; pyrazolyl groups; and lower alkoxy groups    optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,-   (7-5) an alkanoyl group,-   (7-6) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups,-   (7-7) a cycloalkyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (7-8) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (7-9) a phenoxy lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (7-10) a phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group,-   (7-11) a pyridylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    pyridine ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl    substituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen    atoms,-   (7-12) a furylcarbonyl group,-   (7-13) a thienylcarbonyl group,-   (7-14) a piperidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    piperidine ring with one or more lower alkanoyl groups,-   (7-15) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    pyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups,-   (7-16) a tetrahydropyranylcarbonyl group,-   (7-17) a naphthylcarbonyl group,-   (7-18) an indolylcarbonyl group,-   (7-19) a benzofurylcarbonyl group,-   (7-20) a benzothienylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the    benzothiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (7-21) a furyl lower alkyl group,-   (7-22) a pyridyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    pyridine ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl    substituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen    atoms,-   (7-23) a thienyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    thiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (7-24) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or    more halogen atoms; a cyano group; lower alkyl groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms; amino groups optionally    substituted with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups and lower alkanoyl groups; halogen    atoms; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; lower alkanoyloxy groups; lower    alkylsulfonyl groups; lower alkylthio groups; and pyrrolidinyl    groups,-   (7-25) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group,-   (7-26) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    imidazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (7-27) a pyrrolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    pyrrole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (7-28) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group,-   (7-29) a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,-   (7-30) a phenoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl    ring with one or more members selected from the group consisting of    halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups, and lower alkoxy groups,-   (7-31) a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on    the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,-   (7-32) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group,-   (7-33) a lower alkynyloxycarbonyl group,-   (7-34) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group,-   (7-35) a quinoxalinylcarbonyl group,-   (7-36) a —CO—NR¹³R¹⁴ group,-   (7-37) a piperidinyl group optionally substituted on the piperidine    ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,-   (7-38) a cycloalkyl group,-   (7-39) a tetrahydropyranyl group,-   (7-40) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,-   (7-41) a tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranyl group,-   (7-42) a naphthyl group,-   (7-43) a biphenyl group,-   (7-44) a lower alkylsilyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group;

A³ is a lower alkylene group;

m is 0 or 1;

R¹¹ and R¹² each independently represent one of the following (8-1) to(8-5):

-   (8-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (8-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (8-3) a lower alkanoyl group,-   (8-4) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group,-   (8-5) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with    one or more halogen atoms; or instead,

R¹¹ and R¹² may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogenatom to which they are bound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclicgroup which optionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms, theheterocyclic group optionally being substituted with one to threemembers selected from the group consisting of the following (9-1) and(9-2):

-   (9-1) lower alkyl groups,-   (9-2) a phenyl group; and

R¹³ and R¹⁴ each independently represent one of the following (10-1) to(10-3):

-   (10-1) a hydrogen atom,-   (10-2) a lower alkyl group,-   (10-3) a phenyl group, or instead

R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogenatom to which they are bound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclicgroup which optionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms.

Item 2. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 1,wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyrilskeleton is a single bond or a double bond, and R⁴ and R⁵ each representa hydrogen atom.

Item 3. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 2,wherein a group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 3,4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 position of the carbostyril skeleton.

Item 4. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 3,wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyrilskeleton is a single bond, and the group of the formula,

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 5or 6 position of the carbostyril skeleton.

Item 5. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 3 or4, wherein A is a lower alkylene group or a lower alkylidene group.

Item 6. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 5,wherein R¹ is one of (1-2), (1-3), (1-4), (1-6), (1-10), (1-12), (1-13),(1-18) and (1-21) as defined in Item 1 above.

Item 7. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 6,wherein the group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 5position of the carbostyril skeleton.

Item 8. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 7,wherein R¹ is a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl ring, halogen atoms, —(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups wherein B, l, R⁶and R⁷ are as defined in Item 1, lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, and phenyllower alkoxy groups.

Item 9. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 8,wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R² is a hydrogen atom or a loweralkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom, and X is an oxygen atom or a sulfuratom.

Item 10. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 7,wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R¹ is a lower alkyl group, R² is ahydrogen atom or a lower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom, and X isan oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

Item 11. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 7,wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R¹ is a naphthyl lower alkyl group,R² is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom,and X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

Item 12. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 7,wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R¹ is a group of the formula

in which R¹⁰ and A₂ are as defined in Item 1 above, R² is a hydrogenatom or a lower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom, and X is an oxygenatom or a sulfur atom.

Item 13. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 3,wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyrilskeleton is a double bond, and a group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 3,4 or 5 position of the carbostyril skeleton.

Item 14. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 13,wherein R¹ is one of (1-2) and (1-3) as defined in Item 1.

Item 15. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 14,wherein A is a lower alkylene group or a lower alkylidene group, and R²is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxy group.

Item 16. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 1,wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyrilskeleton is a double bond, and R⁴ and R⁵ are linked together in the formof a —CH═CH—CH═CH— group.

Item 17. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 16,wherein a group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 7position of the carbostyril skeleton.

Item 18. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 17,wherein R¹ is one of (1-2) and (1-3) as defined in Item 1 above.

Item 19. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 18,wherein A is a lower alkylene group or a lower alkylidene group, R² andR³ are both hydrogen atoms, and X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

Item 20. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 1,wherein A is a direct bond.

Item 21. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 1,wherein A is a lower alkylene group.

Item 22. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to Item 1,wherein A is a lower alkylidene group.

Item 23. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to any oneof Items 20 to 22, wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a single bond or a double bond, and R⁴ and R⁵each represent a hydrogen atom.

Item 24. A carbostyril compound or a salt thereof according to any oneof Items 20 to 22, wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a double bond, and R⁴ and R⁵ are linked togetherin the form of a —CH═CH—CH═CH— group.

Item 25. A carbostyril compound selected from the group consisting ofthe following compounds:

-   5-[1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(4-bromobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(2-naphthylmethyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-{1-[4-(heptyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl]-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(1-biphenyl-4-ylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-{1-[1-(4-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-{1-[4-(2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl]-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   8-methoxy-1-methyl-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   8-methoxy-1-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   1-propyl-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   1-isobutyl-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   8-methoxy-1-phenethyl-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,    and-   1-(4-phenylthiomethyl)benzyl-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one;    or a salt thereof.

Item 26. A pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredienta carbostyril compound or salt thereof according to Item 1.

Item 27. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for a disorder on whichTFF up-regulation has a prophylactic and/or therapeutic effect,comprising as an active ingredient a carbostyril compound or saltthereof according to Item 1.

Item 28. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to claim 27,wherein the disorder on which TFF up-regulation has a prophylacticand/or therapeutic effect is an alimentary tract disease, oral disease,upper respiratory tract disease, respiratory tract disease, eye disease,cancer, or wound.

Item 29. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to claim 27,wherein the disorder on which TFF up-regulation has a prophylacticand/or therapeutic effect is a drug-induced ulcer, peptic gastric ulcer,ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, drug-induced enteritis, ischemiccolitis, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcer developed after endoscopicdemucosation, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, reflux esophagitis,esophageal ulcer, Barrett esophagus, gastrointestinal mucositis,hemorrhoidal diseases, stomatitis, Sjögren syndrome, xerostomia,rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive lungdisease, dry eye, or keratoconjunctivitis.

Item 30. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to Item 27,wherein the TFF is TFF2.

Item 31. A use of a carbostyril compound or salt thereof according toItem 1 for manufacturing a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for adisorder on which TFF up-regulation has a prophylactic and/ortherapeutic effect.

Item 32. A method for preventing and/or treating a disorder on which TFFup-regulation has a prophylactic and/or therapeutic effect, comprisingadministering to a patient an effective amount of a carbostyril compoundor salt thereof according to Item 1.

Item 33. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for alimentary tractdiseases, oral diseases, upper respiratory tract diseases, respiratorytract diseases, eye diseases, cancers, or wounds, the agent comprising acompound that induces the production of TFF.

Item 34. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to Item 33,wherein the TFF is TFF2.

Item 35. A process for the production of a carbostyril compound (1) ofthe following formula:

or a salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, A, X, and the bondbetween the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as definedin Item 1,

which comprises

(i) reacting a compound (2) of the formula:

or a salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, and the bond between the 3and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, andR¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, and A₄ represents a directbond or lower alkylene group,

with a compound (3) of the formula:

or a salt thereof, wherein R³ and X are as defined above, to give acompound (1a) of the formula:

or a salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹⁵, A₄ and the bondbetween the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as definedabove, and

(ii) reducing the compound (1a) defined above or a salt thereof, to givea compound (1b) of the formula:

or a salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹⁵, A₄ and the bondbetween the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as definedabove.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a single bond and a double bond, and R⁴ and R⁵each represent a hydrogen atom are preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein a group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 3,4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 position of the carbostyril skeleton are preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a single bond, and the group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 5or 6 position of the carbostyril skeleton are preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein A is a lower alkylene group or a lower alkylidenegroup are preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein R¹ is one of (1-2), (1-3), (1-4), (1-6), (1-10),(1-12), (1-13), (1-18) and (1-21) as defined in Item 1 above arepreferable.

Among these preferable carbostyril compounds, compounds wherein thegroup of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 5position of the carbostyril skeleton are more preferable.

Compounds wherein R¹ is a phenyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected from aphenyl group, halogen atoms, —(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups wherein B, l, R⁶ andR⁷ are as defined in Item 1 above, lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, andphenyl lower alkoxy groups are also more preferable;

of such carbostyril compounds, those wherein A is a lower alkylenegroup, R² is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogenatom, and X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom are particularlypreferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein R¹ is a lower alkyl group are preferable, and further,those wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R² is a hydrogen atom or alower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom, and X is an oxygen atom or asulfur atom are more preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein R¹ is a naphthyl lower alkyl group are preferable, andfurther, those wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R² is a hydrogenatom or a lower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom, and X is an oxygenatom or a sulfur atom are more preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein R¹ is a group

in which R¹⁰ and A₂ are as defined in Item 1 above, are preferable, andfurther, those wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R² is a hydrogenatom or a lower alkoxy group, R³ is a hydrogen atom, and X is an oxygenatom or a sulfur atom are preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a double bond, and a group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 3,4 or 5 position of the carbostyril skeleton are preferable, and further,those wherein R¹ is (1-2) or (1-3) as defined in Item 1 are morepreferable; of such carbostyril compounds, compounds wherein A is alower alkylene group or a lower alkylidene group, and R² is a hydrogenatom or a lower alkoxy group are particularly preferable.

Among carbostyril compounds represented by General Formula (1),compounds wherein the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a double bond and R⁴ and R⁵ are linked togetherin the form of a —CH═CH—CH═CH— group are preferable;

of such carbostyril compounds, compounds wherein a group of the formula

in which R³, A and X are as defined in Item 1 above, is bound to the 7position of the carbostyril skeleton are more preferable; those whereinR¹ is (1-2) or (1-3) as defined in Item 1 above are still morepreferable; and those wherein A is a lower alkylene group or a loweralkylidene group, R² and R³ are both hydrogen atoms, and X is an oxygenatom or a sulfur atom are particularly preferable.

Examples of particularly preferable carbostyril compounds of the presentinvention are as follows:

-   5-[1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(4-bromobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(2-naphthylmethyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-{1-[4-(heptyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl]-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-[1-(1-biphenyl-4-ylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-{1-[1-(4-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   5-{1-[4-(2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl]-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,-   1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   8-methoxy-1-methyl-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   8-methoxy-1-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   1-propyl-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   1-isobutyl-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,-   8-methoxy-1-phenethyl-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,    and-   1-(4-phenylthiomethyl)benzyl-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one.

Specific examples of groups in the above formula (1) are as follows.

Examples of lower alkylene groups include straight and branched C₁₋₆alkylene groups, such as methylene, ethylene, trimethylene,2-methyltrimethylene, 2,2-dimethylethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene,1-methyltrimethylene, methylmethylene, ethylmethylene, tetramethylene,pentamethylene, and hexamethylene.

Examples of lower alkylidene groups include straight and branched C₁₋₆alkylidene groups, such as methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene,butylidene, pentylidene, and hexylidene.

Examples of lower alkyl groups include straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl,tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl,isohexyl, and 3-methylpentyl.

Examples of lower alkoxy groups include straight and branched C₁₋₆alkoxy groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy,isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, isopentyloxy,neopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, and 3-methylpentyloxy.

Examples halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include alkoxycarbonyl groupswherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl,isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl,tert-butoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentyloxycarbonyl,neopentyloxycarbonyl, n-hexyloxycarbonyl, isohexyloxycarbonyl, and3-methylpentyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxy groups include phenylalkoxy groupswherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,such as benzyloxy, 2-phenylethoxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-phenylpropoxy,4-phenylbutoxy, 5-phenylpentyloxy, 6-phenylhexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy, and 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy.

Examples of piperidinyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups includepiperidinylalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, such as [(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]methoxycarbonyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethoxycarbonyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethoxycarbonyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]propoxycarbonyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]butoxycarbonyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]pentyloxycarbonyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]hexyloxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethoxycarbonyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]propoxy carbonyl.

Examples of cycloalkyl groups include C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groups, such ascyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, andcyclooctyl.

Examples of amino lower alkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substitutedwith one or more cycloalkyl groups include:

amino-substituted alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted with oneor two C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groups;

such as aminomethoxycarbonyl, 2-aminoethoxycarbonyl,cyclopropylaminomethoxycarbonyl, 2-cyclohexylaminoethoxycarbonyl,1-cyclobutylaminoethoxycarbonyl, 3-cyclopentylaminopropoxycarbonyl,4-cycloheptylaminobutoxycarbonyl, 5-cyclooctylaminopentyloxycarbonyl,6-cyclohexylaminohexyloxycarbonyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-cyclohexylaminoethoxycarbonyl,2-methyl-3-cyclopropylaminopropoxycarbonyl, and2-(N-cyclopropyl-N-cyclohexylamino)ethoxycarbonyl.

Examples of lower alkylthio groups include straight and branched C₁₋₆alkylthio groups such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio,isopropylthio, n-butylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio, andn-hexylthio.

Examples of 2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one or more alkylthio groups include2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one to three lower alkylthio groups, such as(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 2-methylthio-(1-, 4-, or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 2-ethylthio-(1-, 4-, or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 4-propylthio-(1-, 2-, or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 5-isopropylthio-(1-, 2-, or4-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 2-n-butylthio-(1-, 4-, or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 2-n-pentylthio-(1-, 4-, or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 2-n-hexylthio-(1-, 4-, or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, 2,4-dimethylthio-(1- or5-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl, and2,4,5-trimethylthio-(1-)2-imidazolinylcarbonyl.

Examples of 3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the3-pyrroline ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the 3-pyrrolinering with one to three lower alkyl groups, such as (1-, 2-, or3-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2-methyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2-ethyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 3-propyl-(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 4-isopropyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 5-n-butyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2-n-pentyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2-n-hexyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2,5-dimethyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2,4-dimethyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, 2,3-dimethyl-(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl, and 2,4,5-trimethylthio-(1-, 2-, 3-, or5-)3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl.

Examples of thiazolidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thethiazolidine ring with a phenyl group includes (2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinylcarbonyl, 2-phenyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolidinylcarbonyl,3-phenyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolidinylcarbonyl, 4-phenyl-(2-, 3-, or5-)thiazolidinylcarbonyl, and 5-phenyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)thiazolidinylcarbonyl.

Examples of piperidinyl lower alkyl groups include piperidinylalkylgroups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, such as [(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-,or 4-)piperidinyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]ethyl,3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]butyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-,2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]propyl.

Examples of anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on theamino group with one or more lower alkyl groups include anilinoalkylgroups optionally substituted on the amino group with one or morestraight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as anilinomethyl,N-methylanilinomethyl, N-ethylanilinomethyl, N-n-propylanilinomethyl,N-isopropylanilinomethyl, N-n-butylanilinomethyl,N-sec-butylanilinomethyl, N-tert-butylanilinomethyl,N-n-pentylanilinomethyl, N-n-hexylanilinomethyl, 2-anilinoethyl,2-(N-methylanilino)ethyl, 2-(N-ethylanilino)ethyl,2-(N-n-propylanilino)ethyl, 2-(N-isopropylanilino)ethyl,2-(N-n-butylanilino)ethyl, 2-(N-sec-butylanilino)ethyl,2-(N-tert-butylanilino)ethyl, 2-(N-n-pentylanilino)ethyl,2-(N-n-hexylanilino)ethyl, 3-anilinopropyl, 3-(N-methylanilino)propyl,4-(N-ethylanilino)butyl, 4-(N-n-propylanilino)butyl,5-(N-isopropylanilino)pentyl, 5-(N-n-butylanilino)pentyl,6-(N-sec-butylanilino)hexyl, 6-(N-tert-butylanilino)hexyl,6-(N-n-pentylanilino)hexyl, and 6-(N-n-hexylanilino)hexyl.

Examples of phenylthio lower alkyl groups include phenylthioalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as phenylthiomethyl, 2-phenylthioethyl, 1-phenylthioethyl,3-phenylthiopropyl, 4-phenylthiobutyl, 5-phenylthiopentyl,6-phenylthiohexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylthioethyl, and2-methyl-3-phenylthiopropyl.

Examples of indolinyl lower alkyl groups include indolinylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as [(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolinyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-,3-, 4-, or 5-)indolinyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7)indolinyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7)indolinyl]propyl,4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7)indolinyl]butyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-,5-, 6-, or 7)indolinyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7)indolinyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7)indolinyl]ethyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7)indolinyl]propyl.

Examples of piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups includepiperidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ringwith one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-methyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-ethyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl,1-n-propyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-n-butyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-n-pentyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl,1-n-hexyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1,2-dimethyl-(3-, 4-, 5-,or 6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1,2,3-trimethyl-(4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 2-n-propyl-(1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 3-ethyl-(1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, and 2-methyl-4-isopropyl-(1-, 3-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl group: lower alkyl groups; lower alkoxy groups; halogenatoms; —(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups; a nitro group; a carboxy group; loweralkoxycarbonyl groups; a cyano group; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; aphenoxy group; piperidinyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; amino loweralkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted with one or more cycloalkylgroups; 2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one or more lower alkylthio groups;3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the pyrroline ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; a thiazolidinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the thiazolidine ring with a phenyl group;3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl groups; piperidinyl lower alkyl groups;anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the amino groupwith one or more lower alkyl groups; phenylthio lower alkyl groups;indolinyl lower alkyl groups; and piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groupsinclude:

mono- and di-phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ aklyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of a phenylgroup; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups; halogen atoms;the below-described —(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups; a nitro group; a carboxylgroup; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonylgroups; a cyano group; the above-described phenylalkoxy groups whereinthe alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; a phenoxygroup; the above-described piperidinylalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein thealkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; theabove-described aminoalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety isa straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted withone or two C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groups; the above-described2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆alkylthio groups; the above-described 3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the 3-pyrroline ring with one to threestraight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; thiazolidinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the thiazolidine ring with a phenyl group;3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl groups; piperidinylalkyl groups whereinthe alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group;anilinoalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the amino group with one ortwo straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; phenylthioalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group;indolinylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group; and the above-described piperidinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl,1,1-diphenylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl, 3,3-diphenylpropyl,1,2-diphenylethyl, 4-[N-(3-pyridyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(2-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl-]benzyl,4-[2-(2-piperidinyl)ethoxycarbonyl]benzyl,4-[2-(cyclohexylamino)ethoxycarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(3-pyridylmethyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-pyridylmethyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-pyridyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-(4-cyclopentyl-1-piperazinylcarbonyl)benzyl,4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(N,N-di-n-butylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-piperidinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-(1-homopiperidinylcarbonyl)benzyl,4-[2-methylthio-1-(2-imidazolinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-N-methylaminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N,N-diisobutylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)methyl-N-ethylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(4-thiomorpholinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[2,5-dimethyl-1-(3-pyronyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-(3-thiazolidinylcarbonyl)benzyl,4-(N-cyclopropylmethyl-N-n-propylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[1-(3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl)benzyl,4-(N-cyclopentyl-N-alkylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[4-(4-pyridyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-phenylethyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-pyrazyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-n-butylaminocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(N-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-benzylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-(2-chlorobenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-chlorobenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(4-chlorobenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(2-pyridyl)methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-pyridyl)methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-pyridyl)methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[3,5-dimethyl-1-piperidinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(2-furyl)methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[4-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)-1-piperidinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-{4-[N-(2-phenylacetyl)-N-methylamino]-1-piperidinylcarbonyl}benzyl,4-[(4-methoxy-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(3,4-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[(4-ethylcarbamoylmethyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-cyclohexyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(2-benzoxazolyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[(4-anilinocarbonylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-methyl-2-benzyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-phenyl-3-oxo-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-tert-butyl-3-oxo-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(1-acetyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-methylcarbamoylmethyl-N-benzylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-benzyl-N-cyclohexylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[2-(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)ethyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(3-phenyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-yl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-benzyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-methyl-N-(4-methylbenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-methyl-N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-methyl-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-phenyl-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-isopropyl-N-benzylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(N-ethyl-N-cyclohexylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-ethyl-N-(4-pyridyl)methylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-n-propylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-ethyl-N-(4-ethoxybenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-ethyl-N-cyclohexylmethylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-(2-ethoxyethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[{4-[N-methyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}carbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(1-methyl-1-cyclopentyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(1-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-cyclohexylmethylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-(4-fluorobenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(1-phenylethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-phenylpropyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-[3-(1-imidazolyl)propyl]aminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-(2-phenylethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[2-(N,N-diisopropylamino)ethylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-(1-methoxycarbonyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(carbamoylmethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-[1-carbamoyl-2-(5-imidazolyl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-{N-[1-methoxycarbonyl-2-(5-imidazolyl)ethyl]amino carbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-(N-methoxycarbonylmethyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[(2-carbamoyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-{[N-(2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-N-ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-{N-[(4-methylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl]-N-methylaminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N-ethylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-N-ethylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-bromobenzyl)-N-ethylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(3-chlorobenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-[2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-{N-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}benzyl,4-[(4-benzyloxycarbonyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(3-cyano-2-pyridyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[{4-[(3-furyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}carbonyl]benzyl,4-{[4-(3-pyridyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(4-tetrahydropyranyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{[4-(4-morpholino)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl}benzyl,4-{4-[2-(1,3-dioxolane-2-yl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}carbonyl]benzyl,4-phenylbenzyl, 2-phenylbenzyl, 3-phenylbenzyl, 4-tert-butylbenzyl,4-aminobenzyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl, 4-carboxybenzyl,3-methoxy-4-chlorobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl,3,4-dichlorobenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-bromobenzyl,2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 4-cyanobenzyl,4-piperidinylcarbonylbenzyl, 4-anilinocarbonylbenzyl,4-(N-cyclohexylaminocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(N-benzoylamino)benzyl,4-(N-cyclohexylamino)benzyl, 4-phenylcarbamoylaminobenzyl,4-methylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl, 3,4,5-trimethylbenzyl,4-benzyloxybenzyl, 4-ethylcarbamoylaminobenzyl,4-ethylaminocarbonylbenzyl, 4-isopropylaminocarbonylbenzyl,4-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-pyridyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(4-isopropylphenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(4-phenoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-phenoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(3-phenoxybenzoyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)amino]benzyl, 4-[N-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(2-chlorobenzoyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-(2-furylcarbonyl)amino]benzyl, 4-[N-(4-methoxybenzoyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(2-methoxybenzoyl)amino]benzyl, 4-phenoxybenzyl,4-n-pentyloxycarbonylaminobenzyl,4-[N-(4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl)amino]benzyl,4-[N-(4-methylphenoxycarbonyl)amino]benzyl,4-benzyloxycarbonylaminobenzyl, 4-ethanoylaminobenzyl,4-(N-acetylamino)benzyl, 4-methylsulfonylaminobenzyl,methoxycarbonylaminobenzyl,4-[N-(4-isopropylphenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[4-{2-[(1-, 2-, or3-)imidazolyl]ethyl}-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-{4-[3-methyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)pyridyl]-1-piperazinyl carbonyl}benzyl, 4-{4-[4-methyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)pyridyl]-1-piperazinylcarbonyl}benzyl, 4-[4-{2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]ethyl}-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-{4-4-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinylcarbonyl}benzyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-,or 4-piperazinylcarbonyl)]benzyl, 4-[2-methyl-(1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[3-ethoxycarbonyl-(1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]benzyl, 4-[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-(1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]benzyl, 4-[4-hydroxy-4-benzyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperidinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[3-acetylamino-(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[N-{2-[1-ethyl-(2- or3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethyl}aminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[N-{2-[(2- or3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethyl}aminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[N-{2-([2-, 3-, or4-]morpholino)ethyl}aminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[N-{3-([2-, 3-, or4-]morpholino)propyl}aminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[2,6-dimethyl-(3-, 4-, or5-)morpholinocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[4-(4-trifluoromethylanilino)-(1-, 2-,or 3-)piperazinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-{2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinylmethyl]-(3-, 4-, 5- or 6-)morpholinocarbonyl}benzyl,4-(N-methyl-N-n-pentylaminocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-{4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl]-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinylcarbonyl}benzyl,4-[N-(2-methylcyclohexyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-isoindolinylcarbonylbenzyl, 4-[2-phenyl-(1-, 3-, 4- or5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl]benzyl, 4-{2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-morpholinomethyl)-(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[2-dimethylaminomethyl-(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-{N-[1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]-N-methylaminocarbonyl}benzyl, 4-[2-phenyl-(3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinylcarbonyl]benzyl,4-[N-methyl-(2-methoxyanilino)carbonyl]benzyl,4-(3-methylthioanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2-methylthioanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3,4-dichloroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-4-anilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-anilinocarbonylbenzyl,4-(4-chloroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(4-methoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-methoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(2-chloroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-methylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2,4-diiethoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-methoxy-5-chloroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2-methoxy-5-acetylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3,4-dimethoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[2-(1-methylalkyl)anilinocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(3-trifluoromethoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2-methylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(2-fluoroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-fluoroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(4-fluoroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-dimethylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-ethoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-trifluoromethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-trifluoromethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-acetylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-acetylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or4-pyridylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-[N-methyl-(3-methylanilino)carbonyl]benzyl, 4-[3-methoxy-(2-, 4-, 5-,or 6-)pyridylaminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-(2-phenoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-phenoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(4-phenoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3,5-dichloroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2,3-dimethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2,4-dimethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3,5-dimethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3,5-difluoroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)indolylaminocarbonyl]benzyl,4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-aminosulfonylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-methyl-3-methoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-chloro-4-methoxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-chloro-4-methylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-[3-methyl-(2-, 4-, 5- or6-)pyridylaminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[(2-, 4- or5-thiazolylaminocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(2-chloro-5-acetylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-methylthioanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-isopropylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-tert-butylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-[(2- or4-)1,2,4-triazolylaminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-{4-[2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinyl]anilinocarbonyl}benzyl, 4-(4-methylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-methylcarbamoylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, anilinocarbonylbenzyl,4-(2-benzyloxyanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(4-vinylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-acetylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(3-acetylaminoanilinocarbonyl)benzyl,4-(4-trifluoromethylanilinocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]propionylamino)benzyl, 4-(3-phenoxypropionylamino)benzyl,4-[(2-, 3- or 4-)pyridylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-{2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]acetylamino}benzyl, 4-[(2- or 3-)furylcarbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(2- or 3-)thienylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-{2-[(2- or3-)thienyl]acetylamino}benzyl, 4-{2-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl carbonylamino}benzyl,4-cyclopentylcarbonylaminobenzyl, 4-cyclohexylcarbonylaminobenzyl,4-(2-cyclopentylacetylamino)benzyl, 4-(2-cyclohexylcarbonylamino)benzyl,4-[1-benzoyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonylamino]benzyl,4-[1-acetyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[(2-, 3-,4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)chromanyl]benzyl, 4-(2-nitrobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(3-nitrobenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-phenylbenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-(2-dimethylaminobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-anilinobenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-cyanobenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-(3-phenoxybenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-phenoxybenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-(4-phenoxybenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-[(1-or 2-)naphthylcarbonylamino]benzyl,4-(2-methyl-3-fluorobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-{2-[1,3-dioxo-(2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]acetylamino}benzyl,4-{2-[2-thioxo-4-oxothiazolidinyl]acetylamino}benzyl, 4-{3-[(1-, 2-, 3-,or 4-)piperidinyl]propionylamino}benzyl, 4-(4-acetylbenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-trifluoromethylbenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(3-trifluoromethylbenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoylamino)benzyl,4-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)acetylamino]benzyl,4-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chlorocinnamoylamino)benzyl,4-(3,4-methylenedioxycinnamoylamino)benzyl, 4-[3-(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylvinylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-{2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylthio]acetylamino}benzyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)indolylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzofurylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[2,6-dichloro-(3-, 4-, or5-)pyridylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-(2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)indolyl]acetylamino)benzyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-{4-[2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinyl]benzoylamino}benzyl, 4-{4-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolyl]benzoylamino)benzyl, 4-{4-[(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrazolyl]benzoylamino}benzyl, 4-{4-[(1-, 3-, or5-)1,2,4-triazolyl]benzoylamino}benzyl, 4-{4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]benzoylamino}benzyl,4-[4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)benzoylamino]benzyl, 4-[(2- or3-)pyrazylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-(2-methoxybenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzoylamino)benzyl,4-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)benzyl, 4-(2-phenoxyacetylamino)benzyl,4-(3-phenylpropionyl)benzyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonylamino]benzyl, 4-benzoylaminobenzyl,4-cinnamoylaminobenzyl, 4-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-methoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-methylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-methylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-fluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-fluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-fluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl, 4-[(2- or3-)thienylsulfonylamino]benzyl, 4-(2-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-trifluoromethoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methoxycarbonylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-cyanophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-cyanophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-cyanophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,5-dimethoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-nitrophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-nitrophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-nitrophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-bromophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-bromophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-bromophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-n-butylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,6-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-,7-, or 8-)quinolylsulfonylamino]benzyl, 4-[1-methyl-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolylsulfonylamino]benzyl,4-(2,3-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,5-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,4-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-nitro-4-methylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,4-dichloro-5-methylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-acetylaminophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3,4-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-tert-butylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-carboxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-ethylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,5-dimethylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-n-butoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,5-difluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chloro-4-acetylaminophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,4-difluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methyl-3-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,6-difluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3,4-difluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methyl-5-fluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-methyl-4-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-methyl-6-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-isopropylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(3,4-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-fluoro-4-bromophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-methyl-3-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-vinylsulfonylaminobenzyl, 4-(3-chloropropylphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-cyclohexylmethylsulfonylaminobenzyl, 4-[2-chloro-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienylsulfonylamino]benzyl,4-(3,5-dichlorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-{4-[2-(4-methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]phenylsulfonylamino}benzyl,4-[4-methyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonylamino]benzyl,4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2,3,5-trimethyl-4-methoxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-[(1,3-dimethyl-5-chloro-4-pyrazolyl)sulfonylamino]benzyl,4-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)sulfonylamino]benzyl,4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl, 4-{[2,3-dichloro-(4-or 5-)thienyl]sulfonylamino}benzyl, 4-{[2,5-dichloro-(3- or4-)thienyl]sulfonylamino}benzyl, 4-{[2-bromo-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]sulfonylamino}benzyl, 4-(4-carboxyphenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-acetylamino-4-methyl-5-thiazolylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-{[2-methoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonylamino}benzyl,4-benzylsulfonylaminobenzyl, 4-styrylsulfonylaminobenzyl,4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenylsulfonylamino)benzyl,4-phenylsulfonylaminobenzyl, 4-phenoxycarbonylaminobenzyl,4-[(4-chlorophenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(4-bromophenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl, 4-benzyloxycarbonylaminobenzyl,4-methoxycarbonylaminobenzyl, 4-n-butoxycarbonylaminobenzyl,4-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(3-methoxyphenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(2-methoxyphenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl, 4-[(1- or2-)naphthyloxycarbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(4-fluorophenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(4-methylphenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(2-chlorobenzyloxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-[2-propynyloxycarbonylamino]benzyl,4-[(4-nitrophenoxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-(2-fluoroethoxycarbonylamino)benzyl,4-(3-butenyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl,4-(4-chlorobutoxycarbonylamino)benzyl,4-(2-chloroethoxycarbonylamino)benzyl,4-[2-(benzyloxy)ethoxycarbonylamino]benzyl,4-propoxycarbonylaminobenzyl, 4-n-butoxycarbonylaminobenzyl,4-(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl,4-[(4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonylamino]benzyl,4-(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl,4-[N-methyl-(4-chloroanilino)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(2-chloroanilino)carbonyl]benzyl, 4-[(3-cyanoanilino)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(4-cyanoanilino)carbonyl]benzyl, 4-[(2-cyanoanilino)carbonyl]benzyl,4-[(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)carbonyl]benzyl, 4-[(1- or5-)tetrazolylaminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-[5-methyl-(3- or4-)isoxazolylaminocarbonyl]benzyl, 4-(4-[4-methyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperazinyl]anilinocarbonyl}benzyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)(1-piperidinylmethyl)benzyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)(N-methylanilinomethyl)benzyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)(phenylthiomethyl)benzyl, and (2-, 3-, or 4-)(1-indolylmethyl)benzyl.

Examples of cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups include C₃₋₈ cycloalkylalkylgroups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, such as cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl,1-cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 3-cyclopentylpropyl,4-cyclohexylbutyl, 5-cycloheptylpentyl, 6-cyclooctylhexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-cyclohexylethyl, and 2-methyl-3-cyclopropylpropyl.

Examples of phenoxy lower alkyl groups include phenoxy alkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as phenoxymethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 1-phenoxyethyl, 3-phenoxypropyl,4-phenoxybutyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenoxyethyl, 5-phenoxypentyl,6-phenoxyhexyl, 1-phenoxyisopropyl, and 2-methyl-3-phenoxypropyl.

Examples of naphthyl lower alkyl groups include naphthylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as (1- or 2-)naphthylmethyl, 2-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]ethyl, 1-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]ethyl, 3-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]propyl, 4-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]butyl, 5-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]pentyl, 6-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]ethyl, and2-methyl-3-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]propyl.

Examples of lower alkoxy lower alkyl groups include alkoxyalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group andthe alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, such asmethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl,3-n-butoxypropyl, 4-n-propoxybutyl, 1-methyl-3-isobutoxypropyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-n-pentyloxyethyl, 5-n-hexyloxypentyl, 6-methoxyhexyl,1-ethoxyisopropyl, and 2-methyl-3-methoxypropyl.

Examples of carboxy lower alkyl groups include carboxyalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 1-carboxyethyl, 3-carboxypropyl,4-carboxybutyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 6-carboxyhexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-carboxyethyl, and 2-methyl-3-carboxypropyl.

Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl groups includealkoxycarbonylalkyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as methoxycarbonylmethyl,ethoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl,1-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 3-methoxycarbonylpropyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylpropyl,4-ethoxycarbonylbutyl, 5-isopropoxycarbonylpentyl,6-n-propoxycarbonylhexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-n-butoxycarbonylethyl,2-methyl-3-tert-butoxycarbonylpropyl, 2-n-pentyloxycarbonylethyl, andn-hexyloxycarbonyl methyl.

Examples of piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperazinering with one or more members selected from the group consisting of aphenyl group and lower alkyl groups include:

piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperazine ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of a phenylgroup and straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (1- or 2-)piperazinyl, 4-methyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl,4-ethyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-n-propyl-1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl, 4-tert-butyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl,4-sec-butyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-n-butyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl, 4-n-pentyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-n-hexyl-(1-,2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 3,4-dimethyl-(1-, 2-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl,3,4,5-trimethyl-(1- or 2-)piperazinyl, 4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl, 2,4-diphenyl-(1-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl,2,3,4-triphenyl-(1-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl, and 4-phenyl-2-methyl-(1-,3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl.

Examples of pyridylamino groups include (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylamino.

Examples of pyridylcarbonylamino groups include (2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonylamino.

Examples of anilino groups optionally substituted on the amino groupwith one or more lower alkyl groups include anilino groups optionallysubstituted on the amino group with one or more straight and/or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as anilino, N-methylanilino, N-ethylanilino,N-n-propylanilino, N-isopropylanilino, N-n-butylanilino,N-sec-butylanilino, N-tert-butylanilino, N-n-pentylanilino, andN-n-hexylanilino.

Examples of pyridyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms; piperidinyl groups; a morpholino group;piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperizine ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of a phenyl groupand lower alkyl groups; thienyl groups; a phenyl group; pyridyl groups;piperidinyl lower alkyl groups; phenylthio lower alkyl groups; biphenylgroups; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; pyridylamino groups; pyridylcarbonylamino groups; loweralkoxy groups; anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on theamino group with one or more lower alkyl groups; and anilino groupsoptionally substituted on the amino group with one or more lower alkylgroups include:

pyridyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a C₁₋₆ straight orbranched alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyridine ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described halogen atoms; piperidinyl groups; a morpholino group;the above-described piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on thepiperazine ring with one to three members selected from the groupconsisting of a phenyl group and straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups; thienyl groups; a phenyl group; pyridyl groups; piperidinylalkylgroups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroup; phenylthioalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group; biphenyl groups; lower alkyl groups whereinthe alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; pyridylamino groups;pyridylcarbonylamino groups; straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups;anilinoalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the amino group with one ortwo straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; and the above-describedanilino groups optionally substituted on the amino group with one ormore straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylmethyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethyl,1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propyl,4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]butyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]ethyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]hexyl, 1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]isopropyl, 2-methyl-3-[(2-,3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propyl, (2-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl, [2-chloro-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2,3-dichloro-(4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2-bromo-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2,4,6-trifluoro-(3-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2-(1-piperidinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2-(4-morpholino)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,2-[2-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]ethyl,3-[2-(4-isopropyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]propyl,4-[2-(4-sec-butyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]butyl,5-[2-(4-n-pentyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]pentyl,6-[2-(4-n-hexyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]hexyl,[2-(4-phenyl-2-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2-(3-thienyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2-phenyl-(3-, 4-, 5-,or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, 2-[2,4-diphenyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]ethyl,3-[2-(2-pyridyl)-6-(3-thienyl)-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridyl]propyl,4-(3-anilino-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-) pyridylbutyl, 5-[2-(4-morpholino)-(3-,4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]pentyl, 6-[2-(1-piperidinyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]hexyl, [2-(2-pyridyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, (3-,4-, 5-, or 6-)(1-piperidinylmethyl)-2-pyridylmethyl, (3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)phenylthiomethyl-2-pyridylmethyl, (4-, 5-, or6-)biphenyl-3-pyridylmethyl, (4-, 5-, or6-)trifluoromethyl-3-pyridylmethyl, (4-, 5-, or6-)(2-pyridylamino)-3-pyridylmethyl, (4-, 5-, or 6-)[(2- or3-)pyridylcarbonylamino]-3-pyridylmethyl,3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-2-pyridylmethyl, (3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)(N-methylanilinomethyl)-2-pyridylmethyl, [2-(N-methylanilino)-(3-,4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, 2-[2-(N-ethylanilino)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]ethyl, 3-[2-(N-n-propylanilino)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]propyl, 4-[2-(N-n-butylanilino)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]ethyl, 5-[2-(N-n-pentylanilino)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]pentyl, and 6-[2-(N-n-hexylanilino)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]hexyl.

Examples of cyano lower alkyl groups include cyanoalkyl groups whereinthe alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such ascyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 4-cyanobutyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-cyanoethyl, 5-cyanopentyl, 6-cyanohexyl,1-cyanoisopropyl, and 2-methyl-3-cyanopropyl.

Examples of quinolyl lower alkyl groups include quinolylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as [(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, 4-,5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or8-)quinolyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]propyl,4-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]butyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-,3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]ethyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or8-)quinolyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]hexyl,1-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)quinolyl]isopropyl, and2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or -8)quinolyl]propyl.

Examples of lower alkoxy lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl groupsinclude alkoxyalkoxy-substituted alkyl groups wherein each of the twoalkoxy moieties is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and thealkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such asmethoxymethoxymethyl, 2-(methoxymethoxy)ethyl, 1-(ethoxymethoxy)ethyl,3-(2-n-butoxyethoxy)propyl, 4-(3-n-propoxypropoxy)butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-n-pentyloxybutoxy)ethyl,5-(5-n-hexyloxypentyloxy)pentyl, 6-(6-methoxyhexyloxy)hexyl,1-ethoxymethoxyisopropyl, 2-methyl-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl, and3,3-dimethyl-3-(methoxymethoxy)propyl.

Examples of hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl groups include straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups substituted with one to three hydroxy groups,such as hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl,2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl, 5-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl,3,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropyl, and2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl.

Examples of thiazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thethiazole ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms, a phenyl group, thienyl groups, and pyridylgroups include:

thiazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the thiazole ring with oneto three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, aphenyl group, thienyl groups, and pyridyl groups;

such as [(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, [2-methyl-3-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]propyl, [2-chloro-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl,2-[2-chloro-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[2-fluoro-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[2-bromo-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[2-iodo-(4-or 5-)thiazolyl]butyl, [2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl,2-[2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[2-phenyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]propyl,4-[2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[2-phenyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]pentyl, 6-[2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl,[2-methyl-3-[2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]propyl, [2-(2- or3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl, 2-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl,3-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[2-(2- or3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]pentyl, 6-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl,[2-methyl-3-[2-(2- or 3-)thienyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]propyl, [2-(2-, 3-,or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl, 2-[2-(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]pentyl, 6-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, and [2-methyl-3-[2-(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]propyl.

Examples of lower alkylsilyloxy lower alkyl groups includealkylsilyloxyalkyl groups wherein each of the two alkyl moieties is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as trimethylsilyloxymethyl,(1- or 2-)(triethylsilyloxy)ethyl, 3-(trimethylsilyloxy)propyl,dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxymethyl, 2-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)ethyl,3-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)propyl,4-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)butyl,5-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)pentyl, and6-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)hexyl.

Examples of phenoxy lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; halogen atoms; lower alkenyl groups,cycloalkyl groups, a nitro group; and a phenyl group include:

phenoxy alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms; straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups; halogen atoms;straight and branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl groups; C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groups; anitro group; and a phenyl group;

such as 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)methylphenoxylpropyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)propylphenoxylpropyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)methoxyphenoxy]propyl,3-[(2,3- or 3,4-)dichlorophenoxylpropyl, 3-[(2,3- or3,4-)difluorophenoxy]propyl, 3-[3-fluoro-4-chlorophenoxy]propyl, 3-[(2-,3-, or 4-)trifluoromethylphenoxy]propyl,3-[2-methoxy-4-propenylphenoxy]propyl,3-[2-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy]propyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)cyclopentylphenoxypropyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)nitrophenoxy]propyl,3-[(2,3- or 3,4-)dimethylphenoxy]propyl, and 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)phenylphenoxy]propyl.

Examples of phenylthio lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenylthioalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three halogen atoms;

such as phenylthiomethyl, 2-phenylthioethyl, 1-phenylthioethyl,3-phenylthiopropyl, 4-phenylthiobutyl, 5-phenylthiopentyl,6-phenylthiohexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylthioethyl,2-methyl-3-phenylthiopropyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)chlorophenylthiomethyl,2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)chlorophenylthio]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)chlorophenylthio]propyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)fluorophenylthio]butyl,5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)bromophenylthio]pentyl, and 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)iodophenylthio]hexyl.

Examples of piperidinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of a phenyl group and phenyl lower alkyl groups include:

piperidinylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the piperidine ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of a phenylgroup and phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

such as [(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-,2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]butyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-,2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]propyl,[4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl, 3-[4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl]propyl,[4-phenylmethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl,3-[4-phenylmethyl-1-piperidinyl]propyl, 2-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperidinyl]ethyl, 3-[4-phenylmethyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperidinyl]propyl, 4-[4-phenylethyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperidinyl]butyl, 5-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl]pentyl, and6-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl]hexyl.

Examples of piperazinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepiperazine ring with one or more phenyl groups include:

piperazinylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the piperazine ringwith one to three phenyl groups;

such as (1- or 2-)piperazinylmethyl, 2-[(1- or 2-)piperazinyl]ethyl,[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl]methyl, 2-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl]ethyl, 3-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl]propyl,4-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl]butyl, 5-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl]pentyl, and 6-[4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl]hexyl.

Examples of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl lower alkyl groups include1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl,2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)ethyl,3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)propyl,4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl,5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)pentyl, and6-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)hexyl.

Examples of naphthyloxy lower alkyl groups include naphthyloxyalkylgroups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, such as 1-naphthyloxymethyl, 2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl,3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl, 3-(2-naphthyloxy)propyl,4-(1-naphthyloxy)butyl, 5-(2-naphthyloxy)pentyl and6-(1-naphthyloxy)hexyl.

Examples of benzothiazolyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substitutedon the benzothiazole ring with one or more alkyl groups include:

benzothiazolyloxyalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the benzothiazolinering with one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as 1-[benzothiazol-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-)yloxy]methyl,2-[benzothiazol-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-)yloxy]ethyl, 3-[benzothiazol-(2-,4-, 5-, 6- or 7-)yloxy]propyl, 3-[benzothiazol-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or7-)yloxy]propyl, 4-[benzothiazol-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-)yloxy]butyl,5-[benzothiazol-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-)yloxy]pentyl, 6-[benzothiazol-(2-,4-, 5-, 6- or 7-)yloxy]hexyl, 2-methylbenzothiazol-5-yloxymethyl,2-(2-methylbenzothiazol-5-yloxy)ethyl,3-(2-methylbenzothiazol-5-yloxy)propyl,4-(2-ethylbenzothiazol-5-yloxy)butyl,5-(2-ethylbenzothiazol-5-yloxy)pentyl, and6-(2-ethylbenzothiazol-5-yloxy)hexyl.

Examples of lower alkyl groups substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of quinolyloxy groups andisoquinolyloxy groups include:

alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆alkyl group, substituted with one to three members selected from thegroup consisting of quinolyloxy groups and isoquinolyloxy groups;

such as (5-quinolyloxy)methyl, 2-(5-quinolyloxy)ethyl,3-(5-quinolyloxy)propyl, 4-(5-quinolyloxy)butyl,5-(5-quinolyloxy)pentyl, 6-(5-quinolyloxy)hexyl,(5-isoquinolyloxy)methyl, 2-(5-isoquinolyloxy)ethyl,3-(5-isoquinolyloxy)propyl, 4-(5-isoquinolyloxy)butyl,5-(5-isoquinolyloxy)pentyl, and 6-(5-isoquinolyloxy)hexyl.

Examples of pyridyloxy lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

pyridyloxyalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyridine ringwith one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyloxymethyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyloxy]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyloxy]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyloxy]propyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyloxy]butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyloxy]ethyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyloxy]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyloxy]hexyl, [6-methyl-(2-,3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridyloxy]methyl, 2-[6-ethyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyridyloxy]ethyl, 3-[6-methyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridyloxy]propyl,4-[6-methyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridyloxy]butyl, 5-[6-methyl-(2-, 3-,4-, or 5-)pyridyloxy]pentyl, and 6-[6-methyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyridyloxy]hexyl.

Examples of carboxy lower alkoxy groups include carboxyalkoxy groupswherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,such as carboxymethoxy, 2-carboxyethoxy, 1-carboxyethoxy,3-carboxypropoxy, 4-carboxybutoxy, 5-carboxypentyloxy,6-carboxyhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-carboxyethoxy, and2-methyl-3-carboxypropoxy.

Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkoxy groups includealkoxycarbonylalkoxy groups wherein each of the two alkoxy moieties is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, such as methoxycarbonylmethoxy,ethoxycarbonylmethoxy, 2-methoxycarbonylethoxy, 2-ethoxycarbonylethoxy,1-ethoxycarbonylethoxy, 3-methoxycarbonylpropoxy,3-ethoxycarbonylpropoxy, 4-ethoxycarbonylbutoxy,5-isopropoxycarbonylpentyloxy, 6-n-propoxycarbonylhexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-n-butoxycarbonylethoxy,2-methyl-3-tert-butoxycarbonylpropoxy, 2-n-pentyloxycarbonylethoxy, andn-hexyloxycarbonylmethoxy.

Examples of lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms include straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms, such as, in addition to theabove-described lower alkyl groups, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl,chloromethyl, bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, iodomethyl, difluoromethyl,dibromomethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl,4,4,4-trichlorobutyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl,5-chloropentyl, 3-chloro-2-methylpropyl, 5-bromohexyl, and5,6-dibromhexyl.

Examples of lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms include straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylthio groupsoptionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms, such as, inaddition to the above-described lower alkylthio groups,trifluoromethylthio, trichloromethylthio, chloromethylthio,bromomethylthio, fluoromethylthio, iodomethylthio, difluoromethylthio,dibromomethylthio, 2-chloroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio,2,2,2-trichloroethylthio, 3-chloropropylthio, 2,3-dichloropropylthio,4,4,4-trichlorobutylthio, 4-fluorobutylthio, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylthio,5-chloropentylthio, 3-chloro-2-methylpropylthio, 5-bromohexylthio, and5,6-dibromohexylthio.

Examples of lower alkylsulfonyl groups include straight and branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl sulfonyl groups optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms, such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl,isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl,tert-butylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, n-pentylsulfonyl,isopentylsulfonyl, neopentylsulfonyl, n-hexylsulfonyl, isohexylsulfonyl,and 3-methylpentylsulfonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkenyl groups include phenylalkenyl groupscontaining one to three double bonds wherein the alkenyl moiety is astraight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, such as styryl,3-phenyl-2-propenyl (trivial name: cinnamyl), 4-phenyl-2-butenyl,4-phenyl-3-butenyl, 5-phenyl-4-pentenyl, 5-phenyl-3-pentenyl,6-phenyl-5-hexenyl, 6-phenyl-4-hexenyl, 6-phenyl-3-hexenyl,4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl, and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyl.

Examples of lower alkanoyloxy groups include straight and branched C₂₋₆alkanoyloxy groups such as acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy,isobutyryloxy, pentanoyloxy, tert-butylcarbonyloxy, and hexanoyloxy.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups; a nitro group; loweralkylsulfonyl groups; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; phenyl lower alkenylgroups; lower alkanoyloxy groups; and 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl groups include:

phenylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of the above-describedhalogen atoms; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylthio groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups; a nitro group; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl groups; theabove-described phenylalkenyl groups containing one to three doublebonds wherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenylgroup; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxygroups; and 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl groups;

such as benzyloxy, 2-phenylethoxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-phenylpropoxy,4-phenylbutoxy, 5-phenylpentyloxy, 6-phenylhexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy,4-chlorobenzyloxy, 2-chlorobenzyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy,3-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2,4-dibromobenzyloxy,2,4,6-trifluorobenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy,4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylbenzyloxy,2,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyloxy,4-methoxycarbonylbenzyloxy, 3-methoxybenzyloxy, 2-methoxybenzyloxy,3-methoxycarbonylbenzyloxy, 2,3-dimethoxybenzyloxy,2,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy, 3-nitrobenzyloxy,2-(2,3-dinitrophenyl)ethoxy, 3-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ethoxy,2-nitro-4-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylsulfonylbenzyloxy,4-(4-ethylsulfonylphenyl)butoxy, 5-(4-propylsulfonylphenyl)pentyloxy,4-acetyloxybenzyloxy, 6-(4-propionyloxyphenyl)hexyloxy,4-styrylbenzyloxy, 4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)benzyloxy,4-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 3-methylthiobenzyloxy,2,4-dimethylthiobenzyloxy, and 2,4,6-trimethylthiobenzyloxy.

Examples of piperidinyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted onthe piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

piperidinylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as [(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]methoxy, 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]ethoxy, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]ethoxy, 3-[(1-,2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]propoxy, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]butoxy, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]pentyloxy,6-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 3-,or 4-)piperidinyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]propoxy, [1-methyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]methoxy,2-[1-ethyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]ethoxy, 3-[1-n-propyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]propoxy, 4-[1-n-butyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-piperidinyl)butoxy,5-[1-n-pentyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]pentyloxy, 6-[1-n-hexyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]hexyloxy, [1,2-dimethyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]methoxy, (1,2,3-trimethyl-(4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]methoxy, 2-[2-n-propyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]ethoxy, 2-[3-ethyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl]ethoxy,and (2-methyl-4-isopropyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-piperidinyl)methoxy.

Examples of amino-substituted lower alkoxy groups optionally substitutedon each amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups includeamino-substituted straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the amino group with one or two straight and/or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as aminomethoxy, 2-aminomethoxy, 1-aminoethoxy,3-aminopropoxy, 4-aminobutoxy, 5-aminopentyloxy, 6-aminohexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-aminoethoxy, 2-methyl-3-aminopropoxy, methylaminomethoxy,1-ethylaminoethoxy, 2-n-propylaminoethoxy, 3-isopropylaminopropoxy,4-n-butylaminobutoxy, 5-n-pentylaminopentyloxy, 6-n-hexylaminohexyloxy,dimethylaminomethoxy, 3-dimethylaminopropoxy, 2-diisopropylaminoethoxy,(N-ethyl-N-n-propylamino)methoxy, and 2-(N-methyl-N-n-hexylamino)ethoxy.

Examples of lower alkenyloxy groups include straight and branched C₂₋₆alkenyloxy groups containing one to three double bonds, such asvinyloxy, 1-propenyloxy, 1-methyl-1-propenyloxy, 2-methyl-1-propenyloxy,2-propenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 1-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 2-pentenyloxy,1-pentenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy, 4-pentenyloxy, 1,3-butadienyloxy,1,3-pentadienyloxy, 2-penten-4-yloxy, 2-hexenyloxy, 1-hexenyloxy,5-hexenyloxy, 3-hexenyloxy, 4-hexenyloxy, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyloxy,2-ethyl-1-propenyloxy, 1,3,5-hexatrienyloxy, 1,3-hexadienyloxy, and1,4-hexadienyloxy.

Examples of pyridyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkylsubstituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atomsinclude:

pyridylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with oneto three above-described straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups,each alkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one to threehalogen atoms;

such as [(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]methoxy, 2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]ethoxy, 1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethoxy, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]propoxy, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]butoxy, 5-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]hexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]propoxy, [2-trifluoromethyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]methoxy, [2-methyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methoxy,[2,4-dimethyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methoxy, [2,4,6-trimethyl-(3- or5-)pyridyl]methoxy), [2-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-(3-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]methoxy, 2-[3-ethyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]ethoxy,3-[4-n-propyl-(2- or 3-)pyridyl]propoxy, 4-[3-n-butyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]butyl, 5-[3-trifluoromethyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]pentyloxy, 6-[2-n-pentyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]hexyloxy,and [2-n-hexyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methoxy.

Examples of lower alkynyloxy groups include straight and branched C₂₋₆alkynyloxy groups, such as ethynyloxy, 2-propynyloxy, 2-butynyloxy,3-butynyloxy, 1-methyl-2-propynyloxy, 2-pentynyloxy, and 2-hexynyloxy.

Examples of phenyl lower alkynyloxy groups include phenylalkynyloxygroups wherein the alkynyloxy moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆alkynyloxy group, such as 2-phenylethynyloxy, 3-phenyl-2-propynyloxy,4-phenyl-2-butynyloxy, 4-phenyl-3-butynyloxy,3-phenyl-1-methyl-2-propynyloxy, 5-phenyl-2-pentynyloxy, and6-phenyl-2-hexynyloxy.

Examples of phenyl lower alkenyloxy groups include phenylalkenyloxygroups containing one to three double bonds wherein the alkenyloxymoiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyloxy group, such asstyryloxy, 3-phenyl-1-propenyloxy, 3-phenyl-1-methyl-1-propenyloxy,3-phenyl-2-methyl-1-propenyloxy, 3-phenyl-2-propenyloxy,4-phenyl-2-butenyloxy, 4-phenyl-1-butenyloxy, 4-phenyl-3-butenyloxy,4-phenyl-2-pentenyloxy, 5-phenyl-1-pentenyloxy, 5-phenyl-3-pentenyloxy,5-phenyl-4-pentenyloxy, 4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyloxy,5-phenyl-1,3-pentadienyloxy, 5-phenyl-2-penten-4-yloxy,6-phenyl-2-hexenyloxy, 6-phenyl-1-hexenyloxy, 6-phenyl-5-hexenyloxy,6-phenyl-3-hexenyloxy, 6-phenyl-4-hexenyloxy,3-phenyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyloxy, 3-phenyl-2-ethyl-1-propenyloxy,6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyloxy, 6-phenyl-1,3-hexadienyloxy, and6-phenyl-1,4-hexadienyloxy.

Examples of furyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on thefuran ring with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include:

furylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the furan ring with one tothree above-described alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety isa straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;

such as [(2- or 3-)furyl]methoxy, 2-[(2- or 3-)furyl]ethoxy, 1-[(2- or3-)furyl]ethoxy, 3-[(2- or 3-)furyl]propoxy, 4-[(2- or 3-)furyl]butoxy,5-[(2- or 3-)furyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(2- or 3-)furyl]hexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2- or 3-)furyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(2- or3-)furyl]propoxy, [2-ethoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methoxy,[2-methoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methoxy,[3-n-propoxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methoxy,[2-n-butoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methoxy,[3-n-pentyloxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methoxy,[2-n-hexyloxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methoxy,[2,3-diethoxycarbonyl-(4- or 5-)furyl]methoxy,2,3,4-trimethoxycarbonyl-5-furyl)methoxy, 2-[3-n-propoxycarbonyl-(2-,4-, or 5-)furyl]ethoxy, 3-[2-n-butoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or5-)furyl]propoxy, 4-[3-n-pentyloxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]butoxy,5-[2-n-hexyloxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]pentyloxy, and6-[2-n-hexyloxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]hexyloxy.

Examples of tetrazolyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on thetetrazole ring with one member selected from the group consisting of aphenyl group, phenyl lower alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl lower alkylgroups include:

tetrazolylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the tetrazole ringwith one member selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group,the above-described phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and the above-described C₃₋₈cycloalkyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

such as [(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]methoxy, 2-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]ethoxy,1-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]ethoxy, 3-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]propoxy, 4-[(1-or 5-)tetrazolyl]butoxy, 5-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(1- or5-)tetrazolyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]ethoxy,2-methyl-3-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]propoxy,(1-benzyl-5-tetrazolyl)methoxy, (1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl)methoxy,(1-cyclohexylmethyl-5-tetrazolyl)methoxy,[5-(2-phenylethyl)-1-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(1-phenylethyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[5-(4-phenylbutyl)-1-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(5-phenylpentyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(6-phenylhexyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[5-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(3-cyclobutylpropyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[5-(4-cyclopentylbutyl)-1-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(5-cycloheptylpentyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,[1-(6-cyclooctylhexyl)-5-tetrazolyl]methoxy,2-(1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl)ethoxy,3-(1-cyclohexylmethyl-5-tetrazolyl)propoxy,4-[5-(2-phenylethyl)-1-tetrazolyl]butoxy,5-(1-benzyl-5-tetrazolyl)pentyloxy, 6-(1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl)hexyloxy,and 1-(1-cyclohexylmethyl-5-tetrazolyl)ethoxy.

Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more lower alkyl groups include phenyl groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one to three straight and/orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as phenyl, 2-methylphenyl,3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl,4-ethylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 3-n-butylphenyl, 4-n-pentylphenyl,4-n-hexylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-diethylphenyl,2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, and3,4,5-trimethylphenyl.

Examples of 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substitutedon the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, include:

1,2,4-oxadiazolylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with one of the above-described phenyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as [(3- or 5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy, 2-[(3- or5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy, 1-[(3- or 5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy,3-[(3- or 5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]propoxy, 4-[(3- or5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]butoxy, 5-[(3- or 5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]pentyloxy,6-[(3- or 5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(3- or5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(3- or5-)1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]propoxy,[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[3-(3-methylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[5-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[3-(4-n-propylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[5-(3-n-pentylphenyl)-3-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[3-(2-n-hexylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[3-(2,3,5-trimethylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy,1-[3-(3-methylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy,3-[5-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]propoxy,4-[3-(4-n-propylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]butoxy,5-[5-(3-n-pentylphenyl)-3-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]pentyloxy,6-[3-(2-n-hexylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]hexyloxy,2-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy and1-[3-(2,3,5-trimethylphenyl)-5-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy.

Examples of isoxazolyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on theisoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

isoxazolylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the isoxazole ringwith one or two above-described straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups;

such as [(3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl]methoxy, 2-[(3-, 4-, or5-)isoxazolyl]ethoxy, 1-[(3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl]ethoxy, 3-[(3-, 4-,or 5-)isoxazolyl]propoxy, 4-[(3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl]butoxy, 5-[(3-,4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl]hexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(3-, 4-,or 5-)isoxazolyl]propoxy, (3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)methoxy,[3-methyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl]methoxy, [3-ethyl-(4- or5-)isoxazolyl]methoxy, [4-n-propyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl]methoxy,[5-n-butyl-(3- or 4-)isoxazolyl]methoxy, [3-n-pentyl-(4- or5-)isoxazolyl]methoxy, [4-n-hexyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl]methoxy,2-[3-methyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl]ethoxy, 1-[3-ethyl-(4- or5-)isoxazolyl]ethoxy, 3-[4-n-propyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl]propoxy,4-[5-n-butyl-(3- or 4-)isoxazolyl]butoxy, 5-[3-n-pentyl-(4- or5-)isoxazolyl]pentyloxy, and 6-[4-n-hexyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl]hexyloxy.

Examples of 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substitutedon the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups include:

1,3,4-oxadiazolylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with one of the above-described phenyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as [(2- or 5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy, 2-[(2- or5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy, 1-[(2- or 5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy,3-[(2- or 5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]propoxy, 4-[(2- or5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]butoxy, 5-[(2- or 5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]pentyloxy,6-[(2- or 5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2- or5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(2- or5-)1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]propoxy,[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[2-(4-methylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[5-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[2-(4-n-propylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[5-(3-n-pentylphenyl)-2-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[2-(2-n-hexylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,[2-(2,3,5-trimethylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]methoxy,2-[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy,1-[2-(3-methylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy,3-[5-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]propoxy,4-[2-(4-n-propylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]butoxy,5-[5-(3-n-pentylphenyl)-2-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]pentyloxy,6-[2-(2-n-hexylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]hexyloxy,2-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy, and1-[2-(2,3,5-trimethylphenyl)-5-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]ethoxy.

Examples of lower alkanoyl lower alkoxy groups include alkanoylalkoxygroups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆alkanoyl group and the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆alkoxy group, such as acetylmethoxy, propionylmethoxy, 2-acetylethoxy,2-propionylethoxy, 1-acetylethoxy, 3-acetylpropoxy, 3-propionylpropoxy,4-acetylbutoxy, 5-butyrylpentyloxy, 6-pentanoylhexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-hexanoylethoxy, 2-methyl-3-acetylpropoxy,2-pentanoylethoxy, and hexanoylmethoxy.

Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more halogen atoms include phenyl groups optionally substitutedon the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms, such as phenyl,4-fluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl,3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl,2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl,2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl,2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl,4-iodophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl,2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2-iodophenyl, 3-iodophenyl,4-iodophenyl, 2,3-dibromophenyl, 2,4-diiodophenyl, and2,4,6-trichlorophenyl.

Examples of thiazolyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on thethiazole ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenylsubstituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms, include:

thiazolylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the thiazole ringwith one or two members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and phenylgroups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to threehalogen atoms;

such as [(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]methoxy, 2-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]ethoxy, 1-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethoxy, 3-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]propoxy, 4-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]butoxy, 5-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]propoxy, [2-phenyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methoxy,[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl]methoxy, [2-(3-bromophenyl)-(4-or 5-)thiazolyl]methoxy, [2-(2-fluorophenyl)-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]methoxy, [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]methoxy, [2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]methoxy, [2-methyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methoxy,2-[2-ethyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]methoxy, 2-[4-phenyl-(2- or5-)thiazolyl]ethoxy, 3-[5-n-propyl-(2- or 4-)thiazolyl]propoxy,4-[4-n-butyl-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]butoxy, 5-[2-n-pentyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]pentyloxy, 6-[5-n-hexyl-(2- or 4-)thiazolyl]hexyloxy,[2,4-dimethyl-5-thiazolyl]methoxy, and[2,4-diphenyl-5-thiazolyl]methoxy.

Examples of benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more halogen atoms include benzoyl groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms, such asbenzoyl, 4-fluorobenzoyl, 2,5-difluorobenzoyl, 2,4-difluorobenzoyl,3,4-difluorobenzoyl, 3,5-difluorobenzoyl, 2,6-difluorobenzoyl,2-chlorobenzoyl, 3-chlorobenzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl,2,4-dichlorobenzoyl, 2,5-dichlorobenzoyl, 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl,2,6-dichlorobenzoyl, 3-fluorobenzoyl, 2-fluorobenzoyl, 3-bromobenzoyl,4-iodobenzoyl, 2-bromobenzoyl, 4-bromobenzoyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl,2,4,6-trifluorobenzoyl, 2-iodobenzoyl, 3-iodobenzoyl, 4-iodobenzoyl,2,3-dibromobenzoyl, 2,4-diiodobenzoyl, and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl.

Examples of piperidinyloxy groups optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more benzoyl groups, each benzoylsubstituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms, include:

piperidinyloxy groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone to three above-described benzoyl groups, each benzoyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one to threehalogen atoms;

such as (1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyloxy, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-,or 4-piperidinyloxy, 1-(3-bromobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyloxy,1-benzoyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyloxy, 1-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyloxy, 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyloxy, 1-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyloxy, 2-(3-chlorobenzoyl)-(1-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyloxy,3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-(1-, 2-, or 4-)piperidinyloxy,4-(2,3-dibromobenzoyl)-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyloxy, 1,2-dibenzoyl-(3-or 4-)piperidinyloxy, and 1,2,4-tribenzoyl-3-piperidinyloxy.

Examples of thienyl lower alkoxy groups include thienylalkoxy groupswherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆alkoxy group,such as [(2- or 3-)thienyl]methoxy, 2-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]ethoxy, 1-[(2-or 3-)thienyl]ethoxy, 3-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propoxy, 4-[(2- or3-)thienyl]butoxy, 5-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(2- or3-)thienyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]ethoxy, and2-methyl-3-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propoxy.

Examples of phenylthio lower alkoxy groups include phenylthioalkoxygroups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxygroup, such as phenylthiomethoxy, 2-phenylthioethoxy,1-phenylthioethoxy, 3-phenylthiopropoxy, 4-phenylthiobutoxy,5-phenylthiopentyloxy, 6-phenylthiohexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylthioethoxy, and 2-methyl-3-phenylthiopropoxy.

Examples of carbamoyl-substituted lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

carbamoyl-substituted straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted on the carbamoyl group with one or two straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as carbamoylmethoxy, 2-carbamoylethoxy, 1-carbamoylethoxy,3-carbamoylpropoxy, 4-carbamoylbutoxy, 5-carbamoylpentyloxy,6-carbamoylhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-carbamoylethoxy,2-methyl-3-carbamoylpropoxy, methylcarbamoylmethoxy,1-ethylcarbamoylethoxy, 2-n-propylcarbamoylethoxy,3-isopropylcarbamoylpropoxy, 4-n-butylcarbamoylbutoxy,5-n-pentylcarbamoylpentyloxy, 6-n-hexylcarbamoylhexyloxy,dimethylcarbamoylmethoxy, 3-dimethylcarbamoylpropoxy,2-diisopropylcarbamoylethoxy, (N-ethyl-N-n-propylcarbamoyl)methoxy, and2-(N-methyl-N-n-hexylcarbamoyl)ethoxy.

Examples of benzoyl lower alkoxy groups include benzoylalkoxy groupswherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,such as benzoylmethoxy, 2-benzoylethoxy, 1-benzoylethoxy,3-benzoylpropoxy, 4-benzoylbutoxy, 5-benzoylpentyloxy,6-benzoylhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-benzoylethoxy, and2-methyl-3-benzoylpropoxy.

Examples of pyridylcarbonyl lower alkoxy groups includepyridylcarbonylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, such as [(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonyl]methoxy, 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylcarbonyl]ethoxy,1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylcarbonyl]ethoxy, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonyl]propoxy, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylcarbonyl]butoxy,5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylcarbonyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonyl]ethoxy, and 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylcarbonyl]propoxy.

Examples of imidazolyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups include:

imidazolylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one to three phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

such as [(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methoxy, 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]ethoxy, 1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethoxy, 3-[(1-,2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]propoxy, 4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]butoxy, 5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]pentyloxy,6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 4-,or 5-)imidazolyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]propoxy, [1-benzyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methoxy,[1-(2-phenylethyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methoxy,2-[2-(3-phenylpropyl)-(1-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethoxy,3-[4-(4-phenylbutyl)-(1-, 2-, or 5-)imidazolyl]propoxy,5-[4-(5-phenylpentyl)-(1-, 2-, or 4-)imidazolyl]pentyloxy,6-[1-(6-phenylhexyloxy)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]hexyloxy,[1,2-dibenzyl-(4- or 5-)imidazolyl]methoxy, and[1,2,4-tribenzyl-5-imidazolyl]methoxy.

Examples of phenoxy lower alkoxy groups include phenoxyalkoxy groupswherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,such as phenoxymethoxy, 2-phenoxyethoxy, 1-phenoxyethoxy,3-phenoxypropoxy, 4-phenoxybutoxy, 5-phenoxypentyloxy,6-phenoxyhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenoxyethoxy, and2-methyl-3-phenoxypropoxy.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxy groups includephenylalkoxy-substituted alkoxy groups wherein each of the two alkoxymoieties is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, such asphenylmethoxymethoxy, 2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxy, 1-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxy,3-(phenylmethoxy)propoxy, 4-(phenylmethoxy)butoxy,5-(phenylmethoxy)pentyloxy, 6-(phenylmethoxy)hexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-(phenylmethoxy)propoxy,1-(2-phenylethoxy)ethoxy, 2-(1-phenylethoxy)ethoxy,3-(3-phenylpropoxy)propoxy, 4-(4-phenylbutoxy)butoxy,5-(5-phenylpentyloxy)pentyloxy, 6-(6-phenylhexyloxy)hexyloxy,(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy)methoxy, and3-(2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy)propoxy.

Examples of isoindolinyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted onthe isoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups include:

isoindolinylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the isoindolinering with one or two oxo groups;

such as [(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]methoxy, 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]ethoxy, 1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]ethoxy,3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]propoxy, 4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]butoxy, 5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]pentyloxy,6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-,4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]propoxy, 3-[1,3-dioxo-(2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]propoxy, [1-oxo-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)isoindolinyl]methoxy, 2-[1,3-dioxo-(1-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]ethoxy, 4-[1-oxo-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)isoindolinyl]butoxy, 5-[1,3-dioxo-(1-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]pentyloxy, and 6-[1-oxo-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)isoindolinyl]hexyloxy.

Examples of lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms include straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms, such as, inaddition to the above-described lower alkoxy groups, trifluoromethoxy,trichloromethoxy, chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, fluoromethoxy,iodomethoxy, difluoromethoxy, dibromomethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy,2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 3-chloropropoxy,2,3-dichloropropoxy, 4,4,4-trichlorobutoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy,5-chloropentyloxy, 3-chloro-2-methylpropoxy, 5-bromohexyloxy, and5,6-dibromohexyloxy.

Examples of lower alkanoyl groups include straight and branched C₁₋₆alkanoyl groups, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl,pentanoyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, and hexanoyl.

Examples of amino groups optionally substituted with one or more loweralkanoyl groups include amino groups optionally substituted with one ortwo straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups, such as amino,formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, isobutyrylamino,pentanoylamino, tert-butylcarbonylamino, hexanoylamino,N,N-diacetylamino, and N-acetyl-N-propionylamino.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with oneor more halogen atoms; a phenyl group; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; aphenoxy group; lower alkylthio groups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups;phenyl lower alkoxy groups; and amino groups optionally substituted withone or more lower alkanoyl groups include:

mono- and di-phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described halogen atoms; the above-described straight and branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three halogenatoms; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms; a phenyl group;the above-described alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; a phenoxy group, theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alylthio groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl groups; theabove-described phenylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; and the above-described aminogroups optionally substituted with one or two straight and/or branchedC₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups;

such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl,1,1-diphenylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl, 3,3-diphenylpropyl,1,2-diphenylethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl,3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 2,3-dichlorobenzyl,2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl,2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl, 4-tert-butylbenzyl,2,4-dimethylbenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylbenzyl,4-phenylbenzyl, 2,4-diphenylbenzyl, 2,4,6-triphenylbenzyl,2-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyl,4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl,4-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl,4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylbenzyl,2-n-propoxycarbonylbenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxycarbonylbenzyl,2,4,6-trimethoxycarbonylbenzyl, 4-tert-butoxycarbonylbenzyl,3-phenoxybenzyl, 2-phenoxybenzyl, 4-phenoxybenzyl, 3,4-diphenoxybenzyl,3,4,5-triphenoxybenzyl, 4-methylthiobenzyl, 3-methylthiobenzyl,2-methylthiobenzyl, 2,4-dimethylthiobenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylthiobenzyl,4-methylsulfonylbenzyl, 3-methylsulfonylbenzyl, 2-methylsulfonylbenzyl,3,4-dimethylsulfonylbenzyl, 3,4,5-trimethylsulfonylbenzyl,4-benzyloxybenzyl, 3-benzyloxybenzyl, 2-benzyloxybenzyl,2,4-dibenzyloxybenzyl, 2,4,6-tribenzyloxybenzyl,4-methoxy-3-chlorobenzyl, 4-(N-acetylamino)benzyl, 3-aminobenzyl,2-aminobenzyl, 4-aminobenzyl, 2,3-diaminobenzyl, 3,4,5-triaminobenzyl,and 4-methyl-3-fluorobenzyl.

Examples of naphthyl lower alkyl groups include naphthylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as [(1- or 2-)naphthyl]methyl, 1-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]ethyl, 2-[(1-or 2-)naphthyl]ethyl, 3-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]propyl, 2-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]propyl, 4-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]butyl, 5-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]pentyl, 4-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]pentyl, 6-[(1- or2-)naphthyl]hexyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]propyl, and1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1- or 2-)naphthyl]ethyl.

Examples of furyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the furanring with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include:

furylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the furan ring with one tothree alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;

such as [(2- or 3-)furyl]methyl, 2-[(2- or 3-)furyl]ethyl, 1-[(2- or3-)furyl]ethyl, 3-[(2- or 3-)furyl]propyl, 4-[(2- or 3-)furyl]butyl,5-[(2- or 3-)furyl]pentyl, 6-[(2- or 3-)furyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-or 3-)furyl]ethyl, 2-methyl-3-[(2- or 3-)furyl]propyl,[5-ethoxycarbonyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)furyl]methyl, [5-methoxycarbonyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)furyl]methyl, [2-n-propoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or5-)furyl]methyl, [3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methyl,[4-n-pentyloxycarbonyl-(2-, 3-, or 5-)furyl]methyl,[2-n-hexyloxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)furyl]methyl,[2,5-diethoxycarbonyl-(3- or 4-)furyl]methyl, and[2,4,5-triethoxycarbonyl-3-furyl]methyl.

Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more halogen atoms, include:

phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, each alkyl substituentoptionally being substituted with one to three above-described halogenatoms;

such as phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl,2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl,3-n-butylphenyl, 4-n-pentylphenyl, 4-n-hexylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl,3,4-diethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl,2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl,3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl,3,5-difluoromethylphenyl, 2,4,6-tri(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, and2-methyl-4-trifluoromethylphenyl.

Examples of thiazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thethiazole ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenylsubstituent optionally being substituted with one or more optionallyhalogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, include thiazolylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group.Such thiazoylalkyl groups include those optionally substituted on thethiazole ring with one or two members selected from the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and the above-described phenylgroups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to threestraight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, each alkyl substituent onthe phenyl substituent optionally further being substituted with one tothree halogen atoms. More specific examples of the thiazolyl lower alkylgroups are [(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, [2-methyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]methyl, [2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-[(4- or5-)thiazolyl]methyl, 2-[4-ethyl-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl,1-[5-(3-methylphenyl)-(2- or 4-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[5-isopropyl-(2- or4-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[2-n-butyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]pentyl,6-[4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyl,(2,4-dimethyl-5-thiazolyl)methyl,[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-thiazolyl]methyl, and(2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl)methyl.

Examples of tetrazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thetetrazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

tetrazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the tetrazole ringwith one or more straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups,

such as [(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]methyl, 2-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]ethyl,1-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]propyl, 4-[(1- or5-)tetrazolyl]butyl, 5-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(1- or5-)tetrazolyl]butyl, 5-(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)pentyl,6-(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)hexyl, (5-methyl-1-tetrazolyl)methyl,2-(5-ethyl-1-tetrazolyl)hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1- or5-)tetrazolyl]ethyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1- or 5-)tetrazolyl]propyl,(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)methyl, (1-ethyl-5-tetrazolyl)methyl,2-(1-n-propyl-5-tetrazolyl)ethyl, 1-(1-n-butyl-5-tetrazolyl)ethyl,3-(1-n-pentyl-5-tetrazolyl)propyl, 4-(1-n-hexyl-4-tetrazolyl)butyl,3-(5-isopropyl-1-tetrazolyl)propyl, 4-(5-sec-butyl-1-tetrazolyl)butyl,5-(5-isopentyl-1-tetrazolyl)pentyl, and 6-(5-n-hexyl-1-tetrazolyl)hexyl.

Examples of benzothienyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted onthe benzothiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

benzothienylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the benzothiophenering with one to three halogen atoms;

such as [(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)benzothienyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, 4-,5-, 6-, or 7-)benzothienyl]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]propyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]butyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]ethyl, 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]propyl, [5-chloro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]methyl, [4-bromo-(2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]methyl, [6-fluoro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or7-)benzothienyl]methyl, [7-iodo-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)benzothienyl]methyl, [2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]methyl, [4,5-dichloro-(2-, 3-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]methyl, [2,4,5-chloro-(3-, 6- or 7-)benzothienyl]methyl,2-[6-fluoro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 7-)benzothienyl]ethyl, 1-[7-iodo-(2-,3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)benzothienyl]ethyl, 3-[2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]propyl, 4-[4,5-dichloro-(2-, 3-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]butyl, 5-[2,4,5-trichloro-(3-, 6- or7-)benzothienyl]pentyl, and 6-[5-chloro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]hexyl.

Examples of lower alkynyl groups include C₂₋₆ straight and branchedalkynyl groups, such as ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl,1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-pentynyl, and 2-hexynyl.

Examples of lower alkenyl groups include straight and branched C₂₋₆alkenyl groups containing one to three double bonds, such as vinyl,1-propenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-propenyl,2-butenyl, 1-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-penthenyl, 1-penthenyl, 3-penthenyl,4-penthenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, 2-penten-4-yl, 2-hexenyl,1-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyl,2-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1,3,5-hexatrienyl, 1,3-hexadienyl, and1,4-hexadienyl.

Examples of benzoimidazolyl lower alkyl groups includebenzoimidazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as [(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)benzoimidazolyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)benzoimidazolyl]ethyl,1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)benzoimidazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)benzoimidazolyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)benzoimidazolyl]butyl,5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)benzoimidazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)benzoimidazolyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)benzoimidazolyl]ethyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)benzoimidazolyl]propyl.

Examples of pyridyl lower alkyl groups include pyridylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as [(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethyl,1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propyl,4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]butyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]ethyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]hexyl, 1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]isopropyl, and2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propyl.

Examples of imidazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups include:

imidazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one to three above-described phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkylmoiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

such as [(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-,4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]hexyl, 1-[(1-,2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]isopropyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]propyl, [1-benzyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-(2-phenylethyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-(1-phenylethyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-(3-phenylpropyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-(4-phenylbutyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-(5-phenylpentyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-(6-phenylhexyl)-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, 2-[2-benzyl-(1-,4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 1-[4-(4-phenylethyl)-(1- or2-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 3-[2-(2-phenylethyl)-(1-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]methyl, 4-[1-(3-phenylpropyl)-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]butyl, 5-[1-(4-phenylbutyl)-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]pentyl, 6-[1-(5-phenylpentyl)-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]hexyl, [1,2-dibenzyl-(4- or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, and(1,2,4-tribenzyl-5-imidazolyl)methyl.

Examples of lower alkylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted with oneor more halogen atoms include straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylgroups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms, such as,in addition to the above-described lower alkylsulfonyl groups,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trichloromethylsulfonyl, chloromethylsulfonyl,bromomethylsulfonyl, fluoromethylsulfonyl, iodomethylsulfonyl,difluoromethylsulfonyl, dibromomethylsulfonyl, 2-chloroethylsulfonyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethylsulfonyl,3-chloropropylsulfonyl, 2,3-dichloropropylsulfonyl,4,4,4-trichlorobutylsulfonyl, 4-fluorobutylsulfonyl,5-chloropentylsulfonyl, 3-chloro-2-methylpropylsulfonyl,5-bromohexylsulfonyl, and 5,6-dibromohexylsulfonyl.

Examples of alkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms include:

alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy group, optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms;

such as, in addition to the above-described lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,n-heptyloxycarbonyl, n-octyloxycarbonyl, n-nonyloxycarbonyl,n-decyloxycarbonyl, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl, trifluoromethoxycarbonyl,trichloromethoxycarbonyl, chloromethoxycarbonyl, bromomethoxycarbonyl,fluoromethoxycarbonyl, iodomethoxycarbonyl, difluoromethoxycarbonyl,dibromomethoxycarbonyl, 2-chloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-fluoroethoxycarbonyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl,3-chloropropoxycarbonyl, 2,3-dichloropropoxycarbonyl,4,4,4-trichlorobutoxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobutoxycarbonyl,4-chlorobutoxycarbonyl, 5-chloropentyloxycarbonyl,3-chloro-2-methylpropoxycarbonyl, 5-bromohexyloxycarbonyl,5,6-dibromohexyloxycarbonyl, 7,7,6-trichloroheptyloxycarbonyl,8-bromooctyloxycarbonyl, 9,9,9-trifluorononyloxycarbonyl, and10,10,10-trichlorodecyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of pyridylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of pyrrolyl groups and halogen atoms include:

pyridylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of pyrrolylgroups and halogen atoms;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2,6-dichloro-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl,2-(1-pyrrolyl)-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2-bromo-(3-, 4-, 5-,or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2,6-difluoro-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl,4-(1-pyrrolyl)-(2- or 3-)pyridylcarbonyl, 3-chloro-(2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2,5-dibromo-(3-, 4-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl,2-(1-pyrrolyl)-4-chloro-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl,2,4,6-trifluoro-(3- or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl, and 2,4-di(1-pyrrolyl)-(3-,5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl.

Examples of pyridyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl groups and lower alkoxy groups include:

pyridyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and the above-described straightand branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl, 2-methyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,3-methyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 2-methoxy-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl, 4-ethyl-(2- or 3-)pyridyl, 3-n-propyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl, 2-tert-butyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 2-n-pentyl-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 3-n-hexyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,2,4-dimethyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 2,4,6-trimethyl-(3- or 5-)pyridyl,3-ethoxy-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 2-isopropoxy-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl, 2-n-butoxy-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 4-n-pentyloxy-(2- or3-)pyridyl, 2-n-hexyloxy-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 2,3-dimethoxy-(4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 3-methyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,3,4,5-trimethoxy-(2- or 6-)pyridyl, and 2-methyl-3-methoxy-(4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl.

Examples of amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups:

include amino groups optionally substituted with one or two membersselected from the group consisting of straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups and straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups;

such as amino, methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino,n-butylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexylamino,dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, di-n-butylamino,di-n-pentylamino, di-n-hexylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino,N-ethyl-N-n-propylamino, N-methyl-N-n-butylamino,N-methyl-N-n-hexylamino, formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino,butyrylamino, isobutyrylamino, pentanoylamino, tert-butylcarbonylamino,hexanoylamino, N,N-diacetylamino, N-acetyl-N-propionylamino,N-methyl-N-acetylamino, and N-ethyl-N-propionylamino.

Examples of pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups include pyrrolidinyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or two oxo groups, such as (1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, and2,5-dioxo-(1- or 3-)pyrrolidinyl.

Examples of piperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more lower alkyl groups include piperidinyl groupsoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as (1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl, 1-methyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-ethyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl, 1-n-propyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-isopropyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-n-butyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-n-pentyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-n-hexyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl, 1,2-dimethyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl,1,2,3-trimethyl-(4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 2-n-propyl-(1-, 3-, 4-, 5-or 6-)piperidinyl, 3-ethyl-(1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, and2-methyl-4-isopropyl-(1-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl.

Examples of carbamoyl groups optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl groups include carbamoyl groups optionally substituted withone or two straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such ascarbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, n-propylcarbamoyl,isopropylcarbamoyl, n-butylcarbamoyl, tert-butylcarbamoyl,n-pentylcarbamoyl, n-hexylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl,diethylcarbamoyl, di-n-propyl carbamoyl, di-n-butylcarbamoyl,di-n-pentylcarbamoyl, di-n-hexylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl,N-ethyl-N-n-propylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-n-butylcarbamoyl, andN-methyl-N-n-hexylcarbamoyl.

Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted with on the phenyl ringone or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a phenoxy group; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups; lower alkylsulfonylgroups; amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; piperidinyl groupsoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more loweralkyl groups; lower alkenyl groups; an aminosulfonyl group; a hydroxygroup; carbamoyl groups optionally substituted with one or more loweralkyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; and a cyano group include:

phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of the above-describedhalogen atoms; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms; a phenoxygroup; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylthio groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl groups; theabove-described amino groups optionally substituted with one or twomembers selected from the group consisting of straight and branched C₁₋₆alkyl groups and straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups; theabove-described pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or two oxo groups; the above-describedpiperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl groups containing oneto three double bonds; an aminosulfonyl group; a hydroxy group; theabove-described carbamoyl groups optionally substituted with one or twostraight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; the above-describedphenylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkoxy group; and a cyano group;

such as phenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, 3-phenoxyphenyl, 2-phenoxyphenyl,4-isopropylphenyl, 3-isopropylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl,4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-methylphenyl,2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl,2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-methyl-3-methoxyphenyl,4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl,2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-methyl-3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl,3-chlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl,4-fluorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl,3,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl,3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-5-fluorophenyl,3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl,3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,2-methoxyphenyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl,2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl,2-methoxy-5-acetylaminophenyl, 2-chloro-5-acetylaminophenyl,4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl,2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl,4-methylthiophenyl, 3-methylthiophenyl, 2-methylthiophenyl,2-(1-methyl-1-vinyl)phenyl, 4-vinylphenyl, 3-dimethylaminophenyl,4-methylaminophenyl, 2-(N-methyl-N-acetylamino)phenyl,3-acetylaminophenyl, 4-propionylaminophenyl, 4-acetylaminophenyl,2-acetylaminophenyl, 4-aminosulfonylphenyl, 3-aminosulfonylphenyl,2-aminosulfonylphenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 3-methylthiophenyl,2-methylthiophenyl, 4-methylsulfonylphenyl, 3-methylsulfonylphenyl,2-methylsulfonylphenyl, 4-methylcarbamoylphenyl, 3-carbamoylphenyl,2-ethylcarbamoylphenyl, 2-benzyloxyphenyl, 3-benzyloxyphenyl,4-benzyloxyphenyl, 2-phenylphenyl, 3-phenylphenyl, 4-phenylphenyl,2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-[2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinyl]phenyl, 3-[2,5-dioxo-(1- or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]phenyl,4-[4-methyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl]phenyl, 3-[4-ethyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl]phenyl, and 2-[4-isopropyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperazinyl]phenyl.

Examples of cycloalkyl groups optionally substituted on the cycloalkylring with one or more lower alkyl groups include C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groupsoptionally substituted on the cycloalkyl ring with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as, in addition to theabove-described cycloalkyl groups, 1-methylcyclopropyl,1-methylcyclopentyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclohexyl,1-methylcyclobutyl, 1-ethylcyclooctyl, 1-n-propylcycloheptyl,1,2-dimethylcyclohexyl, 1,4,5-trimethylcyclooctyl, 1-n-butylcyclopropyl,1-n-pentylcyclopentyl, and 1-n-hexylcyclohexyl.

Examples of amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and lower alkylgroups include:

amino groups optionally substituted with one or two members selectedfrom the group consisting of a phenyl group and straight and branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as amino, methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino,n-butylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexylamino,dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, di-n-butylamino,di-n-pentylamino, di-n-hexylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino,N-ethyl-N-n-propylamino, N-methyl-N-n-butylamino,N-methyl-N-n-hexylamino, phenylamino, N,N-diphenylamino,N-methyl-N-phenylamino, N-ethyl-N-phenylamino, andN-n-propyl-N-phenylamino.

Examples of benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of halogenatoms; a phenoxy group; a phenyl group; lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups; loweralkanoyl groups; a nitro group; a cyano group; amino groups optionallysubstituted with one or more members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl group and lower alkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionallysubstituted on the pyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups;pyrrolyl groups; pyrazolyl groups; 1,2,4-triazolyl groups; andimidazolyl groups include:

benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; aphenoxy group; a phenyl group; the above-described straight and branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three halogenatoms; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups; a nitrogroup; a cyano group; the above-described amino groups optionallysubstituted with one or two members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl group and straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; theabove-described pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or two oxo groups; pyrrolyl groups; pyrazolylgroups; 1,2,4-triazolyl groups; and imidazolyl groups;

such as benzoyl, 4-methoxybenzoyl, 3-methoxybenzoyl, 2-methoxybenzoyl,2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl,2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzoyl, 4-phenoxybenzoyl, 2-phenoxybenzoyl,3-phenoxybenzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, 3-chlorobenzoyl, 2-chlorobenzoyl,2,6-dichlorobenzoyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoyl, 2,4,6-trifluorobenzoyl,4-bromobenzoyl, 3-fluorobenzoyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl,3-trifluoromethylbenzoyl, 2-trifluoromethylbenzoyl,3-fluoro-2-methylbenzoyl, 4-methylbenzoyl, 3-methylbenzoyl,2-methylbenzoyl, 3,4-dimethylbenzoyl, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzoyl,2-phenylbenzoyl, 3-phenylbenzoyl, 4-phenylbenzoyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl,3-nitrobenzoyl, 2-nitrobenzoyl, 2-dimethylaminobenzoyl,3-methylaminobenzoyl, 4-(N-methylanilino)benzoyl, 2-anilinobenzoyl,3-cyanobenzoyl, 4-cyanobenzoyl, 2-cyanobenzoyl, 4-acetylbenzoyl,2-propionylbenzoyl, 3-butyrylbenzoyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolyl]benzoyl, 4-[(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolyl]benzoyl, 4-[(1-, 3-or 5-)1,2,4-triazolylibenzoyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]benzoyl,and 4-[2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl]benzoyl.

Examples of lower alkylenedioxy groups include straight and branchedC₁₋₄ alkylene groups, such as methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy,trimethylenedioxy, and tetramethylenedioxy.

Examples of benzoyl groups substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore lower alkylenedioxy groups include:

benzoyl groups substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more of theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₄ alkylenedioxy groups;

such as 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl, 2,3-ethylenedioxybenzoyl,3,4-trimethylenedioxybenzoyl, and 2,3-tetramethylenedioxybenzoyl.

Examples of cycloalkylcarbonyl groups include cycloalkylcarbonyl groupswherein the cycloalkyl moiety is a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, such ascyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl,cyclohexylcarbonyl, cycloheptylcarbonyl, and cyclooctylcarbonyl.

Examples of furylcarbonyl groups include (2- or 3-)furylcarbonyl.

Examples of naphthylcarbonyl groups include (1- or 2-)naphthylcarbonyl.

Examples of phenoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkoxy groups, lower alkyl groups, halogen atoms, and a nitrogroup include:

phenoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups, theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, halogen atoms,and a nitro group;

such as phenoxycarbonyl, 4-chlorophenoxycarbonyl,3-chlorophenoxycarbonyl, 2-chlorophenoxycarbonyl,3,4-dichlorophenoxycarbonyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxycarbonyl,4-fluorophenoxycarbonyl, 3-fluorophenoxycarbonyl,2-fluorophenoxycarbonyl, 2,4-difluorophenoxycarbonyl,3,4,5-trifluorophenoxycarbonyl, 4-bromophenoxycarbonyl,2-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxycarbonyl,4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 3-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl,2-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenoxycarbonyl,2,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 4-methylphenoxycarbonyl,3-methylphenoxycarbonyl, 2-methylphenoxycarbonyl,2,5-dimethylphenoxycarbonyl, 2,3,4-trimethylphenoxycarbonyl,4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl, 3-nitrophenoxycarbonyl, 2-nitrophenoxycarbonyl,2,4-dinitrophenoxycarbonyl, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxycarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted onthe phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms and a nitro group include:

phenylalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogenatoms and a nitro group;

such as benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-phenylethoxycarbonyl,1-phenylethoxycarbonyl, 3-phenylpropoxycarbonyl, 4-phenylbutoxycarbonyl,5-phenylpentyloxycarbonyl, 6-phenylhexyloxycarbonyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxycarbonyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxycarbonyl,4-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl,2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl,2,4,6-trichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl,3-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl,2,4-difluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4,5-trifluorobenzyloxycarbonyl,4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl,3-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl,2,4-dinitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, and2-nitro-4-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of piperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; benzoyl groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms; andphenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or morehalogen atoms include:

piperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups; theabove-described benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three halogen atoms; and the above-described phenyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogenatoms;

such as (1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-methyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl, 1-acetyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-benzoyl-(2-, 3-,or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(3-bromobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-benzoyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl, 1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(2,4-dichloro benzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzoyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,2-(3-chlorobenzoyl)-(1-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-(1-,2-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 4-(2,3-dibromobenzoyl)-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperidinyl, 1,2-dibenzoyl-(3- or 4-)piperidinyl,1,2,4-tribenzoyl-3-piperidinyl, 1,4-dimethyl-(2-, 3-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl, 1,2,4-trimethyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl,1-benzoyl-2-methyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl,1-phenyl-2-methyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 1-acetyl-3-methyl-(2-,4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 1-phenyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(4-chlorophenyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-(3-bromophenyl)-(2-,3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-(4-iodophenyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(4-fluorophenyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,1-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl,2-(3-chlorophenyl)-(1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl,3-(2-chlorophenyl)-(1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl,4-(2,3-dibromophenyl)-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 1,2-diphenyl-(3-, 4-,5- or 6-)piperidinyl, and 1,2,4-triphenyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl.

Examples of tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl groups includetetrahydropyranylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as [(2-, 3-, or4-)tetrahydropyranyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]ethyl,1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)tetrahydropyranyl]propyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]ethyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or4-)tetrahydropyranyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]hexyl,1-[(2-, 3- or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]isopropyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-,or 4-)tetrahydropyranyl]propyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thealkyl group with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; and optionallyfurther substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and ahydroxy group include:

mono- and di-phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the alkyl groupwith one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moietyis a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; and optionally furthersubstituted on the phenyl group with one to three members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms, the above-described straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms, the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms, and ahydroxy group;

such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl,1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylmethyl, 1,1-diphenylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl,3,3-diphenylpropyl, 1,2-diphenylethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl,3-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl,2,3-dichlorobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, 2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl,2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl,2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl,4-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl,4-tert-butylbenzyl, 2,4-dimethylbenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl,2-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyl,4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl,4-methoxybenzyl, 4-ethoxybenzy, 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl,3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl,3-hydroxybenzyl, 2-hydroxybenzyl, 2,4-dihydroxybenzyl,3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl, 2-methoxy-4-chlorobenzyl,3-methyl-5-fluorobenzyl, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxycarbonylethyl, and2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxycarbonylethyl.

Examples of lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl lower alkyl groupsinclude:

alkylenedioxy-substituted phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety isa straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more of the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₄alkylenedioxy groups;

such as 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl, 3,4-trimethylenedioxybenzyl,2-(2,3-ethylenedioxyphenyl)ethyl, 1-(3,4-trimethylenedioxyphenyl)ethyl,3-(2,3-tetramethylenedioxyphenyl)propyl,4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)butyl, 5-(2,3-ethylenedioxyphenyl)pentyl,6-(3,4-trimethylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)ethyl, and2-methyl-3-(3,4-ethylenedioxyphenyl)propyl.

Examples of furyl lower alkyl groups include furylalkyl groups whereinthe alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as[(2- or 3-)furyl]methyl, 2-[(2- or 3-)furyl]ethyl, 1-[(2- or3-)furyl]ethyl, 3-[(2- or 3-)furyl]propyl, 4-[(2- or 3-)furyl]butyl,5-[(2- or 3-)furyl]pentyl, 6-[(2- or 3-)furyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-or 3-)furyl]ethyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(2- or 3-)furyl]propyl.

Examples of carbamoyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groupsand a phenyl group, each phenyl substituent optionally being substitutedon the phenyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, include:

carbamoylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or two membersselected from the group consisting of the above-described straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and the above-described phenyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as carbamoylmethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 1-carbamoylethyl,3-carbamoylpropyl, 4-carbamoylbutyl, 5-carbamoylpentyl,6-carbamoylhexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-carbamoylethyl,2-methyl-3-carbamoylpropyl, 2-(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)ethyl,N-(4-methylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl,2-[N-methyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyl,N-(2-methylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl,2-[N-ethyl-N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyl,N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl,N,N-diphenylcarbamoylmethyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl,N-methylcarbamoylmethyl, and 2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl.

Examples of imidazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thelower alkyl group with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of a carbamoyl group and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include:

imidazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the lower alkylgroup with one or more members selected from the group consisting of acarbamoyl group and alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;

such as, in addition to the above-described imidazolyl lower alkylgroups, 1-carbamoyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl,1-methoxycarbonyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl,1-carbamoyl-1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,1-carbamoyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]propyl,1-n-propoxycarbonyl-4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]butyl,1-carbamoyl-5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]pentyl, and1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]hexyl.

Examples of amino-substituted lower alkyl groups optionally substitutedon each amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

amino-substituted straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionallysubstituted on the amino group with one or two straight and/or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl,4-aminobutyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-aminoethyl,2-methyl-3-aminopropyl, methylaminomethyl, 2-ethylaminoethyl,3-n-propylaminopropyl, 3-isopropylaminopropyl, 4-n-butylaminobutyl,5-n-pentylaminopentyl, 6-n-hexylaminohexyl, dimethylaminoethyl,2-diisopropylaminopropyl, 3-diisopropylaminopropyl,(N-ethyl-N-n-propylamino)methyl, and 2-(N-methyl-N-n-hexylamino)methyl.

Examples of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl groups optionally substituted on the2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran ring with one or more oxo groups include:

2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl groups optionally substituted on the2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran ring with one or two oxo groups;

such as (2- or 3-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl, 2-oxo-(3-, 4-, or5-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl, 3-oxo-(2-, 4-, or5-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl, and 2,5-dioxo-(3- or4-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl.

Examples of pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted onthe pyrrolidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

pyrrolidinylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one to three above-described straight and/or branched C₁₋₆alkyl groups;

such as [(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-,or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]butyl, 5-[(1-,2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-,or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]propyl, 1-ethyl-[(2- or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl,1-ethyl-[(2- or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, 2-methyl-[(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, 3-n-propyl-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, 1-n-butyl-[(2- or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl,2-n-pentyl-[(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, 1-n-hexyl-[(2- or3-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, 1,2-dimethyl-[(3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl, and 1,2,3-trimethyl-[(4- or5-)pyrrolidinyl]methyl.

Examples of phenoxy lower alkanoyl groups include phenoxyalkanoyl groupswherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkanoylgroup, such as 2-phenoxyacetyl, 3-phenoxypropionyl, 2-phenoxypropionyl,4-phenoxybutyryl, 5-phenoxypentanoyl, 6-phenoxyhexanoyl,2,2-dimethyl-3-phenoxypropionyl, and 2-methyl-3-phenoxypropionyl.

Examples of morpholino lower alkyl groups include morpholinoalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as [(2-, 3-, or 4-)morpholino]methyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)morpholino]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)morpholino]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)morpholino]propyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)morpholino]butyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or4-)morpholino]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)morpholino]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)morpholino]ethyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(2-,3-, or 4-)morpholino]propyl.

Examples of pyridyl lower alkanoyl groups include pyridylalkanoyl groupswherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkanoylgroup, such as 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]acetyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]propionyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propionyl, 4-[(2-, 3-,or 4-)pyridyl]butyryl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]pentanoyl, 6-[(2-, 3-,or 4-)pyridyl]hexanoyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]propionyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propionyl.

Examples of thienylcarbonyl groups include 2-thienylcarbonyl and3-thienylcarbonyl.

Examples of thienyl lower alkanoyl groups include thienylalkanoyl groupswherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkanoylgroup, such as 2-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]acetyl, 3-[(2- or3-)thienyl]propionyl, 2-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propionyl, 4-[(2- or3-)thienyl]butyryl, 5-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]pentanoyl, 6-[(2- or3-)thienyl]hexanoyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propionyl, and2-methyl-3-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propionyl.

Examples of cycloalkyl lower alkanoyl groups include C₃₋₈cycloalkylalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, such as 2-cyclopropylacetyl,2-cyclohexylacetyl, 3-cyclopropylpropionyl, 2-cyclobutylpropionyl,2-cyclopentylacetyl, 3-cyclopentylpropionyl, 4-cyclohexylbutyryl,5-cycloheptylpentanoyl, 6-cyclooctylhexanoyl,2,2-dimethyl-3-cyclohexylpropionyl, and 2-methyl-3-cyclopropylpropionyl.

Examples of isoxazolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on theisoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups includeisoxazoylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the isoxazole ringwith one or two straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as (3-,4-, or 5-)isoxazolylcarbonyl, [3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl]carbonyl,[3-ethyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl]carbonyl, [4-n-propyl-(3- or5-)isoxazolyl]carbonyl, [5-n-butyl-(3- or 4-)isoxazolyl]carbonyl,[3-n-pentyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl]carbonyl, and [4-n-hexyl-(3- or5-)isoxazolyl]carbonyl.

Examples of pyrazylcarbonyl groups include 2-pyrazylcarbonyl.

Examples of piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of a benzoyl group and lower alkanoyl groups include:

piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of abenzoyl group and the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆alkanoyl groups;

such as (1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, [1-acetyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]carbonyl, [1-benzoyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]carbonyl,[2-propionyl-(1-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl]carbonyl, [3-butyryl-(1-,2-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl]carbonyl, [4-pentanoyl-(1-, 2-, or3-)piperidinyl]carbonyl, [1-hexanoyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]carbonyl, [1-acetyl-4-benzoyl-(2-, 3-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]carbonyl, and [1,2,4-triacetyl-(3-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl]carbonyl.

Examples of chromanylcarbonyl groups include 2-chromanylcarbonyl,3-chromanylcarbonyl, 4-chromanylcarbonyl, 5-chromanylcarbonyl,6-chromanylcarbonyl, 7-chromanylcarbonyl, and 8-chromanylcarbonyl.

Examples of isoindolinyl lower alkanoyl groups optionally substituted onthe isoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups include:

isoindolinyl lower alkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is astraight or branched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, optionally substituted on theisoindoline ring with one or two oxo groups;

such as 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]acetyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]propionyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]propionyl,4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]butyryl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)isoindolinyl]pentanoyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]hexanoyl,2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]propionyl,2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]propionyl, [1,3-dioxo-2-(2-,4-, or 5-)isoindolinyl]acetyl, and [1-oxo-2-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)isoindolinyl]acetyl.

Examples of thiazolidinyl lower alkanoyl groups optionally substitutedon the thiazolidine ring with one or more members selected from thegroup consisting of an oxo group and a thioxo group include:

thiazolidinylalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straightor branched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, optionally substituted on thethiazolidine ring with one or two members selected from the groupconsisting of an oxo group and a thioxo group;

such as 2-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolidinyl]acetyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinyl]propionyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinyl]propionyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolidinyl]butyryl,5-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolidinyl]pentanoyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinyl]hexanoyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinyl]propionyl, 2-methyl-3-[(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinyl]propionyl, [2-thioxo-4-oxo-2-(3- or5-)thiazolidinyl]acetyl, [2-thioxo-2-(3-, 4-, or5-)thiazolidinyl]acetyl, [2-oxo-2-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolidinyl]acetyl,[2,4-dithioxo-2-(3- or 5-)thiazolidinyl]acetyl, and [2,4-dioxo-2-(3- or5-)thiazolidinyl]acetyl.

Examples of piperidinyl lower alkanoyl groups includepiperidinylalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, such as 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]acetyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]propionyl,2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]propionyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]butyryl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidinyl]pentanoyl,6-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl]hexanoyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-,or 4-)piperidinyl]propionyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl]propionyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl groups optionally substitutedon the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenylalkenylcarbonyl groups containing one to three double bondswherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group,optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogenatoms;

such as styrylcarbonyl (trivial name: cinnamoyl group),3-phenyl-2-propenylcarbonyl, 4-phenyl-2-butenylcarbonyl,4-phenyl-3-butenylcarbonyl, 5-phenyl-4-pentenylcarbonyl,5-phenyl-3-pentenylcarbonyl, 6-phenyl-5-hexenylcarbonyl,6-phenyl-4-hexenylcarbonyl, 6-phenyl-3-hexenylcarbonyl,4-phenyl-1,3-butadienylcarbonyl, 6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienylcarbonyl,2-chlorostyrylcarbonyl, 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenylcarbonyl,4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-butenylcarbonyl,4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-butenylcarbonyl,5-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-4-pentenylcarbonyl,5-(4-iodophenyl)-3-pentenylcarbonyl,6-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-hexenylcarbonyl,6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hexenylcarbonyl,6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexenylcarbonyl,4-(3-chloro-4-flubrophenyl)-1,3-butadienylcarbonyl, and6-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienylcarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl groups optionally substitutedon the phenyl ring with one or more lower alkylenedioxy groups include:

phenylalkenylcarbonyl groups containing one to three double bondswherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group,optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more of theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₄ alkylenedioxy groups;

such as 3,4-methylenedioxystyrylcarbonyl,3-(2,3-ethylenedioxyphenyl)-2-propenylcarbonyl,4-(3,4-trimethylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butenylcarbonyl,4-(2,3-tetramethylenedioxyphenyl)-3-butenylcarbonyl,5-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)-4-pentenylcarbonyl,5-(3,4-ethylenedioxyphenyl)-3-pentenylcarbonyl,6-(2,3-trimethylenedioxyphenyl)-5-hexenylcarbonyl,6-(3,4-tetramethylenedioxyphenyl)-4-hexenylcarbonyl,6-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-hexenylcarbonyl,4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1,3-butadienylcarbonyl, and6-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienylcarbonyl.

Examples of pyridyl lower alkenylcarbonyl groups includepyridylalkenylcarbonyl groups containing one to three double bondswherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group,such as 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]vinylcarbonyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]-2-propenylcarbonyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]-2-butenylcarbonyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]-3-butenylcarbonyl, 5-[(2-, 3- or 4-)pyridyl]-4-pentenylcarbonyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]-3-pentenylcarbonyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]-5-hexenylcarbonyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]-4-hexenylcarbonyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]-3-hexenylcarbonyl, 4-phenyl-1,3-butadienylcarbonyl, and6-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]-1,3,5-hexatrienylcarbonyl.

Examples of pyridylthio lower alkanoyl groups includepyridylthioalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, such as 2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylthio]acetyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylthiol]propionyl, 2-[(2-,3-, or 4-)pyridylthio]propionyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylthio]butyryl,5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylthio]pentanoyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylthio]hexanoyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylthiolpropionyl, and 2-methyl-3-[ (2-, 3-, or4-)pyridylthio]propionyl.

Examples of indolylcarbonyl groups include 1-indolylcarbonyl,2-indolylcarbonyl, 3-indolylcarbonyl, 4-indolylcarbonyl,5-1-ndolylcarbonyl, 6-indolylcarbonyl, and 7-indolylcarbonyl.

Examples of pyrrolylcarbonyl groups include 2-pyrrolylcarbonyl and3-pyrrolylcarbonyl.

Examples of pyrrolidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups includepyrrolidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one or two oxo groups, such as (1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, 2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl,3-oxo-(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl carbonyl, 2,5-dioxo-(1- or3-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, and 2,3-dioxo-(1-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinylcarbonyl.

Examples of benzofurylcarbonyl groups include 2-benzofurylcarbonyl,3-benzofurylcarbonyl, 4-benzofurylcarbonyl, 5-benzofurylcarbonyl,6-benzofurylcarbonyl, and 7-benzofurylcarbonyl.

Examples of indolyl lower alkanoyl groups include indolylalaanoyl groupswherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkanoylgroup, such as 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolyl]acetyl, 3-[(1-,2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolyl]propionyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-,or 7-)indolyl]propionyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)indolyl]butyryl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolyl]pentanoyl,6-[(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolyl]hexanoyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1-,2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolyl]propionyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-,3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)indolyl]propionyl.

Examples of benzothienylcarbonyl groups include 2-benzothienylcarbonyl,3-benzothienylcarbonyl, 4-benzothienylcarbonyl, 5-benzothienylcarbonyl,6-benzothienylcarbonyl, and 7-benzothienylcarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkanoyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenylalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three halogen atoms;

such as 2-phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl, 2-phenylpropionyl,4-phenylbutyryl, 5-phenylpentanoyl, 6-phenylhexanoyl,2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropionyl,2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetyl, 3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)propionyl,2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)butyryl,5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(2,6-difluorophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(2-chlorophenyl)acetyl, 3-(3-chlorophenyl)propionyl,2-(4-chlorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)propionyl,5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl, 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propionyl,2-(3-fluorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)butyryl,5-(3-bromophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(4-iodophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(2-bromophenyl)acetyl, 3-(4-bromophenyl)propionyl,2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2,4,6-trifluoro phenyl)butyryl,5-(3,4-difluorophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(2-iodophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(3-iodophenyl)acetyl, 3-(4-iodophenyl)propionyl,2-(2,3-dibromophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2,4-diiodophenyl)butyryl, and2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)acetyl.

Examples of phenylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkoxycarbonyl groups; a cyano group; a nitro group; amino groupsoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkanoyl groups; a hydroxygroup; a carboxyl group; lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl groups;halogen atoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; and lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms include:

phenylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneto five members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described lower alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety isa straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; a cyano group; a nitro group;the above-described amino groups optionally substituted with one or twostraight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups; a hydroxy group; acarboxyl group; the above-described alkoxycarbonylalkyl groups whereinthe alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and thealkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group; halogen atoms;the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; and the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionally substituted with oneto three halogen atoms;

such as phenylsulfonyl, 4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl,3-methoxyphenylsulfonyl, 2-methoxyphenylsulfonyl,2-trifluoromethoxyphenylsulfonyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenylsulfonyl,4-trifluoromethoxyphenylsulfonyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylsulfonyl,2,5-dimethoxyphenylsulfonyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenylsulfonyl,4-n-butoxyphenylsulfonyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorophenylsulfonyl,2-methoxy-5-methylphenylsulfonyl, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenylsulfonyl,4-chlorophenylsulfonyl, 3-chlorophenylsulfonyl, 2-chlorophenylsulfonyl,4-fluorophenylsulfonyl, 3-fluorophenylsulfonyl, 2-fluorophenylsulfonyl,4-bromophenylsulfonyl, 3-bromophenylsulfonyl, 2-bromophenylsulfonyl,2,6-dichlorophenylsulfonyl, 2,3-dichlorophenylsulfonyl,2,5-dichlorophenylsulfonyl, 2,4-dichlorophenylsulfonyl,3,4-dichlorophenylsulfonyl, 3,5-dichlorophenylsulfonyl,2-chloro-4-fluorophenylsulfonyl, 2-bromo-5-chlorophenylsulfonyl,2,5-difluorophenylsulfonyl, 2,4-difluorophenylsulfonyl,2,6-difluorophenylsulfonyl, 3,4-difluorophenylsulfonyl,2,4-dichloro-5-methylphenylsulfonyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenylsulfonyl,2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylsulfonyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenylsulfonyl,2-chloro-6-methylphenylsulfonyl, 2,4-dichloro-6-methylphenylsulfonyl,2-methyl-3-chlorophenylsulfonyl, 2-methyl-3-chlorophenylsulfonyl,4-methyl-3-chlorophenylsulfonyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenylsulfonyl,2-methyl-4-bromophenylsulfonyl, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenylsulfonyl,2,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenylsulfonyl, 2-methylphenylsulfonyl,3-methylphenylsulfonyl, 4-methylphenylsulfonyl,2,5-dimethylphenylsulfonyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenylsulfonyl,2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl, 4-tert-butylphenylsulfonyl,4-ethylphenylsulfonyl, 4-isopropylphenylsulfonyl,2-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonyl,4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonyl, 2-methoxycarbonylphenylsulfonyl,2-cyanophenylsulfonyl, 3-cyanophenylsulfonyl, 4-cyanophenylsulfonyl,3-nitrophenylsulfonyl, 2-nitrophenylsulfonyl, 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl,3-nitro-4-methylphenylsulfonyl, 3-nitro-6-methylphenylsulfonyl,3-nitro-6-chlorophenylsulfonyl, 2-chloro-4-cyanophenylsulfonyl,4-acetylaminophenylsulfonyl, 3-chloro-4-acetylaminophenylsulfonyl,2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenylsulfonyl, 2-hydroxyphenylsulfonyl,3-hydroxyphenylsulfonyl, 4-hydroxyphenylsulfonyl,2-nitro-4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl, 3-carboxyphenylsulfonyl,4-carboxyphenylsulfonyl, 2-carboxyphenylsulfonyl,4-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenylsulfonyl,3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylsulfonyl, 3-aminophenylsulfonyl,2-aminophenylsulfonyl, and 4-aminophenylsulfonyl.

Examples of thienylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on thethiophene ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include:

thienylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the thiophene ring withone to three members selected from halogen atoms and the above-describedalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;

such as (2- or 3-)thienylsulfonyl, [2-chloro-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]sulfonyl, [2,3-dichloro-(4- or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,[2,5-dichloro-(3- or 4-)thienyl]sulfonyl, [2-bromo-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]sulfonyl, [2-fluoro-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,(2,3,4-trichloro-5-thienyl)sulfonyl, [2-methoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]sulfonyl, [3-ethoxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,[3-n-propoxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,[2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,[2-n-pentyloxycarbonyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,[3-n-hexyloxycarbonyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl,[2,3-dimethoxycarbonyl-(4- or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl, and[2-chloro-3-methoxycarbonyl-(4- or 5-)thienyl]sulfonyl.

Examples of quinolylsulfonyl groups include 2-quinolylsulfonyl,3-quinolylsulfonyl, 4-quinolylsulfonyl, 5-quinolylsulfonyl,6-quinolylsulfonyl, 7-quinolylsulfonyl, and 8-quinolylsulfonyl.

Examples of imidazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups includeimidazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one to three above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups, such as (1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolylsulfonyl, [1-methyl-(2-,4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl, [2-ethyl-(1-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl, [1-isopropyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl,[4-n-butyl-(1-, 2-, or 5-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl, [5-n-pentyl-(1-, 2-, or4-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl, [1-n-hexyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl,[1,2-dimethyl-(4- or 5-)imidazolyl]sulfonyl, and(1,2,4-trimethyl-5-imidazolyl)sulfonyl.

Examples of phenylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more lower alkylenedioxy groups include phenylsulfonylgroups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more one tothree the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₄ alkylenedioxygroups, such as (3,4-ethylenedioxyphenyl)sulfonyl,(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)sulfonyl,(3,4-trimethylenedioxyphenyl)sulfonyl, and(2,3-tetramethylenedioxyphenyl)sulfonyl.

Examples of lower alkenylsulfonyl groups include straight and branchedC₂₋₆ alkenylsulfonyl groups containing one to three double bonds, suchas vinylsulfonyl, 1-propenylsulfonyl, 1-methyl-1-propenylsulfonyl,2-methyl-1-propenylsulfonyl, 2-propenylsulfonyl, 2-butenylsulfonyl,1-butenylsulfonyl, 3-butenylsulfonyl, 2-pentenylsulfonyl,1-pentenylsulfonyl, 3-pentenylsulfonyl, 4-pentenylsulfonyl,1,3-butadienylsulfonyl, 1,3-pentadienylsulfonyl,2-pentene-4-ynylsulfonyl, 2-hexenylsulfonyl, 1-hexenylsulfonyl,5-hexenylsulfonyl, 3-hexenylsulfonyl, 4-hexenylsulfonyl,3,3-dimethyl-1-propenylsulfonyl, 2-ethyl-1-propenylsulfonyl,1,3,5-hexatrienylsulfonyl, 1,3-hexadienylsulfonyl, and1,4-hexadienylsulfonyl.

Examples of cycloalkyl-substituted lower alkylsulfonyl groups includeC₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-substituted alkylsulfonyl groups wherein the alkylmoiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such ascyclopropylmethylsulfonyl, cyclohexylmethylsulfonyl,2-cyclopropylethylsulfonyl, 1-cyclobutylethylsulfonyl,cyclopentylmethylsulfonyl, 3-cyclopentylpropylsulfonyl,4-cyclohexylbutylsulfonyl, 5-cycloheptylpentylsulfonyl,6-cyclooctylhexylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-cyclohexylethylsulfonyl, and2-methyl-3-cyclopropylpropylsulfonyl.

Examples of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonyl groups optionallysubstituted on the 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine ring with one or morelower alkyl groups include 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonylgroups optionally substituted on the 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine ringwith one to three above-described straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups, such as (2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonyl, [4-methyl-(2-, 3-, 5-, 6-,7- or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl, [5-ethyl-(2-, 3-, 4-,6-, 7- or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl, [6-n-propyl-(2-,3-, 4-, 5-, 7- or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl,[7-n-butyl-(2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7- or8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl, [8-n-pentyl-(2-, 3-, 5-,6-, 7- or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl, [2-n-hexyl-(3-,4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl,[3-methyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl, [4,6-dimethyl-(2-, 3-, 5-,7- or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl, and[4,5,6-trimethyl-(2-, 3-, 7- or8-)3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl]sulfonyl.

Examples of pyrazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrazole ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups include:

pyrazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the pyrazole ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogenatoms and the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolylsulfonyl,(1,3-dimethyl-5-chloro-4-pyrazolyl)sulfonyl, [1-ethyl-(3-, 4-, or5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl, [3-n-propyl-(1-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl,[4-n-butyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl, [5-n-pentyl-(1-, 3-, or4-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl, [1-n-hexyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl,[1,3-dimethyl-(4- or 5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl,(1,3,5-trimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)sulfonyl, [3-bromo-(1-, 4-, or5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl, [4-fluoro-(1-, 3-, or 5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl,[5-iodo-(1-, 3-, or 4-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl, [3,4-dichloro-(1- or5-)pyrazolyl]sulfonyl, and (3,4,5-trichloro-4-pyrazolyl)sulfonyl.

Examples of isoxazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on theisoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups includeisoxazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the isoxazole ringwith one or two above-described straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups, such as (3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolylsulfonyl,(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)sulfonyl, [3-methyl-(4- or5-)isoxazolyl]sulfonyl, [3-ethyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl]sulfonyl,[4-n-propyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl]sulfonyl, [5-n-butyl-(3- or4-)isoxazolyl]sulfonyl, [3-n-pentyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl]sulfonyl, and[4-n-hexyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl]sulfonyl.

Examples of thiazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on thethiazole ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl groups and an amino group, each aminosubstituent optionally being substituted with one or more lower alkanoylgroups, include:

thiazolylsulfonyl groups optionally substituted on the thiazole ringwith one or two members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and theabove-described amino groups optionally substituted with one or twostraight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups;

such as (2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolylsulfonyl,(2-acetylamino-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl)sulfonyl, [2-ethyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [4-n-propyl-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl,[5-n-butyl-(2- or 4-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [2-n-pentyl-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [4-n-hexyl-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl,(2,4-dimethyl-5-thiazolyl)sulfonyl, [2-amino-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [2-formylamino-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl,[4-n-propionylamino-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [5-n-butyryl amino-(2-or 4-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [2-n-pentanoylamino-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl, [4-n-hexanoylamino-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl,(2,4-diacetyl-5-thiazolyl)sulfonyl, and [2-(N,N-diacetylamino)-(4- or5-)thiazolyl]sulfonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkylsulfonyl groups include mono- anddi-phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as benzylsulfonyl, 1-phenethylsulfonyl,2-phenethylsulfonyl, 3-phenylpropylsulfonyl, 2-phenylpropylsulfonyl,4-phenylbutylsulfonyl, 5-phenylpentylsulfonyl, 4-phenylpentylsulfonyl,6-phenylhexylsulfonyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropylsulfonyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylmethylsulfonyl,1,1-diphenylmethylsulfonyl, 2,2-diphenylethylsulfonyl,3,3-diphenylpropylsulfonyl, and 1,2-diphenylethylsulfonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkenylsulfonyl groups include:

phenylalkenylsulfonyl groups containing one to three double bondswherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group,optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogenatoms;

such as styrylsulfonyl, 3-phenyl-2-propenylsulfonyl,4-phenyl-2-butenylsulfonyl, 4-phenyl-3-butenylsulfonyl,5-phenyl-4-pentenylsulfonyl, 5-phenyl-3-pentenylsulfonyl,6-phenyl-5-hexenylsulfonyl, 6-phenyl-4-hexenylsulfonyl,6-phenyl-3-hexenylsulfonyl, 4-phenyl-1,3-butadienylsulfonyl,6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienylsulfonyl, 2-chlorostyrylsulfonyl,3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenylsulfonyl,4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-butenylsulfonyl,4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-butenylsulfonyl,5-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-4-pentenylsulfonyl,5-(4-iodophenyl)-3-pentenylsulfonyl,6-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-hexenylsulfonyl,6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hexenylsulfonyl,6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexenylsulfonyl,4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-butadienylsulfonyl, and6-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienylsulfonyl.

Examples of naphthyloxycarbonyl groups include 1-naphthyloxycarbonyl and2-naphthyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of lower alkynyloxycarbonyl groups include alkynyloxycarbonylgroups wherein the alkynyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkynylgroup, such as ethynyloxycarbonyl, 2-propynyloxycarbonyl,2-butynyloxycarbonyl, 3-butynyloxycarbonyl,1-methyl-2-propynyloxycarbonyl, 2-pentynyloxycarbonyl, and2-hexynyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of lower alkenyloxycarbonyl groups include alkenyloxycarbonylgroups containing one to three double bonds wherein the alkenyl moietyis a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, such as vinyloxycarbonyl,1-propenyloxycarbonyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyloxycarbonyl,2-methyl-1-propenyloxycarbonyl, 2-propenyloxycarbonyl,2-butenyloxycarbonyl, 1-butenyloxycarbonyl, 3-butenyloxycarbonyl,2-pentenyloxycarbonyl, 1-pentenyloxycarbonyl, 3-pentenyloxycarbonyl,4-pentenyloxycarbonyl, 1,3-butadienyloxycarbonyl,1,3-pentadienyloxycarbonyl, 2-pentene-4-ynyloxycarbonyl,2-hexenyloxycarbonyl, 1-hexenyloxycarbonyl, 5-hexenyloxycarbonyl,3-hexenyloxycarbonyl, 4-hexenyloxycarbonyl,3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyloxycarbonyl, 2-ethyl-1-propenyloxycarbonyl,1,3,5-hexatrienyloxycarbonyl, 1,3-hexadienyloxycarbonyl, and1,4-hexadienyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl groupsinclude phenylalkoxy-substituted alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein each ofthe two alkoxy moieties is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,such as phenylmethoxymethoxycarbonyl, 2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl,1-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl, 3-(phenylmethoxy)propoxycarbonyl,4-(phenylmethoxy)butoxycarbonyl, 5-(phenylmethoxy)pentyloxycarbonyl,6-(phenylmethoxy)hexyloxycarbonyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl,2-methyl-3-(phenylmethoxy)propoxycarbonyl,1-(2-phenylethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(1-phenylethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl,3-(3-phenylpropoxy)propoxy carbonyl, 4-(4-phenylbutoxy)butoxycarbonyl,5-(5-phenylpentyloxy)pentyloxycarbonyl,6-(6-phenylhexyloxy)hexyloxycarbonyl,(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy)methoxycarbonyl, and3-(2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy)propoxycarbonyl.

Examples of cycloalkyloxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thecycloalkyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

cycloalkyloxycarbonyl groups wherein the cycloalkoxy moiety is a C₃₋₈cycloalkoxy group, optionally substituted on the cycloalkyl ring withone to three above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as cyclopropyloxycarbonyl, cyclobutyloxycarbonyl,cyclopentyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl, cycloheptyloxycarbonyl,cyclooctyloxycarbonyl, 3-methyl-6-isopropylcyclohexyloxycarbonyl,2-ethylcyclopropyloxycarbonyl, 2-n-propylcyclobutyloxycarbonyl,3-n-butylcycloheptyloxycarbonyl, 3-n-pentylcyclooctyloxydarbonyl,2-methylcyclopentyloxycarbonyl, and2,3,6-trimethylcyclohexyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of isoxazolyl groups optionally substituted on the isoxazolering with one or more lower alkyl groups include isoxazolyl groupsoptionally substituted on the isoxazole ring with one or two straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as (3-, 4-, or 5-)isoxazolyl,5-methyl-(3- or 4-)isoxazolyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl, 3-ethyl-(4- or5-)isoxazolyl, 4-n-propyl-(3- or 5-)isoxazolyl, 5-n-butyl-(3- or4-)isoxazolyl, 3-n-pentyl-(4- or 5-)isoxazolyl and 4-n-hexyl-(3- or5-)isoxazolyl.

Examples of 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic rings formed from R⁶and R⁷ being linked together, together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are bound, the heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or moreadditional heteroatoms, include:

5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic rings formed from R⁶ and R⁷being linked together, together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebound, the heterocyclic group optionally containing one or moreadditional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur atom, and nitrogenatom;

such as pyrrolidine, piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine,homopiperazine, homopiperidine, imidazolidine, thiazolidine,isothiazolidine, oxazolidine, isoxazolidine, isothiazolidine, andpyrazolidine.

Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; a cyano group; and a hydroxy group include:

phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneto three halogen atoms; a cyano group; and a hydroxy group;

such as phenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 3-isopropylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl,4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-methylphenyl,2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl,2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-methyl-3-methoxyphenyl,4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl,2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-methyl-3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl,3-chlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl,4-fluorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl,3,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl,3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-5-fluorophenyl,3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl,3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,2-methoxyphenyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl,2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl,4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl,2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethyl phenyl,2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

mono- and di-phenylalkyl groups wherein the alyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on each phenyl ringwith one to three halogen atoms;

such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl,1,1-diphenylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl, 3,3-diphenylpropyl,1,2-diphenylethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl,2-fluorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 2,3-dichlorobenzyl, and2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree halogen atoms;

such as benzyloxy, 2-phenylethoxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-phenylpropoxy,4-phenylbutoxy, 5-phenylpentyloxy, 6-phenylhexyloxy,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy,4-chlorobenzyloxy, 2-chlorobenzyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy,2-fluorobenzyloxy, 3-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorobenzyloxy,2,4-dibromobenzyloxy, and 2,4,6-trifluorobenzyloxy.

Examples of carbamoyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of phenyl group andlower alkyl groups include:

carbamoylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or two membersselected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as carbamoylmethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 1-carbamoylethyl,3-carbamoylpropyl, 4-carbamoylbutyl, 5-carbamoylpentyl,6-carbamoylhexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-carbamoylethyl,2-methyl-3-carbamoylpropyl, 2-(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)ethyl,N-phenylcarbamoylmethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)ethyl,3-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)propyl, 2-(N-ethyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)ethyl,N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl,N-methylcarbamoylmethyl, and 2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkylidene groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenylalkylidene groups wherein the alkylidene moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkylidene group, optionally substituted on the phenylring with one to three halogen atoms;

such as phenylmethylidene, phenylethylidene, phenylpropylidene,phenylisopropylidene, phenylbutylidene, phenylpentylidene,phenylhexylidene, 2-chlorophenylmethylidene, 3-chlorophenylmethylidene,4-chlorophenylmethylidene, 2-fluorophenylmethylidene,3-fluorophenylmethylidene, 4-fluorophenylmethylidene,2-bromophenylmethylidene, 3-bromophenylmethylidene,4-bromophenylmethylidene, 2-iodophenylmethylidene,2,3-dichlorophenylmethylidene, 2,4-difluorophenylmethylidene,2,4,6-trichlorophenylmethylidene, 2,3,5-trifluorophenylmethylidene, and2-fluoro-4-chlorophenylmethylidene.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups includephenylalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, such as benzyloxycarbonyl,2-phenylethoxycarbonyl, 1-phenylethoxycarbonyl, 3-phenylpropoxycarbonyl, 4-phenylbutoxycarbonyl, 5-phenylpentyloxycarbonyl,6-phenylhexyloxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxycarbonyl, and2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxycarbonyl.

Examples of pyridyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of a cyanogroup and lower alkyl groups include;

pyridyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of a cyano group andthe above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl, 2-methyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,3-methyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 4-methyl-(2- or 3-)pyridyl,2-cyano-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl, 3-cyano-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,4-cyano-(2- or 3-)pyridyl, 2,3-dimethyl-(4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,3,4,5-trimethyl-(2- or 6-)pyridyl, 2,4-dicyano-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl,2,4,5-tricyano-(3- or 6-)pyridyl, and 2-methyl-4-cyano-(3-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl.

Examples of 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl groups include1,3-dioxolanylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as [(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]methyl,2-[(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]ethyl, 1-[(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]ethyl,3-[(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]propyl, 4-[(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]ethyl, 5-[(2- or4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]pentyl, 6-[(2- or 4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]hexyl, 1-[(2- or4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]isopropyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, or4-)1,3-dioxolanyl]propyl.

Examples of 5- to 8-membered saturated heterocyclic rings formed from R⁸and R⁹ being linked together, together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are bound, the heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or moreadditional heteroatoms, include:

5- to 8-membered saturated heterocyclic rings formed from R⁸ and R⁹being linked together, together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebound, the heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or moreadditional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atom;

such as pyrrolidine, piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine,imidazolidine, thiazolidine, isothiazolidine, oxazolidine,isoxazolidine, isothiazolidine, pyrazolidine, perhydroazepine, andperhydroazocine.

Examples of octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinyl groups optionallysubstituted on the pyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groupsinclude octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinyl groups optionally substitutedon the pyrazine ring with one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆alkyl groups.

Examples of 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl groups optionally substituted onthe 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group with one or more phenoxy groups, eachphenoxy substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more halogen atoms, include 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl groupsoptionally substituted on the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group with one tothree phenoxy groups, each phenoxy substituent optionally beingsubstituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms.

Examples of 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic rings formed fromR¹¹ and R¹², or R¹³ and R¹⁴ being linked together, together with thenitrogen atom to which they are bound, the heterocyclic ring optionallycontaining one or more additional heteroatoms, include:

5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic rings formed from R¹¹ and R¹²,or R¹³ and R¹⁴ being linked together, together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are bound, the heterocyclic ring optionally containing one ormore additional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfuratom;

such as pyrrolidine, piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine,imidazolidine, thiazolidine, isothiazolidine, oxazolidine,isoxazolidine, isothiazolidine, and pyrazolidine.

Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; loweralkylthio groups; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; halogen atoms; a phenyl group; lower alkylaminogroups; a cyano group; a phenoxy group; cycloalkyl groups; pyrrolidinylgroups optionally substituted with one or more oxo groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted withone or more lower alkyl groups; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinylcarbonylgroups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups;thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups;a carbamoyl group; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; lower alkylsulfonylaminogroups; anilino groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; phenyl lower alkyl groups; and hydroxy-substituted lower alkylgroups include:

phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms; straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylthio groups; straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms; halogen atoms; a phenyl group; amino groups optionallysubstituted with one or two straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;a cyano group; a phenoxy group; C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groups; pyrrolidinylgroups optionally substituted with one or two oxo groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted withone to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinylcarbonyl groups optionally substitutedwith one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; thiazolylgroups optionally substituted with one to three phenyl groups; acarbamoyl group; phenyl alkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is astraight or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; straight and branched C₁₋₆alkylsulfonylamino groups; anilino groups optionally substituted withone to three halogen atoms; phenyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moietyis a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group; and hydroxy-substitutedalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆alkyl group, substituted with one to three hydroxy groups;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)trifluoromethylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)methylthiophenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)trifluoromethoxyphenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)ethylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)propylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)butylphenyl,(2-, 3-, or 4-)pentylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)hexylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)isopropylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)chlorophenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)fluorophenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)phenylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)dimethylaminophenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)cyanophenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)phenyloxyphenyl, (3,4-, 2,3-, 2,6-, or 3,5-)dimethylphenyl, (3,4-,2,3-, 2,6-, or 3,5-)difluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4-methylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)cyclohexylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)benzyloxyphenyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)methylsulfonylaminophenyl, (2-, 3- or 4-)anilinophenyl, (3,4-, 2,3-,2,6- or 3,5-)dimethoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl,3-chloro-4-methylphenyl, 3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl,2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-cyanophenyl,2-chloro-5-carbamoylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)phenylmethylphenyl, (2-, 3-,or 4-)pyrrolidinylphenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)[(1-, 2-, 3-, or4-)(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl)phenyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)[(1-,2-, 3-, or 4-)(6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl carbonyl)]phenyl,(2-, 3-, or 4-)(4-fluoroanilino)phenyl, (2-, 3- or4-)[4-methyl-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinyl)carbonyl]phenyl, and (2-,3-, or 4-)[(4- or 5-)phenylthiazolyl-2-yl]phenyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; halogen atoms; and a phenyl group include:

phenyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to threehalogen atoms; straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; halogen atoms; and a phenylgroup;

such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl,1,1-diphenylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl, 3,3-diphenylpropyl,1,2-diphenylethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl,3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, (2- or 4-)bromobenzyl,2,3-dichlorobenzyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl,2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl,2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl, 4-tert-butylbenzyl,2,4-dimethylbenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylbenzyl,3-phenylbenzyl, 4-phenylbenzyl, 2,4-diphenylbenzyl,2,4,6-triphenylbenzyl, 2-trifluoromethoxybenzyl,3-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl,3-chloro-4-difluoromethoxybenzyl, 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyl,2-methoxybenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl,3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl,2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl.

Examples of lower alkyl-substituted amino lower alkyl groups include:

aminoalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, having on the amino group one or two straight and/orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as N-methylaminomethyl, N,N-diethylaminomethyl,N,N-di-n-propylaminoethyl, N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl,3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)butyl,5-(N,N-dimethylamino)pentyl, and 6-(N,N-dimethylamino)hexyl.

Examples of pyrazinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

pyrazinylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyrazine ring with oneto three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (2- or 3-)pyrazinylmethyl, (1- or 2-)(2- or 3-pyrazinyl)ethyl,3-(2- or 3-)pyrazinylpropyl, 4-(2- or 3-)pyrazinylbutyl, 5-(2- or3-)pyrazinylpentyl, 6-(2- or 3-)pyrazinylhexyl,2-methyl-5-pyrazinylmethyl, (1- or 2-)(2-methyl-5-pyrazinyl)ethyl,3-(2-methyl-5-pyrazinyl)propyl, 4-(2-ethyl-5-pyrazinyl)butyl,5-(2-ethyl-5-pyrazinyl)pentyl, and 6-(2-methyl-5-pyrazinyl)hexyl.

Examples of pyrazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrazoline ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

pyrazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyrazoline ring with oneto three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as (3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolylmethyl, (1- or 2-)(3-, 4-, or5-)pyrazolylethyl, 3-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolylpropyl, 4-(3-, 4-, or5-)pyrazolylbutyl, 5-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolylpentyl, 6-(3-, 4-, or5-)pyrazolylhexyl, [1-methyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrazolyl]methyl,[1,5-dimethyl-(3- or 4-)pyrazolyl]methyl, and [1,5-dimethyl-(3- or4-)pyrazolyl]ethyl.

Examples of piperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl groups; a benzoyl group; and phenyl lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups include:

piperidinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of straight andbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; a benzoyl group; and phenyl lower alkylgroups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to threemembers selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and straightand branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as, N-methyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, N-ethyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinyl, N-n-propyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, N-benzoyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)piperidinyl, 1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl,1-phenylethyl-4-piperidinyl, 1-(2-, 3-, or4-)chlorophenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl, and 1-(2-, 3-, or4-)methylphenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl, 1,2,3-trimethyl-(4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinyl, 1-benzyl-3-methyl-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, and1-benzoyl-2-benzyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl.

Examples of 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril groups optionally substituted withone or more lower alkyl groups include 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril groupsoptionally substituted with one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆alkyl groups, such as 3,4-dihydro-(5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)carbostyril and(6-, 7-, or 8-)methyl-3,4-dihydro-5-carbostyril.

Examples of quinolyl groups optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl groups include quinolyl groups optionally substituted withone to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such as (2-,3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-)quinolyl and 2-methyl-4-quinolyl.

Examples of carbazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl groups include carbazolyl groups optionally substituted withone to three straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, such asN-methyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)carbazolyl and N-ethyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, or5-)carbazolyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups includephenylalkylcarbamoylalkyl groups wherein each of the two alkyl moietiesis a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such asphenylmethylcarbamoylmethyl, (1- or 2-)phenylethyl carbamoylmethyl, (1-or 2-)phenylethylcarbamoylethyl, 3-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)propyl,4-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)butyl, 5-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)pentyl, and6-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)hexyl.

Examples of phenylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups includephenylcarbamoylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as phenylcarbamoylmethyl, (1- or2-)phenylcarbamoylethyl, 3-(phenylcarbamoyl)propyl,4-(phenylcarbamoyl)butyl, 5-(phenylcarbamoyl)pentyl, and6-(phenylcarbamoyl)hexyl.

Examples of anilino groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more lower alkoxy groups, each lower alkoxy substituentoptionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms, include:

anilino groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups, each alkoxysubstituent optionally being substituted with one to three halogenatoms;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)chloromethoxyanilino, and (2-, 3-, or4-)trifluoromethoxyanilino.

Examples of anilino groups substituted on the amino group with one ormore lower alkyl groups and further substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more halogen atoms include:

anilino groups substituted on the amino group with one to three straightand/or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and further substituted on the phenylring with one to three halogen atoms;

such as N-methyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)chloroanilino, N-ethyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)chloroanilino, N-methyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)bromoanilino, N-methyl-(2-,3-, or 4-)fluoroanilino, N-ethyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)iodoanilino, andN-n-propyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)chloroanilino.

Examples of 5- and 6-membered unsaturated heterocyclic rings formed fromR⁸ and R⁹ being linked together, together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are bound, include (2- or 3-)pyrroline, 1,2-dihydropyridine,2,3-dihydropyridine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine, and1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine.

Examples of benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; aphenyl group; halogen atoms; a cyano group; a phenoxy group; loweralkoxycarbonyl groups; pyrazolyl groups; and lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms include:

benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one tothree members selected from the group consisting of the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneto three halogen atoms; a phenyl group; halogen atoms; a cyano group; aphenoxy group; the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl groups; pyrazolyl groups; and the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionally substituted with oneto three halogen atoms;

such as benzoyl, 4-methylbenzoyl, 3-methylbenzoyl, 2-methylbenzoyl,4-tert-butylbenzoyl, 2,4-dimethylbenzoyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl,3-trifluoromethylbenzoyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl,2-trifluoromethylbenzoyl, 4-phenylbenzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl,3-chlorobenzoyl, 2-chlorobenzoyl, 4-fluorobenzoyl, 3-fluorobenzoyl,2-fluorobenzoyl, 3-bromobenzoyl, 2-bromobenzoyl, 4-bromobenzoyl,3,4-dichlorobenzoyl, 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoyl,2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzoyl, 4-methoxybenzoyl, 3-methoxybenzoyl,2-methoxybenzoyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl,3-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl,2-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl, 3-cyanobenzoyl, 4-cyanobenzoyl,2-cyanobenzoyl, 3-phenoxybenzoyl, 2-phenoxybenzoyl, 4-phenoxybenzoyl,4-methoxycarbonylbenzoyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylbenzoyl,2-tert-butoxycarbonylbenzoyl, and 4-(1-pyrazolyl)benzoyl.

Examples of alkanoyl groups include straight and branched C₁₋₁₀ alkanoylgroups, such as, in addition to the above-described lower alkanoylgroups, heptanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, decanoyl, and 2-ethyl-hexanoyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkanoyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups include:

phenylalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogenatoms and straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as 2-phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl, 2-phenylpropionyl,4-phenylbutyryl, 5-phenylpentanoyl, 6-phenylhexanoyl,2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropionyl,2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetyl, 3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)propionyl,2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)butyryl,5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(2,6-difluorophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(2-chlorophenyl)acetyl, 3-(3-chlorophenyl)propionyl,2-(4-chlorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)propionyl,5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl, 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propionyl,2-(3-fluorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)butyryl,5-(3-bromophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(4-iodophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(2-bromophenyl)acetyl, 3-(4-bromophenyl)propionyl,2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)butyryl,5-(3,4-difluorophenyl)pentanoyl, 6-(2-iodophenyl)hexanoyl,2-(3-iodophenyl)acetyl, 3-(4-iodophenyl)propionyl,2-(2,3-dibromophenyl)propionyl, 4-(2,4-diiodophenyl)butyryl,2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)acetyl, 2-(4-methylphenyl)acetyl,3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)propionyl, 2-(2,4-diethylphenyl)propionyl,4-(3,4-di-n-propylphenyl)butyryl, 2-(2-ethylphenyl)acetyl,3-(3-n-propylphenyl)propionyl, 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propionyl,2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetyl, 2-(2,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)acetyl,2-(3-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)acetyl, 4-(2-n-butylphenyl)butyryl,5-(3-n-pentylphenyl)pentanoyl, and 6-(4-n-hexylphenyl)hexanoyl.

Examples of phenoxy lower alkanoyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenoxyalkanoyl groups wherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₂₋₆ alkanoyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three halogen atoms;

such as, in addition to the above-described phenoxy lower alkanoylgroups, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl, 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetyl,3-(2,5-difluorophenoxy)propionyl, 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propionyl,4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)butyryl, 5-(3,5-difluorophenoxy)pentanoyl,6-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)hexanoyl, 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)acetyl,3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propionyl, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionyl,4-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)propionyl, 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)pentanoyl,6-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)hexanoyl, 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl,3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propionyl, 2-(3-fluorophenoxy)propionyl,4-(2-fluorophenoxy)butyryl, 5-(3-bromophenoxy)pentanoyl,6-(4-iodophenoxy)hexanoyl, 2-(2-bromophenoxy)acetyl,3-(4-bromophenoxy)propionyl, 2-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)propionyl,4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)butyryl, 5-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)pentanoyl,6-(2-iodophenoxy)hexanoyl, 2-(3-iodophenoxy)acetyl,3-(4-iodophenoxy)propionyl, 2-(2,3-dibromophenoxy)propionyl,4-(2,4-diiodophenoxy)butyryl, and 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)acetyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl groups includephenylalkenylcarbonyl groups containing one to three double bondswherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl group,such as styrylcarbonyl (trivial name: cinnamoyl),3-phenyl-2-propenylcarbonyl, 4-phenyl-2-butenylcarbonyl,4-phenyl-3-butenylcarbonyl, 5-phenyl-4-pentenylcarbonyl,5-phenyl-3-pentenylcarbonyl, 6-phenyl-5-hexenylcarbonyl,6-phenyl-4-hexenylcarbonyl, 6-phenyl-3-hexenylcarbonyl,4-phenyl-1,3-butadienylcarbonyl, and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienylcarbonyl.

Examples of pyridylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each lower alkylsubstituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms,include:

pyridylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the pyridine ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atomsand the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2,6-dichloro-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl,2,3-dichloro-(4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2-bromo-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl,2,6-difluoro-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl, 4-methyl-(2-, 3-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 3-chloro-(2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl,2,5-dibromo-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2-ethyl-4-chloro-(3-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2,4,6-trifluoro-(3- or 5-)pyridylcarbonyl,2,4-dimethyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridylcarbonyl, 2,4,6-trimethyl-(3- or5-)pyridylcarbonyl, and 2-methyl-4-chloro-(3-, 5-, or6-)pyridylcarbonyl.

Examples of piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more lower alkanoyl groups includepiperidinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidine ringwith one to three straight and/or branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups, such as(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-acetyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-n-propanoyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-isopropanoyl-(2-, 3-, or4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-n-butyryl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl,1-n-pentanoyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1-n-hexanoyl-(2-, 3-,or 4-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1,2-diacetyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 1,2,3-triacetyl-(4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 2-acetyl-(1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, 3-propanoyl-(1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl, and 2-formyl-4-propanoyl-(1-, 3-, 5-, or6-)piperidinylcarbonyl.

Examples of tetrahydropyranylcarbonyl groups include2-tetrahydropyranylcarbonyl, 3-tetrahydropyranylcarbonyl, and4-tetrahydropyranylcarbonyl.

Examples of benzothienylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on thebenzothiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms includebenzothienylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the benzothiophenering with one to three halogen atoms, such as (2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienylcarbonyl, [3-chloro-(2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, [4-bromo-(2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, [5-fluoro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, [6-iodo-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, [7-chloro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, [2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, [2,3-dichloro-(4-, 5-, 6-, or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl, and [3,4,6-trichloro-(2-, 5- or7-)benzothienyl]carbonyl.

Examples of pyridyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each lower alkylsubstituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms,include:

pyridylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with oneto three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms andthe above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms;

such as (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridylmethyl, 2-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethyl,1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propyl,4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]butyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]ethyl, 5-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 3-, or4-)pyridyl]hexyl-1-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]isopropyl, 2-methyl-3-[(2-,3-, or 4-)pyridyl]propyl, [2-chloro-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2,3-dichloro-(4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2-bromo-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2,4,6-trifluoro-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2-trifluoromethyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2-methyl-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2-ethyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,2-[2-n-propyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]ethyl, 3-[2-n-butyl-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl]propyl, 4-[2-n-pentyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl]butyl, 5-[2-n-hexyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]pentyl,6-[2-isopropyl-(3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]hexyl, [2-tert-butyl-(3-, 4-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, [2,4-dimethyl-(3-, 5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl,[2,4,6-trimethyl-(3- or 5-)pyridyl]methyl, [2,4-ditrifluoromethyl-(3-,5-, or 6-)pyridyl]methyl, 2-(2,4-bistrifluoromethyl)-(3-, 5-, or6-)pyridyl)ethyl, and 3-[2-methyl-6-chloro-(3-, 4-, or5-)pyridyl]propyl.

Examples of thienyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thethiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

thienylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the thiophene ring with oneto three halogen atoms;

such as [(2- or 3-)thienyl]methyl, 2-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]ethyl, 1-[(2- or3-)thienyl]ethyl, 3-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propyl, 4-[(2- or3-)thienyl]butyl, 5-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]pentyl, 6-[(2- or3-)thienyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]ethyl,2-methyl-3-[(2- or 3-)thienyl]propyl, [2-chloro-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]methyl, [4-bromo-(2-, 3-, or 5-)thienyl]methyl,[5-fluoro-(2-, 3-, or 4-)thienyl]methyl, [3-iodo-(2-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]methyl, [2,3-dichloro-(4- or 5-)thienyl]methyl,(2,4,5-trichloro-3-thienyl)methyl, 2-[2-fluoro-(3-, 4-, or5-)thienyl]ethyl, 1-[4-iodo-(2-, 3-, or 5-)thienyl]ethyl,3-[3-chloro-(2-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]propyl, 4-[4,5-dichloro-(2- or3-)thienyl]butyl, 5-(2,4,5-trichloro-3-thienyl)pentyl, and6-[2-chloro-(3-, 4-, or 5-)thienyl]hexyl.

Examples of amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups include:

amino groups optionally substituted with one or two members selectedfrom the group consisting of straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups andstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups;

such as amino, formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino,isobutyrylamino, pentanoylamino, tert-butylcarbonylamino, hexanoylamino,N,N-diacetylamino, N-acetyl-N-propionylamino, methylamino, ethylamino,n-propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, n-pentylamino,n-hexylamino, dimethylamino, 3-diethylamino, diisopropylamino,N-ethyl-N-n-propylamino, N-methyl-N-n-hexylamino,N-methyl-N-acetylamino, and N-ethyl-N-acetylamino.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a cyano group; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneor more halogen atoms; amino groups optionally substituted with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groupsand lower alkanoyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups;lower alkanoyloxy groups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; lower alkylthiogroups; and pyrrolidinyl groups include:

mono- and di-phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straightor branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three members selected from the group consisting of theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; a cyano group; theabove-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one to three halogen atoms; the above-described aminogroups optionally substituted with one or two members selected from thegroup consisting of straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups and straightand branched C₁₋₆ alkanoyl groups; halogen atoms; the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl groups; the above-describedstraight and branched C₂₋₆ alkanoyloxy groups; the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl groups; the above-describedstraight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylthio groups; and pyrrolidinyl groups;

such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl,1,1-diphenylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl, 3,3-diphenylpropyl,1,2-diphenylethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl,3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl, 4-bromobenzyl,3-bromobenzyl, 2-bromobenzyl, 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl,2,3-dichlorobenzyl, 2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl, 2-trifluoromethylbenzyl,3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 2-methylbenzyl,3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl, 4-tert-butylbenzyl, 4-n-butylbenzyl,2,4-dimethylbenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylbenzyl,4-phenylbenzyl, 2,4-diphenylbenzyl, 2,4,6-triphenylbenzyl,2-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyl,4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl, 4-difluoromethoxybenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl,3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-n-butoxybenzyl, 4-tert-butoxybenzyl,1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl,1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl,4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylbenzyl,2-n-propoxycarbonylbenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxycarbonylbenzyl,2,4,6-trimethoxycarbonylbenzyl, 1-(4-n-butoxyphenyl)ethyl,4-tert-butoxycarbonylbenzyl, 4-methylthiobenzyl, 3-methylthiobenzyl,2-methylthiobenzyl, 4-ethylthiobenzyl, 2,4-dimethylthiobenzyl,2,4,6-trimethylthiobenzyl, 4-methylsulfonylbenzyl,3-methylsulfonylbenzyl, 2-methylsulfonylbenzyl,3,4-dimethylsulfonylbenzyl, 3,4,5-trimethylsulfonylbenzyl,4-methoxy-3-chlorobenzyl, 4-(N-acetylamino)benzyl,4-(N,N-diethylamino)benzyl, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl,4-(N-methylamino)benzyl, 3-aminobenzyl, 2-aminobenzyl, 4-aminobenzyl,4-acetyloxybenzyl, 2,3-diaminobenzyl, 3,4,5-triaminobenzyl,4-methyl-3-fluorobenzyl, 4-cyanobenzyl, 3-cyanobenzyl, 2-cyanobenzyl,4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)benzyl, 4-methoxy-2-chlorobenzyl, and3-chloro-5-methylbenzyl.

Examples of thiazolyl lower alkyl groups include thiazolylalkyl groupswherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group,such as [(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]methyl, 2-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 1-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]propyl, 4-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]butyl, 5-[(2-, 4-, or5-)thiazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]hexyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]ethyl, and [2-methyl-3-[(2-,4-, or 5-)thiazolyl]propyl.

Examples of imidazolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

imidazolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one to three above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkylgroups;

such as [(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-,4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]hexyl, 1-[(1-,2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]isopropyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]propyl, [1-methyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-ethyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, [1-n-propyl-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]methyl, [1-n-butyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl,[1-n-pentyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, [1-n-hexyl-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]methyl, 2-[2-methyl-(1-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl,1-[1-ethyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]ethyl, 3-[1-ethyl-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]methyl, 4-[1-n-propyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]butyl,5-[1-n-butyl-(2-, 4-, or 5-)imidazolyl]pentyl, 6-[1-n-pentyl-(2-, 4-, or5-)imidazolyl]hexyl, [1,2-dimethyl-(4- or 5-)imidazolyl]methyl, and(1,2,4-trimethyl-5-imidazolyl)methyl.

Examples of pyrrolyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups include:

pyrrolylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted on the pyrrole ring with one tothree above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;

such as [(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]butyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]ethyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]hexyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, or3-)pyrrolyl]isopropyl, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolyl]propyl,[1-methyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl, [1-ethyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl,[1-n-propyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl, [1-n-butyl-(2- or3-)pyrrolyl]methyl, [1-n-pentyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl,[1-n-hexyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl, 2-[2-methyl-(1-, 3-, 4-, or5-)pyrrolyl]ethyl, 1-[1-ethyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]ethyl, 3-[1-ethyl-(2-or 3-)pyrrolyl]methyl, 4-[1-n-propyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]butyl,5-[1-n-butyl-(2- or 3-)pyrrolyl]pentyl, 6-[1-n-pentyl-(2- or3-)pyrrolyl]hexyl, [1,2-dimethyl-(3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolyl]methyl, and[1,2,4-trimethyl-(3- or 5-)pyrrolyl]methyl.

Examples of lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include alkylthioalkylgroups wherein each of the two alkyl moieties is a straight or branchedC₁₋₆ alkyl group, such as methylthiomethyl, 2-methylthioethyl,1-ethylthioethyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 3-n-butylthiopropyl,4-n-propylthiobutyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-n-pentylthioethyl,5-n-hexylthiopentyl, 6-methylthiohexyl, 1-ethylthioisopropyl, and2-methyl-3-methylthiopropyl.

Examples of phenoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofhalogen atoms, lower alkyl groups, and lower alkoxy groups include:

phenoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone to three members selected from the group consisting of halogenatoms, the above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ aklyl groups, andthe above-described straight and branched C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups;

such as phenoxycarbonyl, 4-chlorophenoxycarbonyl,3-chlorophenoxycarbonyl, 2-chlorophenoxycarbonyl,3,4-dichlorophenoxycarbonyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxycarbonyl,4-fluorophenoxycarbonyl, 3-fluorophenoxycarbonyl,2-fluorophenoxycarbonyl, 2,4-difluorophenoxycarbonyl,3,4,5-trifluorophenoxycarbonyl, 4-bromophenoxycarbonyl,2-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxycarbonyl,4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 3-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl,2-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenoxycarbonyl,2,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxycarbonyl, 4-methylphenoxycarbonyl,3-methylphenoxycarbonyl, 2-methylphenoxycarbonyl,2,5-dimethylphenoxycarbonyl, and 2,3,4-trimethylphenoxycarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted onthe phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms include:

phenylalkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight orbranched C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, optionally substituted on the phenyl ringwith one to three halogen atoms;

such as benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-phenylethoxycarbonyl,1-phenylethoxycarbonyl, 3-phenylpropoxycarbonyl, 4-phenylbutoxycarbonyl,5-phenylpentyloxycarbonyl, 6-phenylhexyloxycarbonyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxycarbonyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxycarbonyl,2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl,2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl,2,4,6-trichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl,3-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl,2,4-difluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4,5-trifluorobenzyloxycarbonyl,4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, and3-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.

Examples of quinoxalinylcarbonyl groups include 2-quinoxalinylcarbonyl,5-quinoxalinylcarbonyl, and 6-quinoxalinylcarbonyl.

Examples of phenyl lower alkanoyl groups include phenylalkanoyl groupswherein the alkanoyl moiety is a straight or branched C₂₋₆ alkanoylgroup, such as 2-phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl, 2-phenylpropionyl,4-phenylbutyryl, 5-phenylpentanoyl, 6-phenylhexanoyl,2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylpropionyl, and 2-methyl-3-phenylpropionyl.

The compounds of the present invention can be produced according to, forexample, Reaction Schemes 1 to 16. All the starting materials and targetcompounds shown in Reaction Schemes 1 to 16 may be in the form ofsuitable salts. Examples of such salts are as described for carbostyrilcompound of Formula (1) below.

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, R¹⁵ is ahydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, and A₄ represents a direct bond orlower alkylene group, provided that the total number of carbon atoms ofthe group substituting the carbostyril skeleton, i.e., —CH(R¹⁵)-A₄-, isno greater than 6.

The reaction of Compound (2) with Compound (3) is carried out in asuitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound or acid.

Examples of solvents usable herein are aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme and diglyme, halogenatedhydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform andcarbon tetrachloride, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol,isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol, aliphatic acidssuch as acetic acid, esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate,ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, pyridine,dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphorictriamide, mixed solvents of such solvents, etc.

Examples of basic compounds are carbonates such as sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassiumhydrogencarbonate and cesium carbonate, metal hydroxides such as sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, sodium hydride,potassium hydride, potassium, sodium, sodium amide, metal alcoholatessuch as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate and sodium n-butoxide,piperidine, pyridine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine,dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline,N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonene-5 (DBN),1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7 (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO), and like organic bases and mixtures thereof.

Examples of acids are organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid andlike sulfonic acids, and acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid,trichloroacetic acid and like aliphatic acids; inorganic acids such ashydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, and phosphoric acid;and mixtures thereof.

In the present invention, a basic compound and an acid may be used incombination.

Basic compound or acid is usually used in a catalytic amount, andpreferably about 0.01 to about 1 mol, per mol of Compound (2).

Compound (3) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably about 1 to about 2 mol, per mol of Compound (2).

The reaction is usually carried out at about room temperature to about200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. Thereaction is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 20 hours.

The reaction for producing Compound (1b) from Compound (1a) is carriedout, for example, either without a solvent or in a suitable solvent, inthe presence of a reducing agent.

Examples of solvents usable herein are water, lower alcohols such asmethanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethyleneglycol, acetonitrile, aliphatic acids such as formic acid and aceticacid, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglymeand diglyme, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene,halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane,chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, N,N-dimethylformamide, mixtures ofsuch solvents, etc.

Examples of reducing agents are mixtures of silicon dioxide and pyridinecompounds such as diethyl1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate; sodium borohydride,lithium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, aluminium lithium hydride, and like hydride reducingagents; mixtures of such hydride reducing agents; palladium black,palladium carbon, platinum oxide, platinum black, Raney nickel, and likecatalytic hydrogenation reducing agent; etc.

When a mixture of a pyridine compound and silicon dioxide is used as areducing agent, a suitable reaction temperature is usually about roomtemperature to about 200° C., and preferably about room temperature toabout 150° C. The reaction is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 50hours. The pyridine compound is usually used in an amount of at least 1mol, and preferably 1 to 3 mol, per mol of Compound (1a). Silicondioxide is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1to 10 mol, per mol of Compound (1a).

When a hydride reducing agent is used, a suitable reaction temperatureis usually about −80 to about 100° C. and preferably about −80 to about70° C. The reaction is usually finished in about 30 minutes to about 60hours. The hydride reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about0.1 to about 20 mol, and preferably about 0.1 to about 6 mol, per mol ofCompound (1b). In particular, when lithium aluminium hydride is used asa hydride reducing agent, it is preferable to use diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme, diglyme, and like ethers, andbenzene, toluene, xylene, and like aromatic hydrocarbons as solvents.Cobalt(II) chloride, cobalt(III) chloride, cobalt(II) acetate, or likecobalt compound may be added to the reaction system of the reaction inthe presence of pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine,N-ethyldiisopropylamine, or like amine; sodium hydroxide or likeinorganic base; and/or dimethylglyoxime, 2,2′-bipyridyl,1,10-phenanthroline, or like ligand.

When a catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent is used, the reaction isusually carried out at about −30 to about 100° C., and preferably about0 to about 100° C., in a hydrogen atmosphere of about atmosphericpressure to about 20 atm, and preferably about atmospheric pressure toabout 10 atm, or in the presence of formic acid, ammonium formate,cyclohexene, hydrazine hydrate, or like hydrogen donor. The reaction isusually finished in about 1 to about 12 hours. The catalytichydrogenation reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about 0.01to about 5 times, and preferably about 1 to about 3 times, the weight ofCompound (1a).

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, and the bond between the 3- and 4-positions ofthe carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; and R¹⁶ is a lower alkylgroup.

Compound (1c) is produced by reacting Compound (4) and Compound (5) in asuitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound followed by acidtreatment. This acid treatment is hereinafter referred to as “AcidTreatment A”.

Examples of solvents usable herein are water, aromatic hydrocarbons suchas benzene, toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 2-methoxyethanol, monoglyme and diglyme,halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane,chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, lower alcohols such as methanol,ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol,aliphatic acids such as acetic acid, esters such as ethyl acetate andmethyl acetate, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone,acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide,hexamethylphosphoric triamide, mixed solvents of such solvents, etc.

Examples of basic compounds are carbonates such as sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassiumhydrogencarbonate and cesium carbonate, metal hydroxides such as sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, sodium hydride,potassium hydride, potassium, sodium, sodium amide, metal alcoholatessuch as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate and sodium n-butoxide, sodiumacetate, piperidine, pyridine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine,dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline,N-methylmorpholine, DBN, DBU, DABCO, other organic bases, and mixturesthereof.

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mol, andpreferably about 1 to about 3 mol, per mol of Compound (4).

Compound (5) is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mol, andpreferably about 1 to about 2 mol, per mol of Compound (4).

The reaction is usually carried out at about room temperature to about200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. Thereaction is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 10 hours.

Examples of acids usable in acid-treating the reaction product areinorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromicacid, and the like. Such acids are usually used in a large excessrelative to the reaction product to be treated.

Examples of solvents usable in the acid treatment include those that areusable in the reaction of Compound (4) with Compound (5) above.

The acid treatment is usually carried out at about room temperature toabout 200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C.The acid treatment is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 30 hours.

The reaction of Compound (4) with Compound (6) is carried out under thesame conditions selected for the reaction of Compound (4) with Compound(5).

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, X, A, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; X₁ is ahalogen atom; and R^(3a) is a group other than a hydrogen atom asdefined in connection with R³ above.

The reaction of Compound (1e) and Compound (7) is carried out in asuitable inert solvent in the presence of a basic compound.

Examples of inert solvents usable herein are aromatic hydrocarbons suchas benzene, toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 2-methoxyethanol, monoglyme and diglyme,halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane,chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, lower alcohols such as methanol,ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol,aliphatic acids such as acetic acid, esters such as ethyl acetate andmethyl acetate, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone,acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide,hexamethylphosphoric triamide, mixed solvents of such solvents, etc.

Examples of basic compounds are carbonates such as sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassiumhydrogencarbonate and cesium carbonate, metal hydroxides such as sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, sodium hydride,potassium hydride, potassium, sodium, sodium amide, metal alcoholatessuch as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium n-butoxide, sodiumtert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide, pyridine, imidazole,N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine,trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, DBN, DBU, DABCO,other organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 10 mol, per mol of Compound (1e).

Compound (7) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 10 mol, per mol of Compound (1e).

The reaction is usually carried out at about 0 to about 200° C., andpreferably 0 to about 150° C. The reaction is usually finished in about5 minutes to about 80 hours.

Sodium iodide, potassium iodide, or like alkali metal halide compoundmay be introduced into the reaction system of the reaction.

When a Compound (1e) in which X is sulfur is used in the reaction ofCompound (1e) with Compound (7), a compound represented by the formula:

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R^(3a), A, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, issometimes generated. This compound can be easily separated from thereaction mixture.

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, A₄, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, X₁, and the bond between the 3-and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, andR¹⁷ is a lower alkyl group.

The reaction to produce Compound (9) from Compound (8) is carried out byhydrolyzing Compound (8).

This hydrolysis reaction is performed, for example, either in a suitablesolvent or without a solvent, in the presence of an acid or basiccompound.

Examples of usable solvents are water, lower alcohols such as methanol,ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, ketones such as acetone andmethyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane,tetrahydrofuran, monoglyme and diglyme, aliphatic acids such as aceticacid and formic acid, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate,halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloroethane,dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl sulfoxide,N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, mixed solvents ofsuch solvents, etc.

Examples of acids are mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuricacid and hydrobromic acid; and organic acids such as formic acid, aceticacid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and like sulfonicacids. Such acids may be used singly or as a combination of two or moresuch acids.

Examples of basic compounds are carbonates such as sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassiumhydrogencarbonate; metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide, calcium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; etc. Such basiccompounds may be used singly or as a combination of two or more suchcompounds.

The hydrolysis reaction advantageously proceeds usually at about 0 toabout 200° C., and preferably about 0 to about 150° C. The reaction isusually finished in about 10 minutes to about 30 hours.

Compound (1g) can be produced by reacting Compound (8) with Compound (5)in a suitable solvent in the presence or absence of basic compound, andthen acid-treating the reaction product. Alternatively, Compound (1g)can be produced by reacting Compound (9) with Compound (5) in a suitablesolvent in the presence or absence of basic compound, and thenacid-treating the reaction product.

Examples of solvents for use in the reaction of Compound (8) withCompound (5) and the reaction of Compound (9) with Compound (5) include,in addition to sulfolane, those that are usable in the reaction ofCompound (4) with Compound (5) shown in Reaction Scheme 2 presentedabove.

Examples of usable basic compounds include those that are usable in thereaction of Compound (4) with Compound (5) shown in Reaction Scheme 2presented above.

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 2 mol, per mol of Compound (5). Compound (8) andCompound (9) are usually used in amounts of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (5).

The reaction is usually carried out at about room temperature to about200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. Thereaction is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 10 hours.

The subsequent acid treatment is carried out under the same conditionsas described with respect to “Acid Treatment A” in Reaction Scheme 2above.

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, X₁, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, and R^(1a)is a group other than a hydrogen atom as defined in connection with R¹.

The reaction of Compound (1h) with Compound (10) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, R⁸, R⁹, A₁, and the bond between the 3-and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above.

A wide variety of reaction conditions selected for an ordinary amidebond formation reaction are applicable to the reaction of Compound (1j)with Compound (1l), such as, in particular, (a) a mixed acid anhydrideprocess in which Carboxylic Acid (1j) is reacted with an alkylhalocarboxylate to form a mixed acid anhydride and reacting thisanhydride with Amine (11), (b) an activated ester process in whichCarboxylic Acid (1j) is activated into an activated ester such as phenylester, p-nitrophenyl ester, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester,1-hydroxybenzotriazole ester, etc., or into an activated amide withbenzoxazoline-2-thione, and then reacted with Amine (1l), (c) acarbodiimide process in which Carboxylic Acid (1j) and Amine (11) aresubjected to a condensation reaction in the presence of an activatingagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (WSC),carbonyldiimidazole, or the like, (d) other processes, for example, inwhich Carboxylic Acid (1j) is converted into a carboxylic anhydrideusing a dehydration agent such as acetic anhydride, and reacting thiscarboxylic anhydride with Amine (11); an ester of Carboxylic Acid (1j)formed with a lower alcohol is reacted with Amine (11) at a hightemperature and high pressure; an acid halide of Carboxylic Acid (1j),i.e., a carboxylic acid halide, is reacted with Amine (11), and likeprocesses.

A mixed acid anhydride for use in the mixed acid anhydride processdescribed above can be obtained by an ordinary Schotten-Baumannreaction, and the reaction product is usually used for the reaction withAmine (11) to give the desired compound of Formula (1k) withoutisolation from the reaction mixture.

The above-described Schotten-Baumann reaction is usually carried out inthe presence of a basic compound.

Such basic compounds include any conventional basic compounds for use inSchotten-Baumann reactions, for example, triethylamine, trimethylamine,pyridine, dimethylaniline, N-ethyldiisopropylamine,dimethylaminopyridine, N-methylmorpholine, DBN, DBU, DABCO, and likeorganic bases; and carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassiumcarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate,metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide andcalcium hydroxide, potassium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium, sodium,sodium amide, metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate and sodiumethylate, and like inorganic bases. Such basic compounds are used singlyor as a combination of two or more such compounds. The reaction isusually carried out at about −20 to about 100° C., and preferably about0 to about 50° C. The reaction time is about 5 minutes to about 10hours, and preferably about 5 minutes to about 2 hours.

The reaction of the resulting mixed acid anhydride with Amine (11) isusually carried out at about −20 to about 150° C., and preferably about10 to about 50° C. The reaction time is about 5 minutes to about 10hours, and preferably about 5 minutes to about 5 hours.

The mixed acid anhydride process is usually carried out in a solvent.Examples of solvents are those that are commonly used in connection withmixed acid anhydride processes. Specific examples are chloroform,dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and likehalogenated hydrocarbons; benzene, toluene, xylene, and like aromatichydrocarbons; diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran,dimethoxyethane, and like ethers; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate,isopropyl acetate, and like esters; N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and like aprotic polarsolvents; mixtures of such solvents; etc.

Examples of alkyl halocarboxylates usable in the mixed anhydride processare methyl chloroformate, methyl bromoformate, ethyl chloroformate,ethyl bromoformate, isobutyl chloroformate, etc.

In the mixed acid anhydride process, Carboxylic Acid (1j), an alkylhalocarboxylate, and Amine (11) are preferably used equimolar to eachother. However, an alkyl halocarboxylate and Amine (11) are each usablein an amount of about 1 to about 1.5 mol per mol of Carboxylic Acid(1j).

Process (c) in which a condensation reaction carried out in the presenceof an activating agent as described above is performed in a suitablesolvent either in the presence or absence of a basic compound. Examplesof solvents and basic compounds usable herein are those that are usablein the process in which a carboxylic acid halide is reacted with Amine(1b) as described in Processes (d) below. The amount of activating agentis usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 5mol, per mol of Compound (1j). When WSC is used as an activating agent,the reaction advantageously progresses by introducing1-hydroxybenzotriazole into the reaction system. The reaction is usuallycarried out at about −20 to 180° C., and preferably about 0 to about150° C. The reaction usually completes in about 5 minutes to about 90hours.

Among Processes (d), if a process in which a carboxylic acid halide isreacted with Amine (11) is selected, this reaction is carried out in thepresence of a basic compound in a suitable solvent. Examples of basiccompounds for use include a wide variety of known compounds such asthose described above in connection with the Schotten-Baumann reaction.Examples of solvents include, in addition to those usable in theaforementioned mixed acid anhydride process, methanol, ethanol,isopropanol, propanol, butanol, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, ethyl cellosolve,methyl cellosolve, and like alcohols, acetonitrile, pyridine, acetone,water, etc. The ratio of carboxylic acid halide to Amine (11) is notlimited and can be suitably selected from a broad range. It is usuallysuch that, per mol of the former, the latter is used in an amount of atleast about 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol. The reactionis usually carried out at about −20 to about 180° C., and preferablyabout 0 to about 150° C. The reaction is usually finished in about 5minutes to about 30 hours.

Moreover, the amide bond formation reaction shown in Reaction Scheme 6can be carried out by reacting Carboxylic Acid (1j) and Amine (11) inthe presence of a condensing agent composed of a phosphorus compoundsuch as triphenylphosphine, diphenylphosphinyl chloride,phenyl-N-phenylphosphoramide chloridate, diethyl chlorophosphate,diethyl cyanophosphate, diphenyl azidophosphate,bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride, etc. Such condensingagents can be used singly or as a combination of two or more suchagents.

The reaction is usually carried out at about −20 to about 150° C., andpreferably about 0 to about 100° C., using a solvent and basic compoundthat are also usable in the aforementioned process in which a carboxylicacid halide and Amine (11) are reacted. The reaction is usually finishedin about 5 minutes to about 30 hours. Condensing agent and Amine (11)are each used in an amount of at least about 1 mol, and preferably about1 to about 2 mol, per mol of Carboxylic Acid (1j).

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; R^(1b) isa group as defined in (1-9) in connection with R¹ above; and R^(1c) is agroup as defined in (1-8) in connection with R¹ above.

The reaction for producing Compound (1m) from Compound (1l) is carriedout under conditions as described in connection with the reaction forproducing Compound (9) from Compound (8) shown in Reaction Scheme 4above.

The reaction for producing Compound (1l) from Compound (1m) can becarried out by reacting Compound (1m) with a compound represented by theformula

R²³OH  (50)

wherein R²³ is a lower alkyl group.

Conditions usually selected for esterification reactions are applicableto the reaction. For example, it may be carried out in the presence ofhydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or like a mineral acid; or thionylchloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorustrichloride, or like halogenating agent. Compound (50) is used in alarge excess relative to Compound (1m). The reaction advantageouslyprogresses usually at about 0 to about 150° C., and preferably about 50to about 100° C. The reaction is usually finished in about 1 to about 10hours.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, A₂, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, andR^(10a) is a group as defined in (7-3) and (7-44) in connection with R¹⁰above.

The reaction for producing Compound (1o) from Compound (1n) is carriedout under the same conditions as described in connection with thereaction for producing Compound (9) from Compound (8) shown in ReactionScheme 4 above.

When R^(10a) of Compound (1n) is a group as defined in (7-44), theabove-presented reaction may be carried out in the presence of afluorine compound. Examples of fluorine compounds are ammoniumtetrafluoride, tetra-N-butyl ammonium fluoride, pyridine hydrofluoride,etc. Among such examples, tetra-N-butyl ammonium fluoride is preferable.Fluorine compound is usually used in at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to2 mol, per mol of Compound (1n).

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, A₂, X₁, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above;

-   R^(10b) is a group as defined in (7-3) to (7-7), (7-9) to (7-20),    (7-30) to (7-35), and (7-44) in connection with R¹⁰ above;-   R^(10c) is a group as defined in (7-2), (7-8), (7-21) to (7-29), and    (7-37) to (7-43) in connection with R¹⁰ above;-   R^(10d) is a group as defined in (7-1), (7-2), (7-21) to (7-29), and    (7-40) in connection with R¹⁰ above; furyl group; pyridyl group    optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members    selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl    groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substituted    with one or more halogen atoms; thienyl group optionally substituted    on the thiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms; phenyl group    optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members    selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy groups optionally    substituted with one or more halogen atoms, a cyano group, lower    alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,    amino groups optionally substituted with one or more members    selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and lower    alkanoyl groups, halogen atoms, lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, lower    alkanoyloxy groups, lower alkylsulfonyl groups, lower alkylthio    groups, and pyrrolidinyl groups; thiazolyl group; imidazolyl group    optionally substituted on the imidazole ring with one or more lower    alkyl groups; pyrrolyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrole    ring with one or more lower alkyl groups; or cycloalkyl group;-   R^(14a) is a group as defined in (10-1) to (10-3) in connection with    R¹⁴ above; and-   R¹⁸ is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group,-   provided that the total number of carbon atoms of the group-   CH(R^(10d))R¹⁸ of Compound (1r) is not greater than 6.

The reaction of Compound (1o) with Compound (12) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1j) with Compound (1l) shown in Reaction Scheme 6 above,provided that with respect to the reaction of Compound (1o) withCompound (12), the amounts of alkyl halocarboxylate, Carboxylic Acid(12), activating agent, condensing agent, carboxylic acid halide, etc.,are relative to Compound (1o).

The reaction of Compound (1o) with Compound (13) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

The reaction of Compound (1o) with Compound (14) may be carried out, forexample, either in a suitable solvent or without a solvent, in thepresence of a reducing agent.

Examples of solvents usable herein are water, lower alcohols such asmethanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethyleneglycol, acetonitrile, aliphatic acids such as formic acid and aceticacid, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglymeand diglyme, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene,halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane,chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, mixtures of such solvents, etc.

Examples of reducing agents are aliphatic acids such as formic acid,aliphatic acid alkali metal salts such as sodium formate and sodiumacetate, hydride reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, sodiumcyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and aluminium lithiumhydride, mixtures of such hydride reducing agents, catalytichydrogenation reducing agent such as palladium black, palladium carbon,platinum oxide, platinum black, Raney nickel, etc.

When an aliphatic acid such as formic acid or an aliphatic acid alkalimetal salt such as sodium formate or sodium acetate is used as areducing agent, a suitable reaction temperature is usually about roomtemperature to about 200° C., and preferably about 50 to about 150° C.The reaction is usually finished in about 10 minutes to about 10 hours.Such aliphatic acids and aliphatic acid alkali metal salts are usuallyused in a large excess relative to Compound (1o).

When a hydride reducing agent is used, a suitable reaction temperatureis usually about −80 to about 100° C., and preferably about −80 to about70° C. The reaction is usually finished in about 30 minutes to about 60hours. The hydride reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about1 to about 20 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 6 mol, per mol ofCompound (1o). In particular, when aluminium lithium hydride is used asa hydride reducing agent, it is preferable to use diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme, diglyme, or like ether; or benzene,toluene, xylene, or like aromatic hydrocarbon as a solvent.Trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, or like amine;or molecular sieves 3A (MS-3A), molecular sieves 4A (MS-4A), or likemolecular sieves may be introduced into the reaction system of thereaction.

When a catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent is used, the reaction isusually carried out at about −30 to about 100° C., and preferably about0 to about 60° C., in a hydrogen atmosphere usually of about atmosphericpressure to about 20 atm, and preferably about atmospheric pressure toabout 10 atm, or in the presence of formic acid, ammonium formate,cyclohexene, hydrazine hydrate, or like hydrogen donor. The reaction isusually finished in about 1 to about 12 hours. The catalytichydrogenation reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about 0.1to about 40 wt. %, and preferably about 1 to about 20 wt. %, relative toCompound (1o).

In the reaction of Compound (1o) with Compound (14), Compound (14) isusually used in an amount at least equimolar, and preferably equimolarto a large excess, relative to Compound (1o).

The reaction of Compound (1o) with Compound (15) is carried out in thepresence or absence of basic compound, but preferably in the absence ofbasic compound, in a suitable inert solvent or without a solvent.

Examples of inert solvents and basic compounds include those that arefor use in one of the Processes (d) in which a carboxylic acid halide isreacted with Amine (11) for the reaction of Compound (1o) with Compound(12) (amide bond formation reaction).

The amount of Compound (15) is usually about 1 to about 5 mol, andpreferably about 1 to about 3 mol, per mol of Compound (1o).

The reaction advantageously proceeds usually at about 0 to about 200°C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. The reactionis usually finished in about 5 minutes to about 30 hours.

Boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex or like boron compound may beintroduced into the reaction system of the reaction.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, A₂, X₁, R^(14a), and the bond between the3- and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above, andR^(14b) is a group as defined in (10-2) and (10-3) in connection withR¹⁴ above.

The reaction of Compound (1s) with Compound (16) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; R^(1d) isa group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above except forhaving at least one lower alkoxycarbonyl group on the phenyl ring; andR^(1e) is a group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above exceptfor having at least one carboxy group on the phenyl ring.

The reaction for producing Compound (1v) from Compound (1u) is carriedout under the same conditions as described in connection with thereaction for producing Compound (9) from Compound (8) shown in ReactionScheme 4 above.

The reaction for producing Compound (1u) from Compound (1v) is carriedout under the same conditions as described in connection with thereaction for producing Compound (1l) from Compound (1m) shown inReaction Scheme 7 above.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, R⁶, R⁷, R^(1e), and the bond between the3- and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; andR^(1f) is a group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above exceptfor having at least one —CONR⁶R⁷ group on the phenyl ring.

The reaction of Compound (1v) with Compound (17) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1j) with Compound (1l) shown in Reaction Scheme 6 above.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, X₁, R¹⁸, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above;

-   R^(1g) is a group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above    except for having at least one —(B)_(l)NHR^(7a) group on the phenyl    ring, provided that l is as defined above;-   R^(1h) is a group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above    except for having at least one —(B)_(l)N(R^(6a))R^(7a) group on the    phenyl ring;-   R^(1i) is a group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above    except for having at least one —(B)_(l)N(R^(6b))R^(7a) group on the    phenyl ring;-   R^(1j) is a group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above    except for having at least one —(B)_(l)N[CH(R^(6c))R¹⁸]R^(7a) group    on the phenyl ring, provided that the total number of carbon atoms    of CH(R^(6c))R¹⁸ is no greater than 6;-   l is as defined above;-   R^(7a) is a group as defined in (4-1) to (4-79) in connection with    R⁷ above;-   R^(6a) is a group as defined in (4-2), (4-4), (4-6), (4-8) to    (4-11), (4-19) to (4-32), (4-34) to (4-37), (4-60), (4-62) to    (4-72), (4-78), and (4-79) in connection with R⁶ above;-   R^(6b) is a group as defined in (4-3), (4-5), (4-7), (4-12) to    (4-18), (4-33), (4-38) to (4-59), (4-61), (4-73) to (4-77) in    connection with R⁶ above; and-   R^(6c) is a group as defined in (4-1), (4-2), (4-6), (4-9), (4-20),    (4-21), (4-23) to (4-29), (4-31), (4-32), and (4-34); pyridyl group;    tetrahydropyranyl group; cycloalkyl group; phenyl group optionally    substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected    from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups    optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower alkoxy    groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and    hydroxy groups; lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl group; furyl    group; imidazolyl group optionally substituted on the imidazole ring    with one or more members selected from the group consisting of a    carbamoyl group and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; pyrrolidinyl group    optionally substituted on the pyrrolidine ring with one or more    lower alkyl groups; or morpholino group.

The reaction of Compound (1x) with Compound (18) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1o) with Compound (12) shown in Reaction Scheme 9 above.

The reaction of Compound (1x) with Compound (19) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1o) with Compound (13) shown in Reaction Scheme 9 above.

The reaction of Compound (1x) with Compound (20) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1o) with Compound (14) shown in Reaction Scheme 9 above.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; R^(1k) isa group as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above except forhaving at least one nitro group on the phenyl ring; and R^(1l) is agroup as defined in (1-3) in connection with R¹ above except for havingat least one amino group on the phenyl ring.

The reaction for producing Compound (1cc) from Compound (1bb) can becarried out by, for example, (1) reducing Compound (1bb) in a suitablesolvent using a catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent, or (2) reducingCompound (1bb) in a suitable inert solvent using as a reducing agent amixture of an acid with a metal or metal salt, a mixture of a metal ormetal salt with an alkali metal hydroxide, sulfide, or ammonium salt, orthe like.

When using Method (1) above, examples of usable solvents are water,acetic acid, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol,hydrocarbons such as n-hexane and cyclohexane, ethers such as dioxane,tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether,esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate, aprotic polar solventssuch as N,N-dimethylformamide, mixtures of such solvents, etc. Examplesof usable catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent include palladium,palladium black, palladium carbon, platinum carbon, platinum, platinumoxide, copper chromite, Raney nickel, etc. Such reducing agent may beused singly or as a combination of two or more such agents. Reducingagent is usually used in an amount of about 0.02 times to equal to theweight of Compound (1bb). The reaction temperature is usually about −20to about 150° C., and preferably about 0 to about 100° C. The hydrogenpressure is usually about 1 to 10 atm. The reaction is usually finishedin about 0.5 to about 100 hours. An acid such as hydrochloric acid maybe introduced into the reaction system of the reaction.

When using Method (2) above, a mixture of iron, zinc, tin, or tin(II)chloride, with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, or sulfuricacid; or a mixture of iron, iron(II) sulfate, zinc, or tin, with analkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, a sulfide such asammonium sulfide, aqueous ammonia, or an ammonium salt such as ammoniumchloride, or the like can be used as a reducing agent. Examples of inertsolvents are water, acetic acid, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol,ethers such as dioxane, mixtures of such solvents, etc. Conditions forthe reduction reaction can be suitably selected according to thereducing agent to be used. For example, when a mixture of tin(II)chloride and hydrochloric acid is used as a reducing agent, it isadvantageous to carry out the reaction at about 0 to about 150° C. forabout 0.5 to about 10 hours. Reducing agent is used in an amount of atleast 1 mol, and usually about 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (1bb).

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above;

-   R^(1m) is a group as defined in (1-10) in connection with R¹ above    except for having at least one halogen atom on the pyridine ring;-   R^(1n) is a group as defined in (1-10) in connection with R¹ above    except for having on the pyridine ring at least one member selected    from piperidinyl groups; morpholino group; piperazinyl group    optionally substituted on the piperazine ring with one or more    members selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and    lower alkyl groups; anilino group optionally substituted on the    amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups; pyridylamino group;    or pyridylcarbonylamino group;-   R^(1o) is a group as defined in (1-10) in connection with R¹ above    except for having at least one member selected from thienyl groups,    a phenyl group, pyridyl groups and a biphenyl group;-   R¹⁹ is a piperidinyl group; morpholino group; piperazinyl group    optionally substituted on the piperazine ring with one or more    members selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and    lower alkyl groups; anilino group optionally substituted on the    amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups; pyridylamino group;    or pyridylcarbonylamino group;-   R²⁰ is a thienyl group, phenyl group, pyridyl group, or biphenyl    group;-   M is an alkali metal such as lithium, potassium, sodium or the like,    —MgX₁ (X₁ is as defined above), —ZnX₁ (X₁ is as defined above), or    —B(OH)₂;-   Y is a lower alkyl group;-   q is 1 to 4; and-   r is 1 to 3, provided that q+r equals 4.

The reaction of Compound (1dd) with Compound (21) is carried out in asuitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound and a catalyst.

Examples of solvents and basic compounds usable herein include thosethat are usable in the reaction of Compound (1e) with Compound (7) shownin Reaction Scheme 3 above.

Examples of catalysts arebis(tributyltin)/bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium,R-tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium,S-tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, palladium(II) acetate, and likepalladium compounds; R-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl(R-BINAP), S-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (S-BINAP),RAC-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (RAC-BINAP),2,2-bis(diphenylimidazolidinylidene), and like compounds;4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene, and like xanthenecompounds; tert-butylphosphine, tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate,and like alkylphosphines; salts thereof; mixtures thereof; etc.

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 2 mol, per mol of Compound (1dd).

Catalyst is used in a typical catalytic amount relative to Compound(1dd).

Compound (21) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 2 mol, per mol of Compound (1dd).

The reaction is usually carried out at about room temperature to about200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. Thereaction is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 20 hours.

The reaction of Compound (1dd) with Compound (22a) or (22b) is carriedout in a suitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound and acatalyst.

Solvents usable herein include, in addition to water, those that areusable in the reaction of Compound (1e) with Compound (7) shown inReaction Scheme 3 above.

Basic compounds usable herein include those that are usable in thereaction of Compound (1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3above.

Examples of catalysts are tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), and like palladiumcompounds.

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (1dd).

Catalyst is usually used in an amount of 0.001 to 1 mol per mol ofCompound (1dd), and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mol, per mol of Compound(1dd).

Compound (21) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (1dd).

The reaction is usually carried out at about −30 to about 200° C., andpreferably about 0 to about 150° C. The reaction is usually finished inabout 0.5 to about 20 hours.

With respect to the reaction, when M is an alkali metal salt or MgX₁,the reaction proceeds in the absence of basic compound and catalyst.

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, X, A, X₁, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above;

-   R^(2a) is a group as defined in (2-2), (2-4), (2-5), and (2-7) to    (2-32) in connection with R² above; and-   R²¹ is a lower alkyl group; carboxy lower alkyl group; lower    alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl; phenyl lower alkyl group optionally    substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected    from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups    optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower    alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen    atoms, lower alkoxy groups, a nitro group, lower alkylsulfonyl    groups, lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, phenyl lower alkenyl groups,    lower alkanoyloxy groups, and 1,2,3-thiodiazolyl groups; piperidinyl    lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the piperidine ring with    one or more lower alkyl groups; amino-substituted lower alkyl group    optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups; lower    alkenyl group; pyridyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on    the pyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, each lower    alkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one or more    halogen atoms; lower alkynyl group; phenyl lower alkynyl group;    phenyl lower alkenyl group; furyl lower alkyl group optionally    substituted on the furan ring with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl    groups; tetrazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    tetrazole ring with a substituent selected from the group consisting    of a phenyl group, phenyl lower alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl lower    alkyl groups; 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkyl group optionally    substituted on the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the    phenyl substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more lower alkyl groups; isooxazolyl lower alkyl group    optionally substituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower    alkyl groups; 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkyl group optionally    substituted on the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the    phenyl substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring    with one or more lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl lower alkyl    group; thiazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    thiazole ring with one or more members selected from the group    consisting of lower alkyl groups and phenyl groups, each phenyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more halogen atoms; piperidinyl group optionally substituted on    the piperidine ring with one or more benzoyl groups, each benzoyl    substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one    or more halogen atoms; thienyl lower alkyl group; phenylthio lower    alkyl group; carbamoyl-substituted lower alkyl group optionally    substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups; benzoyl lower alkyl    group; pyridylcarbonyl lower alkyl group; imidazolyl lower alkyl    group optionally substituted on the imidazole ring with one or more    phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenoxy lower alkyl group; phenyl lower    alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl group; 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl group;    or isoindolinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the    isoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups.

The reaction of Compound (1gg) with Compound (23) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

Compounds (2), (4) and (8) used as starting materials as shown in thereaction scheme given above can be produced according to, for example,the reaction scheme below.

wherein R^(1a), R², R⁴, R⁵, X₁, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above; R²² is alower alkylsulfonyl group optionally having at least one halogen atom;X₂ is a halogen atom; and m is 1 to 4.

The reaction of Compound (24) with Compound (25) or (26) and thereaction of Compound (30) with Compound (25) or (26) can be carried outunder the same conditions as described in one of the Processes (d) inwhich an acid halide of Carboxylic Acid (1j), i.e., a carboxylic acidhalide, is reacted with Amine (11) for the reaction of Compound (1j)with Compound (1l) shown in Reaction Scheme 6 above.

The reaction for producing Compound (28) from Compound (27) and thereaction for producing Compound (32) from Compound (31) can be achievedby reacting Compound (27) with a metal cyanide, and Compound (31) with ametal cyanide, respectively, in a suitable solvent in the presence of acatalyst.

Examples of metal cyanides are sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, silvercyanide, zinc cyanide, cuprous cyanide, etc.

Examples of solvents and catalysts usable in these reactions includethose that are usable in the reaction of Compound (1dd) with Compound(22) shown in Reaction Scheme 15 above.

Catalyst is usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 1 mol, and preferably0.01 to 0.5 mol, per mol of Compound (27) or (31).

Metal cyanide is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 3 mol, per mol of Compound (27) or (31).

The reactions are usually carried out at about room temperature to 200°C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. The reactionsare usually finished in about 1 hour to about 1 week.

The reaction for producing Compound (2a) from Compound (28) and thereaction for producing Compound (2b) from Compound (32) are carried outin a suitable solvent in the presence of a reducing agent.

Examples of solvents usable herein are formic acid and like aliphaticacids; dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diethylene glycoldimethyl ether, and like ethers; benzene, toluene, xylene, and likearomatic hydrocarbons, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform,carbon tetrachloride, and like halogenated hydrocarbons; and mixtures ofsuch solvents.

Examples of reducing agents are diisobutylaluminum hydride and likealkylaluminum hydrides, Raney nickel, etc. Reducing agent is usuallyused in an amount at least equal to, and preferably equal to 5 times,the weight of Compound (28) or (32).

The reactions are usually carried out at about room temperature to 200°C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. The reactionsare usually finished in about 0.5 to about 20 hours.

Compounds (2a) and (2b) can be produced by reducing compounds (28) and(32), respectively, under the same conditions as described in connectionwith the reaction, as shown in Reaction scheme 1, for producing Compound(1b) from Compound (1a) when a catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent isused. It is desirable to introduce an inorganic acid such ashydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid into the reaction system usually inan amount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 2 mol, per mol ofcompounds (28) or (32).

The reaction for producing Compound (29) from Compound (2a) and thereaction for producing Compound (33) from Compound (2b) are carried out,in a suitable solvent in the presence of an acid, by separately reactingCompound (2a) and Compound (2b) with an alcohol compound represented by

HO—(CH₂)_(m)—OH  (51)

wherein m is as defined above.

Solvents and acids usable herein include those that are usable in thereaction of Compound (2) with Compound (3) shown in Reaction Scheme 1above.

It is usually advantageous to use an acid in a catalytic amount. Theamount of Compound (51) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 5mol, per mol of Compound (2a) or (2b).

The reactions are usually carried out at about room temperature to 200°C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. The reactionsare usually finished in about 0.5 hours to about 10 hours.

The reaction of Compound (24) with Compound (10), the reaction ofCompound (27) with Compound (10), the reaction of Compound (28) withCompound (10), the reaction of Compound (2a) with Compound (10), and thereaction of Compound (29) with Compound (10) are carried out under thesame conditions as described in connection with the reaction of Compound(1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction scheme 3.

The reaction for producing Compound (2a) from Compound (29) and thereaction for producing Compound (2b) from Compound (33) are carried outunder the same conditions as described in connection with the reactionfor producing Compound (9) from Compound (8) shown in Reaction scheme 4.In these reactions, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate and like sulfonatesare usable as acids.

wherein R^(1a), R², R⁴, R⁵, R¹⁵, X₁, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above.

The reaction for producing, from Compound (34), Compound (2c) whereinR¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom, and the reaction for producing, from Compound(35), Compound (2d) wherein R¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom, are carried out, ina suitable solvent in the presence of a catalyst, by separately reactingCompound (34) and Compound (35) with a compound represented by

X₁(X₂)CHOR²⁴  (52)

wherein X₁ and X₂ are as defined above, and R²⁴ is a lower alkyl group.

Solvents usable herein include those that are usable in the reaction ofCompound (1dd) with Compound (22) shown in Reaction Scheme 15 above.

Examples of catalysts are titanium tetrachloride and like titaniumcompounds; tin(IV) chloride and like tin compounds; aluminium chlorideand like aluminium compounds; etc. Catalyst is usually used in an amountof at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (34)or (35).

Compound

(52) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to5 mol, per mol of Compound (34) or (35).

The reaction is usually carried out at about 0 to about 70° C., andpreferably about 0 to about 50° C. The reaction is usually finished inabout 1 minute to about 1 hour.

The reaction for producing, from Compound (34), Compound (2c) whereinR¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom, and the reaction for producing, from Compound(35), Compound (2d) wherein R¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom, can be carried out,in the presence of a halogenating agent and an acid, by separatelyreacting Compound (34) and Compound (35) with p-formaldehyde and thenhexamethylenetetramine.

Examples of halogenating agents usable herein are hydrochloric acid,hydrobromic acid, etc. Examples of acids are sulfuric acid, phosphoricacid, and like inorganic acids; p-toluenesulfonic acid, formic acid,acetic acid, and like organic acids; and mixtures of such acids.Halogenating agent and acid are usually used in large excess.

p-Formaldehyde is usually used in an amount at least 0.1 times, andpreferably 0.1 times to equal to, Compound (34) or (35).

Hexamethylenetetramine is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol,and preferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of compound (34) or (35).

The reaction is usually carried out at about room temperature to about150° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 100° C. Thereaction is usually finished in about 0.5 to about 10 hours.

The reaction for producing, from Compound (34), Compound (2c) whereinR¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom and the reaction for producing, from Compound(35), Compound (2d) wherein R¹⁵ is a hydrogen atom can be carried out,in a suitable solvent in the presence of an acid, by separately reactingCompound (34) and Compound (35) with hexamethylenetetramine.

These reactions are generally called Duff reactions. Acids usable hereinare those that are preferably used in Duff reactions, for example,acetic acid, boric acid/anhydrous glycerol, trifluoroacetic acid, etc.Acid is usually used in an amount at least equimolar, and preferablyequimolar to a large excess, per mol of Compound (34) or (35).

Solvents usable herein include those that are usable in the reaction ofCompound (1dd) with Compound (22) shown in Reaction Scheme 15 above.

The reactions are usually carried out at about room temperature to about200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. Thereactions are usually finished in about 0.5 to about 10 hours.

Compound (2c) wherein R¹⁵ is a lower alkyl group and Compound (2d)wherein R¹⁵ is a lower alkyl group are produced by separately reacting,in a suitable solvent in the presence of an acid, reacting Compound (34)and Compound (35) with a compound represented by

X₁COR^(15a)  (53)

wherein X₁ is as described above and R^(15a) is a lower alkyl group.

These reactions are generally called Friedel-Crafts reactions andperformed in a suitable solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Lewis acids usable herein include any Lewis acids typically used in suchFriedel-Crafts reactions, and examples are aluminium chloride, zincchloride, iron chloride, tin(IV) chloride, boron tribromide, borontrifluoride, concentrated sulfuric acid, etc.

Examples of usable solvents are carbon disulfide, nitrobenzene,chlorobenzene, and like aromatic hydrocarbons; dichloromethane,dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethane, and likehalogenated hydrocarbons; nitroethane, nitromethane, and like aliphaticnitro compounds; mixed solvents of such solvents; etc.

Lewis acid is usually used in an amount of 1 to 6 mol per mol ofcompounds (34) or (35).

Compound (53) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (34) or (35).

The reactions are usually carried out at about 0 to about 150° C., andpreferably about 0 to about 100° C. The reactions are usually finishedin about 0.5 to about 25 hours.

The reaction of Compound (34) with Compound (10) and the reaction ofCompound (2c) with Compound (10) are carried out under the sameconditions as described in connection with the reaction of Compound (1e)with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

wherein R^(1a), R², R⁴, R⁵, X₁, X₂, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above.

The reaction for producing Compound (2e) from Compound (36) and thereaction for producing Compound (2f) from Compound (37) are carried outby reacting Compound (36) with carbon monoxide gas, and Compound (37)with carbon monoxide gas, respectively, in a suitable solvent in thepresence of a catalyst and an acid alkali metal salt.

Examples of solvents and catalysts usable in these reactions includethose that are usable in the reaction of Compound (1dd) with Compound(22) shown in Reaction Scheme 15 above.

Examples of acid alkali metal salts are sodium formate, potassiumformate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, etc. Acid alkali metal saltis usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 5mol, per mol of Compound (36) or (37).

Catalyst is usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 1 mol per mol ofCompound (36) or (37).

Carbon monoxide gas is usually used in a large excess relative toCompound (36) or (37).

The reactions are usually carried out at about room temperature to about200° C., and preferably about room temperature to about 150° C. Thereactions are usually finished in about 0.5 to about 10 hours.

The reaction of Compound (36) with Compound (10) and the reaction ofCompound (2e) with Compound (10) are carried out under the sameconditions as described in connection with the reaction of Compound (1e)with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, X₁, R¹⁶, X₂, and the bond between the 3- and4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above.

The reaction of Compound (38) with Compound (39) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (34) with Compound (53) shown in Reaction Scheme 18 above.

The reaction for producing Compound (41) from Compound (40) is carriedout by reducing Compound (40) under the same conditions as described inconnection with the reaction for producing Compound (1b) from Compound(1a) using a hydride reducing agent, shown in Reaction Scheme 1 above.

The reaction for producing Compound (4a) from Compound (41) is carriedout by reacting Compound (41) with a halogenating agent either in asuitable solvent or without a solvent.

Examples of halogenating agents are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid,and like mineral acids, N,N-diethyl-1,2,2-trichlorovinylazide,phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, phosphorusoxychloride, thionyl chloride, and mixtures of sulfonyl halide compounds(mesyl chloride, tosyl chloride, and the like) with basic compounds,etc.

Basic compounds usable herein are those that are usable in the reactionof Compound (2) with Compound (3) shown in Reaction Scheme 1 above.

Examples of usable solvents are dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether,and like ethers; chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride,and like halogenated hydrocarbons; etc.

When a mixture of sulfonyl halide compound and basic compound is used asa halogenating agent, sulfonyl halide compound is usually used in anamount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 2 mol, per mol of Compound(41). Basic compound is usually used in a catalytic amount, andpreferably a catalytic to equimolar amount, relative to Compound (41).When other halogenating agents are used, the halogenating agent isusually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, and preferably 1 to 10 mol,per mol of Compound (41).

The reaction advantageously proceeds usually at room temperature to 150°C., and preferably room temperature to 100° C. The reaction is usuallyfinished in about 1 to about 10 hours.

wherein R₁, R₂, R₄, R₅, X₁, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, A₄, and the bond between the3- and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above.

The reaction of Compound (42) with Compound (46) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1e) with Compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 3 above.

The reaction for producing Compound (8) from Compound (43) is carriedout in a suitable solvent in the presence of a halogenating agent eitherin the presence or absence of a basic compound.

Examples of halogenating agents usable herein are Br₂, Cl₂, and likehalogen molecules, iodine chloride, sulfuryl chloride, copper compoundssuch as copper(I) bromide, N-bromosuccinimide and likeN-halosuccinimides, etc.

Examples of usable solvents are diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane,2-methoxyethanol, monoglyme, diglyme, and like ethers; dichloromethane,dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and like halogenatedhydrocarbons; acetic acid, propionic acid, and like aliphatic acids;carbon disulfide; etc.

Examples of basic compounds include those that are usable in thereaction of Compound (2) with Compound (3) shown in Reaction Scheme 1presented above.

Halogenating agent is usually used in an amount of 1 to 10 mol, andpreferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (43).

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of 1 to 10 mol, andpreferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (43).

The reaction is usually carried out at about 0 to about 200° C., andpreferably about 0 to about 100° C. The reaction is usually finished inabout 5 minutes to about 20 hours.

The reaction of Compound (44) with Compound (46) is carried out in asuitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound.

Examples of basic compounds usable herein are sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassiumcarbonate, and like inorganic basic compounds; sodium acetate and likealiphatic acid alkali metal salts; piperidine, triethylamine,trimethylamine, pyridine, dimethylaniline, N-ethyldiisopropylamine,dimethylaminopyridine, N-methylmorpholine, DBN, DBU, DABCO, and likeorganic bases; etc. Such basic compounds may be used singly or as acombination of two or more such compounds.

Any inert solvents are usable insofar as they do not adversely affectthe reaction, for example, water, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene,toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, monoglyme and diglyme, halogenated hydrocarbons such asdichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride,lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol,tert-butanol and ethylene glycol, aliphatic acids such as acetic acid,esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate, ketones such as acetoneand methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide,N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, mixtures of suchsolvents, etc.

Basic compound is usually used in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5 molper mol of Compound (45).

Compound (46) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mol, andpreferably about 1 to about 5 mol, per mol of Compound (45).

The reaction temperature is usually about room temperature to about 200°C., and preferably about 50 to about 150° C. The reaction is usuallyfinished in about 5 minutes to about 30 hours.

The reaction for producing Compound (43) from Compound (46) is carriedout by reducing Compound (46) under the same conditions as described inconnection with the reaction for producing Compound (1b) from Compound(1a) shown in Reaction Scheme 1 in which a catalytic hydrogenationreducing agent is used.

wherein R^(1m), R^(1n), R^(1o), R², R⁴, R⁵, M, m, and the bond betweenthe 3- and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton are as defined above.

The reaction of Compound (47) with Compound (21) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1dd) with Compound (21) shown in Reaction Scheme 15 above.

The reaction of Compound (47) with Compound (22) is carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1dd) with Compound (21) shown in Reaction Scheme 15 above.

By reacting Compound (23) with starting Compounds (24), (34), (36),(38), (42) and (47) in which R² is a hydroxyl group, the correspondingcompounds in which R² is a group as defined in (2-2), (2-4), (2-5), and(2-7) to (2-32) can be produced. These reactions are carried out underthe same conditions as described in connection with the reaction ofCompound (1gg) with Compound (23) shown in Reaction Scheme 16 above.

By reacting Compound (10) with starting Compounds (38) and (42) in whichR¹ is a hydrogen atom, the corresponding compounds in which R¹ is agroup as defined in (1-2) to (1-29) can be produced. These reactions arecarried out under the same conditions as described in connection withthe reaction of Compound (1h) with Compound (1o) shown in ReactionScheme 5 above.

Each of the objective compounds obtained according to the above reactionschemes can be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture by, forexample, after cooling the reaction mixture, performing an isolationprocedure such as filtration, concentration, extraction, etc., toseparate a crude reaction product, and then subjecting the crudereaction product to a usual purification procedure such as columnchromatography, recrystallization, etc.

The carbostyril compound of Formula (1) according to the presentinvention includes stereoisomers and optical isomers, and solvents suchas hydrate, etc.

Among the compounds of the present invention, those having a basic groupor groups can easily form salts with common pharmaceutically acceptableacids. Examples of such acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromicacid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and other inorganicacid, methansulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, citricacid, tartric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, lactic acidand other organic acid, etc.

Among the compounds of the present invention, those having an acidicgroup or groups can easily form salts by reacting with pharmaceuticallyacceptable basic compounds. Examples of such basic compounds includesodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassiumhydrogencarbonate, etc.

The following is an explanation of pharmaceutical preparationscomprising the compound of the present invention as an activeingredient.

Such pharmaceutical preparations are obtained by formulating thecompound of the present invention into usual pharmaceuticalpreparations, using usually employed diluents or excipients such asfillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrants, surfactants,lubricants, etc.

The form of such pharmaceutical preparations can be selected fromvarious forms according to the purpose of therapy. Typical examplesinclude tablets, pills, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions,granules, capsules, suppositories, injections (solutions, suspensions,etc.) and the like.

To form tablets, any of various known carriers can be used, including,for example, lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea,starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, crystalline cellulose and otherexcipients; water, ethanol, propanol, simple syrup, glucose solutions,starch solutions, gelatin solutions, carboxymethylcellulose, shellac,methylcellulose, potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and otherbinders; dry starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, laminaran powder,sodium hydrogencarbonate, calcium carbonate, fatty acid esters ofpolyoxyethylenesorbitan, sodium laurylsulfate, stearic acidmonoglyceride, starch, lactose and other disintegrants; white sugar,stearin, cacao butter, hydrogenated oils and other disintegrationinhibitors; quaternary ammonium base, sodium lauryl sulfate and otherabsorption promoters; glycerin, starch and other wetting agents; starch,lactose, kaolin, bentonite, colloidal silicic acid and other adsorbents;purified talc, stearates, boric acid powder, polyethylene glycol andother lubricants; etc.

Such tablets may be coated with usual coating materials as required, toprepare, for example, sugar-coated tablets, gelatin-coated tablets,enteric-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, double- or multi-layeredtablets, etc.

To form pills, any of various known carriers can be used, including, forexample, glucose, lactose, starch, cacao butter, hydrogenated vegetableoils, kaolin, talc and other excipients; gum arabic powder, tragacanthpowder, gelatin, ethanol and other binders; laminaran, agar and otherdisintegrants; etc.

To form suppositories, any of various known carriers can be used,including, for example, polyethylene glycol, cacao butter, higheralcohols, esters of higher alcohols, gelatin, semisynthetic glycerides,etc.

To form an injection, a solution, emulsion or suspension is sterilizedand preferably made isotonic with blood. Any of various known widelyused diluents can be employed to prepare the solution, emulsion orsuspension. Examples of such diluents include water, ethanol, propyleneglycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol,fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, etc. In this case, thepharmaceutical preparation may contain sodium chloride, glucose orglycerin in an amount sufficient to prepare an isotonic solution, andmay contain usual solubilizers, buffers, analgesic agents, etc., andfurther, if necessary, coloring agents, preservatives, flavors,sweetening agents, etc., and/or other medicines.

The proportion of the compound of the present invention in thepharmaceutical preparation is not limited and can be suitably selectedfrom a wide range. It is usually preferable that the pharmaceuticalpreparation contain the compound of the present invention in aproportion of 1 to 70 wt. %.

The route of administration of the pharmaceutical preparation accordingto the present invention is not limited, and the preparation isadministered by a route suitable for the form of the preparation,patient's age and sex, conditions of the disease, and other conditions.For example, tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granulesand capsules are administered orally. Injections are intravenouslyadministered singly or as mixed with usual injection transfusions suchas glucose solutions, amino acid solutions or the like, or singlyadministered intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously orintraperitoneally, as required. Suppositories are administeredintrarectally.

The dosage of the pharmaceutical preparation is suitably selectedaccording to the method of use, patient's age and sex, severity of thedisease, and other conditions, and is usually about 0.001 to about 100mg/kg body weight/day, and preferably 0.001 to 50 mg/kg body weight/day,in single or divided doses.

Since the dosage varies depending on various conditions, a dosagesmaller than the above range may be sufficient or a dosage larger thanthe above range may be required.

The carbostyril derivative of the present invention induces TFFproduction, such as TFF2 production, and thus is useful as an activeingredient of a TFF inducer (up-regulator), particularly TFF2 inducer.

The compound of the present invention can be used, based on its TFFproduction inducing activity, as an agent for preventing or treatingvarious diseases, for example, mucosal injury, in human and veterinarymedicines. Specific examples of diseases for which preventive ortherapeutic effects can be obtained based on TFF production inducingactivity, particularly TFF2 production inducing activity, include acuteand chronic alimentary tract diseases of various origins (e.g.,drug-induced ulcers, peptic gastric ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn'sdisease, drug-induced enteritis, ischemic colitis, irritable bowelsyndrome, ulcers developed after endoscopic demucosation, acutegastritis, chronic gastritis, reflux esophagitis, esophageal ulcer,Barrett esophagus, gastrointestinal mucositis (such as gastrointestinalmucositis caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc), hemorrhoidaldiseases, etc.); oral diseases (e.g., stomatitis (such as stomatitiscaused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, aphthous stomatitis, etc),Sjögren syndrome, xerostomia, etc.); upper respiratory tract diseases(e.g., rhinitis, pharyngitis, etc.); respiratory tract diseases (e.g.,bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive lung diseases, etc.); eye diseases(e.g., dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis, etc.); cancers; wounds; etc.

The compound of the present invention has few side effects and is highlysafe.

The carbostyril compounds of Formula (1) and salts thereof encompassedby the present invention can be administered in combination with TFFpeptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3, etc), other type of compounds having aninducing activity of TFF production, and/or other drugs (such as,anti-inflammatory agents, anti-ulcer drugs, etc).

The patents, patent applications and publications cited herein areincorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a comparison between the nucleotide sequence of the PCRproduct cloned to the plasmid pCR-Blunt-TFF2pro (Sequence Number 1 inSequence Listing) and the counterpart of the hTFF2 promoter regionreported in a gene bank (GenBank accession AB038162).

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The following Examples are intended to illustrate the present inventionin further detail.

Reference Example 1 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

8-Methoxy-1-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (21.14 g, 0.11 mol) andparaformaldehyde (10.6 g) were suspended in concentrated hydrochloricacid (105 ml), and 4 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added,followed by stirring at 70 to 80° C. for 2.5 hours. After cooling toroom temperature, ice water was added to the reaction mixture, andextraction with dichloromethane was performed. The organic layer waswashed with a saturated sodium chloride solution and dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was then distilled off underreduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 400 ml of chloroform, andhexamethylenetetramine (4.25 g, 0.03 mol) was added, followed by heatingunder reflux for 2.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, thesolvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. 50% acetic acid (110ml) was added to the residue, and stirring was carried out at 100° C.for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added, and theinsoluble matter was collected by filtration and dried to thereby obtain13.81 g (yield: 57%) of8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde as alight yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 3.80 (3H, s), 4.01 (3H, s), 6.79 (1H, d, J=9.9Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 9.05 (1H, d, J=9.9Hz), 10.14 (1H, s)

Reference Example 2 Synthesis of diethyl2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethylene)malonate

8-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde (18.9 g),diethyl malonate (26.5 ml) and piperidine (2.7 ml) were added topyridine (90 ml), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 90 to 100° C.for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture wasadded to cold concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated solidwas collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to therebyobtain 16.62 g (yield: 53%) of diethyl2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethylene)malonateas a yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.10 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz),3.80 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.05-4.3 (4H, m), 6.69 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz),7.18 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz),8.14 (1H, s)

Reference Example 3 Synthesis of diethyl2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)malonate

Diethyl2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethylene)malonate(16.62 g) and 10% palladium carbon (1.6 g) were added to 300 ml ofethanol, followed by catalytic hydrogenation at room temperature andatmospheric pressure for 6 hours. The catalyst was filtered off, and thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:1) to thereby obtain 13.59 g (yield: 81%) of diethyl2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)malonate as alight yellow oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.15-1.3 (6H, m), 3.45 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 3.60 (1H,t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.89 (3H, s), 3.95 (3H, s), 4.1-4.25 (4H, m), 6.75 (1H, d,J=9.8 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d,J=9.8 Hz)

Reference Example 4 Synthesis of diethyl2-chloro-2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)malonate

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (1.0 g) was added under ice cooling to atetrahydrofuran (THF) solution (140 ml) of 13.59 g of diethyl2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)malonate, andstirring was carried out until the generation of hydrogen stopped.N-chlorosuccinimide (5.6 g) was added, followed by stirring for 1 hour.The reaction mixture was added to cold hydrochloric acid, and extractionwith dichloromethane was performed. After drying over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, the dry product was concentrated under reduced pressure,diisopropyl ether was added to the residue, and the precipitated solidwas collected by filtration and dried to thereby obtain 12.77 g (yield:86%) of diethyl2-chloro-2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)malonateas a light yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.86 (2H, s), 3.89 (3H, s),3.92 (3H, s), 4.2-4.3 (4H, m), 6.71 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz), 6.98 (1H, d,J=8.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz)

Reference Example 5 Synthesis of2-chloro-3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propionicacid

Diethyl2-chloro-2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)malonate(5.1 g) was added to a mixture of 20 ml of acetic acid and 15 ml of 6Nhydrochloric acid, followed by heating under reflux for 9 hours. Aftercooling to room temperature, water was added to the reaction mixture,followed by cooling with ice. The precipitated solid was collected byfiltration, washed with water and dried to thereby obtain 3.1 g of2-chloro-3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propionicacid as a light yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 3.45-3.65 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 3.86 (3H, s),4.5-4.65 (1H, m), 6.62 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz), 13.4 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 6 Synthesis of diethyl2-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]malonate

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.5 g) was added under ice cooling to atetrahydrofuran (THF) solution (30 ml) of diethyl malonate (2.2 ml), andstirring was carried out until the generation of hydrogen stopped.5-(2-iodoethyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline (1.54 g)was added, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Thereaction mixture was added to cold hydrochloric acid, and extractionwith dichloromethane was performed. After drying over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, the dry product was concentrated under reduced pressure, andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=50:1→40:1). The purified product was underreduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.73 g (yield: quantitative) ofdiethyl2-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]malonateas a yellow oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.2-1.4 (6H, m), 2.1-2.25 (2H, m), 2.8-3.0 (2H, m),3.3-3.5 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.1-4.4 (4H, m), 6.75 (1H,d, J=9.7 Hz), 6.9-7.1 (2H, m), 7.92 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz)

Reference Example 7 Synthesis of diethyl of2-chloro-2-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]malonate

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.21 g) was added under ice cooling to aTHF solution (30 ml) of 1.79 g of diethyl2-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]malonate,and stirring was carried out until the generation of hydrogen stopped.N-chlorosuccinimide (0.7 g) was added, followed by stirring for 1.5hours. The reaction mixture was added to cold hydrochloric acid, andextraction with dichloromethane was performed. The extract was driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressureto thereby obtain 2.38 g (yield: quantitative) of diethyl2-chloro-2-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]malonateas a yellow oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.31 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.47 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 2.98(2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 3.93 (3H, s), 6.75 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz),6.9-7.1 (2H, m), 7.87 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz)

Reference Example 8 Synthesis of2-chloro-4-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)butyricacid

Diethyl2-chloro-2-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]malonate(2.38 g) was added to a mixture of acetic acid (10 ml) and 6Nhydrochloric acid (15 ml), and the resulting mixture was heated underreflux overnight. After cooling to room temperature, water and a smallquantity of ethanol was added to the reaction mixture, followed by icecooling. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed withwater and dried to thereby obtain 0.99 g (yield: 55%) of2-chloro-4-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)butyricacid as a gray powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.9-2.3 (2H, m), 2.8-3.1 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s),3.85 (3H, s), 4.4-4.6 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d,J=7.1 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J=7.1 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz), 13.4 (1H,brs)

Reference Example 9 Synthesis of diethyl2-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]malonate

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.39 g) was added under ice cooling to aTHF solution (30 ml) of diethyl malonate (1.85 ml), and stirring wascarried out until the generation of hydrogen stopped.5-(3-Iodopropyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline (2.89 g)was added, followed by stirring at room temperature for 4.5 hours. Thereaction mixture was added to cold hydrochloric acid, and extractionwith dichloromethane was performed. After drying over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, the dry product was concentrated under reduced pressure, andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=20:1). The purified product was concentratedunder reduced pressure to thereby obtain 2.94 g (yield: 93%) of diethyl2-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]malonateas a yellow oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.27 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.6-1.8 (2H, m), 1.95-2.1(2H, m), 2.87 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 3.56 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 3.89 (3H, s),3.95 (3H, s), 4.1-4.4 (4H, m), 6.73 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s),7.84 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz)

Reference Example 10 Synthesis of diethyl2-chloro-2-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]malonate

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.33 g) was added under ice cooling to aTHF solution (30 ml) of diethyl2-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]malonate(2.94 g), and stirring was carried out until the generation of hydrogenstopped. N-chlorosuccinimide (1.2 g) was added, followed by stirring for2 hours. The reaction mixture was added to cold hydrochloric acid, andextraction with dichloromethane was performed. The extract was driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressureto thereby obtain 4.02 g (yield: quantitative) of diethyl2-chloro-2-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]malonateas a yellow oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.26 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.6-1.9 (2H, m), 2.31 (2H,t, J=8.0 Hz), 2.88 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 3.94 (3H, s), 6.72(1H, d, J=9.8 Hz), 6.99 (2H, s), 7.79 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz)

Reference Example 11 Synthesis of2-chloro-5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)valericacid

Diethyl2-chloro-2-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]malonate(4.02 g) was added to a mixture of acetic acid (15 ml) and 6Nhydrochloric acid (20 ml), followed by heating under reflux for 24hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to thereaction mixture, followed by cooling with ice. The precipitated solidwas collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to therebyobtain 2.30 g (yield: 75%) of2-chloro-5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)valericacid as a light yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.6-2.2 (4H, m), 2.7-3.1 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s),3.84 (3H, s), 4.5-4.65 (1H, m), 6.59 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz), 13.2 (1H,brs)

Reference Example 12 Synthesis of8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

8-Methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (5 g) was dissolved indichloromethane (100 ml), and dichloromethyl methyl ether (6.4 ml) wasadded at room temperature, followed by cooling in an ice water bath.Titanium tetrachloride (85 ml) was added dropwise at a temperature nothigher than 10° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water,and the aqueous layer was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane.The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. Diethyl ether was added to theresidue and the produced solid was collected by filtration and dried tothereby obtain 5.2 g (yield: 90%) of8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.63 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.54 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.97(3H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.84 (1H, brs),10.02 (1H, s)

Reference Example 13 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

8-Methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde (2.0 g) wasdissolved in DMF (20 ml), and 0.43 g of sodium hydride (60% in oil) wasadded under ice cooling. After the addition, stirring was carried out atroom temperature until the generation of hydrogen stopped. The resultingmixture was cooled in an ice water bath again, 1.2 ml of ethyl iodidewas added dropwise, and stirring was carried out at room temperature for8 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into iced aqueous hydrochloricacid, extraction with methylene chloride was performed, and the organiclayer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography to thereby obtain 2.1 g (yield: 91%) of8-methoxy-1-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.15 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.51 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.36(2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.97 (3H, s), 4.01 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 6.98 (1H, d,J=8.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s)

Reference Example 14 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

8-Methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (15 g) was dissolved in DMF (150ml), and 3.6 g of sodium hydride (60% in oil) was added under icecooling. After the addition, stirring was carried out at roomtemperature until the generation of hydrogen stopped. The resultingmixture was cooled with ice water again, and 5.8 ml of methyl iodide wasadded dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Thesolvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 16.7 g(yield: 96%) of 8-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.5-2.6 (2H, m), 2.8-2.9 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.85(3H, s), 6.75-6.9 (2H, m), 7.0-7.05 (1H, m)

Reference Example 15 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

8-Methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (1.5 g) was dissolvedin dichloromethane (15 ml), and dichloromethyl methyl ether (0.86 ml)was added at room temperature, followed by cooling with ice water.Titanium tetrachloride (10.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Further,dichloromethyl methyl ether (1.29 ml) and titanium tetrachloride (15.8ml) were added, and stirring was carried out at room temperature for 5hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the aqueouslayer was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane. The organiclayer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure. Hexane was added to the residue, and the producedinsoluble matter was collected by filtration and dried to thereby obtain1.37 g (yield: 80%) of8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.5-2.55 (2H, m), 3.3-3.45 (2H, m), 3.96 (3H, s),6.99 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s)

Reference Example 16 Synthesis of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.49 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMFsolution (20 ml) of 6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (2.54 g),followed by stirring for 30 minutes. 4-Bromomethylbiphenyl (3.05 g) wasadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, extraction withethyl acetate was performed, and the extract was dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:6→1:2). The purified product was recrystallized froma chloroform-diisopropyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 4.06 g(yield: 92%) of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a whitepowder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.65-2.78 (2H, m), 2.89-3.03 (2H, m), 5.17 (2H,s), 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 7.23-7.39 (4H, m), 7.39-7.50 (3H, m),7.50-7.71 (4H, m)

Reference Example 17 Synthesis of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxaldehyde

A DMF solution (30 ml) of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (2.80 g),sodium formate (0.171 g) and bistriphenylphosphine palladium chloride(0.25 g) was stirred under a carbon monoxide atmosphere at 100° C. for 4hours. Water was added to the reaction mixture, extraction with ethylacetate was performed, and the extract was dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:4→1:2). The purified product was recrystallized froma chloroform-diethyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 1.95 g(yield: 78%) of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxaldehydeas a white powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.78 (2H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 3.07 (2H, t, J=8.0 Hz),5.24 (2H, s), 7.15 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.25-7.49 (5H, m), 7.55-7.82 (6H,m), 9.84 (1H, s)

Reference Example 18 Synthesis of1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxaldehyde

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (1.3 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMF solution(50 ml) of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxaldehyde (5.13 g),followed by stirring for 30 minutes. 4-chlorobenzylbromide (7.0 g) wasadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, extraction withethyl acetate was performed, and the extract was dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:10→1:4). The purified product was recrystallized froma chloroform-diisopropyl ether-n-hexane mixed solvent to thereby obtain4.13 g (yield: 47%) of1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxaldehyde as awhite powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.55 (2H, s), 7.24 (2H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.28-7.39(4H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.50-7.64 (1H, m), 8.68 (1H, dd, J=1.3,8.1 Hz), 10.24 (1H, s)

Reference Example 19 Synthesis of1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (1.3 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMF solution(50 ml) of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde (5.13 g),followed by stirring for 30 minutes. 4-chlorobenzyl bromide (7.0 g) wasadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, extraction withethyl acetate was performed, and the extract was dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:10→1:4). The purified product was recrystallized froma chloroform-diisopropyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 6.57 g(yield: 72%) of1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde as awhite powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.56 (2H, s), 7.21-7.39 (5H, m), 7.44 (1H, d,J=8.6 Hz), 7.61-7.72 (1H, m), 8.02 (1H, dd, J=1.4, 7.8 Hz), 8.59 (1H,s), 10.31 (1H, s)

Reference Example 20 Synthesis of5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

Pyridine (30 ml) and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (25 g) wereadded with stirring at 0° C. to an anhydrous dichloromethane solution(200 ml) of 5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (15.9 g), followedby stirring for 2 hours. The resulting mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure, water was added to the residue, and extraction withdichloromethane was performed. The extract was washed with water, anaqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and water in this order, anddried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After concentration under reducedpressure, the residue was recrystallized from an ethylacetate-diisopropyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 28 g (yield:97%) of 5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as alight brown powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.67 (2H, dd, J=6.3 Hz, J=8.8 Hz), 3.07 (2H, t,J=7.2 Hz), 6.80-6.90 (1H, m), 6.90-7.02 (1H, m), 7.16-7.32 (1H, m), 8.95(1H, brs)

Reference Example 21 Synthesis of 5-cyano-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

5-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (1.5 g),zinc cyanide (1.3 g) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.59 g)were suspended in DMF (20 ml), and the suspension was stirred at 100° C.for 2 hours. The insoluble matter was filtered off, and ethyl acetatewas added to the filtrate, followed by washing with water. The resultingmixture was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentratedunder reduced pressure, and the residue was recrystallized from an ethylacetate-diethyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 0.71 g (yield:81%) of 5-cyano-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a light brown powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.45-2.60 (2H, m), 3.05 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz),7.08-7.18 (1H, m), 7.28-7.40 (2H, m), 10.37 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 22 Synthesis of2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

5-Cyano-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (100 mg) and Raney nickel (100 mg)were suspended in formic acid (10 ml), and the suspension was heatedunder reflux for 2 hours. An additional 100 mg of Raney nickel wasadded, followed by heating under reflux for 1 hour. The reaction mixturewas filtered to remove the insoluble matter, and the filtrate wasconcentrated. Ethyl acetate and water were added to the residue, andafter stirring, the mixture was filtered through Celite. The filtratewas separated into layers, and the organic layer was washed with waterand dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, the residue was recrystallized from an ethylacetate-n-hexane mixed solvent to thereby obtain 77 mg (yield: 76%) of2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde as a light brownpowder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.39-2.51 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz),7.10-7.17 (1H, m), 7.31-7.41 (1H, m), 7.44-7.50 (1H, m), 10.18 (1H, s),10.26 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 23 Synthesis of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.25 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMFsolution (10 ml) of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde(1.0 g), followed by stirring for 30 minutes. 4-bromomethylbiphenyl(1.69 g) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Water was added to the reaction mixture, andextraction with ethyl acetate was performed. The extract was washed witha saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:4→1:2). The purified product was recrystallized froma chloroform-diisopropyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 1.11 g(yield: 56%) of1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a colorless plate crystals.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.65-2.78 (2H, m), 3.45 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 5.24(2H, s), 7.21-7.49 (7H, m), 7.49-7.57 (1H, m), 7.57-7.70 (4H, m), 10.24(1H, s)

Reference Example 24 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

8-Methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde (42 g) wassuspended in toluene (400 ml), and ethylene glycol (33.7 ml) andp-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.78 g) were added, and theresulting mixture was heated under reflux in a Dean-Stark apparatus for4.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 10 ml of an aqueoussolution containing 1.72 g of sodium bicarbonate was added. Stirring wascarried out for some time, and the produced solid was collected byfiltration. The solid was washed with water and toluene and dried at 60°C. to thereby obtain 35.5 g (yield: 70%) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as whitecrystals.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.33-2.44 (2H, m), 2.85-2.98 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H,s), 3.86-4.08 (4H, m), 5.78 (1H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.07 (1H,d, J=8.5 Hz), 8.97 (1H, s)

Reference Example 25 Synthesis of1-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

Sodium hydride (55% in oil) (2.1 g) was added in small portions underice cooling to a DMF solution (70 ml) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (10 g),and stirring was carried out at room temperature until the generation ofhydrogen stopped. The resulting mixture was cooled with ice again, and aDMF solution (30 ml) of 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl pyridine (9.74 g) wasadded dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 4 hours, thereaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the produced insolublematter was collected by filtration. The solid was washed with water anddiethyl ether and dried to thereby obtain 11.84 g (yield: 79%) of1-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a light yellow solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.47-2.53 (2H, m), 2.88-2.94 (2H, m), 3.63 (3H,s), 3.91-4.04 (4H, m), 5.08 (2H, s), 5.80 (1H, s), 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.6Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.60 (1H, dd,J₁=2.3 Hz, J₂=8.3 Hz), 8.19 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz)

Reference Example 26 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-1-[6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1-(6-Chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(0.4 g), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (48.8 mg),4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (92.6 mg) and sodiumtert-butoxide (0.15 g) were suspended in toluene (10.6 ml).N-methylaniline (0.17 g) was added, and the resulting mixture was heatedunder reflux in an argon atmosphere for 13 hours. After concentrationunder reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:1→dichloromethane:methanol=20:1). The purifiedproduct was concentrated under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.45 g(yield: 95%) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-1-[6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas an amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.52-2.58 (2H, m), 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s),3.83 (3H, s), 3.98-4.12 (4H, m), 5.22 (2H, s), 5.81 (1H, s), 6.39 (1H,d, J=8.7 Hz), 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 7.13-7.26 (4H, m), 7.33-7.39 (3H,m), 7.99 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz)

Reference Example 27 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-[6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

Pyridinium p-toluene sulfonate (PPTS) (0.54 g) was added to a mixedsolution of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-1-[6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(0.95 g) in acetone (19 ml) and water (9.5 ml), followed by heatingunder reflux for 2 hours. An aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solutionwas added to the reaction mixture, and extraction with ethyl acetate wasperformed. The extract was washed twice with water, washed with asaturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:1). Thepurified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to therebyobtain 0.69 g (yield: 81%) of8-methoxy-1-[6-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a light yellow amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.53-2.59 (2H, m), 3.28-3.34 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s),3.95 (3H, s), 5.23 (2H, s), 6.37 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.6Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J₁=2.4 Hz, J₂=8.8 Hz), 7.16-7.21 (3H, m), 7.33-7.39(2H, m), 7.54 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s)

Reference Example 28 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-1-(6-thiophen-3-ylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1-(6-Chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(0.4 g), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.12 g) and a 2N aqueoussolution of sodium carbonate (2.5 ml) were suspended in 8 ml of1,2-dimethoxyethane, and 0.20 g of 3-thiopheneboronic acid was added,followed by heating under reflux in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours.Water was added to the reaction mixture, and extraction with ethylacetate was performed. The extract was washed twice with water, washedwith a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:1). The purified product was concentrated underreduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.45 g (yield: 95%) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-1-(6-thiophen-3-ylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a light brown amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.49-2.51 (2H, m), 2.89-2.91 (2H, m), 3.71 (3H,s), 3.91-4.04 (4H, m), 5.19 (2H, s), 5.79 (1H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.51-7.74 (4H, m), 8.09-8.10 (1H, m), 8.32(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz)

Reference Example 29 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-(6-thiophen-3-ylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) (0.24 g) was added to a mixedsolution of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-1-(6-thiophen-3-ylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(0.4 g) in acetone (8 ml) and water (4 ml), followed by heating underreflux 1.5 hours. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure, subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, washed withwater, washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried oversodium sulfate, filtrated, and concentrated under reduced pressure tothereby obtain 0.4 g (yield: quantitative) of8-methoxy-1-(6-thiophen-3-ylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a light brown amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.51-2.58 (2H, m), 3.34-3.41 (2H, m), 3.81 (3H,s), 5.19 (2H, s), 7.09 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.54-7.74 (5H, m), 8.09-8.10(1H, m), 8.35 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 10.03 (1H, s)

Reference Example 30 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

5-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (2.30 g, 10.5 mmol),iodobenzene (3.5 ml, 31.5 mmol), copper(I) iodide (400 mg, 2.10 mmol),trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (0.129 ml, 1.05 mmol) and cesium carbonate(6.84 g, 21.0 mmol) were stirred in 30 ml of 1,4-dioxane under refluxfor three days. After cooling, the insoluble matter was filtered offthrough a Celite pad. Ethyl acetate and water were added to thefiltrate, and the resulting mixture was washed (twice with water andonce with a saturated sodium chloride solution), dried (MgSO₄), andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:3→1:1) to therebyobtain 2.91 g (yield: 92%) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a whitesolid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.75-2.90 (2H, m), 3.11-3.27 (2H, m), 3.98-4.25 (4H,m), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.39 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.05 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz),7.16-7.30 (3H, m), 7.35-7.56 (3H, m)

Reference Example 31 Synthesis of1-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

2N Hydrochloric acid (5 ml) was added to a solution of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (2.60 g) inTHF (30 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Afterdistilling off THF under reduced pressure, ethyl acetate-water wasadded, and the resulting mixture was washed (twice with water and oncewith a saturated sodium chloride solution), dried (MgSO₄), andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained solid wasrecrystallized from chloroform-diethyl ether to thereby obtain 1.93 g(yield: 87%) of1-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde as a beigepowder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.75-2.89 (2H, m), 3.53-3.68 (2H, m), 6.65 (1H, dd,J=0.9 Hz, J=8.2 Hz), 7.15-7.20 (3H, m), 7.39-7.61 (4H, m), 10.24 (1H, s)

Reference Example 32 Synthesis of5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxaldehyde

5-Methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (5.00 g, 26 mmol) was dissolvedin dichloromethane (100 ml), and dichloromethyl methyl ether (7.65 ml,85 mmol) was added at 0° C. Titanium tetrachloride (12.4 ml, 113 mmol)was added dropwise at a temperature not higher than 10° C. Stirring wascarried out at room temperature for 2 hours, and the reaction mixturewas poured into ice water and separated into layers. The aqueous layerwas subjected to extraction with dichloromethane. The organic layerswere combined and washed twice with water, washed with a saturatedsodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved indichloromethane, diethyl ether was added, and the produced insolublematter was collected by filtration and dried to thereby obtain 5.32 g(yield: 92%) of5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxaldehyde as a lightbrown powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.55-2.67 (2H, m), 2.90-3.04 (2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s),6.69 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 9.79 (1H, s), 10.60 (1H,brs)

Reference Example 33 Synthesis of5-methoxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

5-Methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxaldehyde (1.00 g)and 10% palladium carbon (100 mg) were added to a mixed solvent ofacetic acid (10 ml) and ethanol (10 ml), followed by catalytic reductionat 50° C. for 1 hour. The catalyst was filtered off, and the filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected toextraction with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed twice withwater, washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was recrystallized from an ethyl acetate-diethyl ether mixedsolvent to thereby obtain 826 mg (yield: 89%) of5-methoxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a white powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.04 (3H, s), 2.54-2.65 (2H, m), 2.89-3.02 (2H, m),3.81 (3H, s), 6.51 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.37 (1H,brs)

Reference Example 34 Synthesis of5-hydroxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

A 2N dichloromethane solution (52 ml) of boron tribromide was addeddropwise at −20° C. to a dichloromethane solution (100 ml) of5-methoxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (10.0 g). Afterstirring for 1 hour, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water andseparated into layers. The organic layer was washed twice with water,washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas recrystallized from an ethyl acetate-diethyl ether mixed solvent tothereby obtain 9.4 g (yield: quantitative) of5-hydroxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a white powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.14 (3H, s), 2.60-2.65 (2H, m), 2.94-2.99 (2H, m),5.50 (1H, brs), 6.45 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.40(1H, brs)

Reference Example 35 Synthesis of8-methyl-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

Pyridine (6.2 ml) and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (10.3 ml) wereadded with stirring at 0° C. to an anhydrous dichloromethane solution(30 ml) of 5-hydroxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (9.0 g),followed by stirring for 1 hour. The resulting mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, water was added to the residue, and extractionwith dichloromethane was performed. The extract was washed with water,an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and water in this order,and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After concentration underreduced pressure, the residue was recrystallized from an ethylacetate-diisopropyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 28 g (yield:97%) of8-methyl-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one asa light brown powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.26 (3H, s), 2.60-2.73 (2H, m), 2.99-3.12 (2H, m),6.89 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.67 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 36 Synthesis of5-cyano-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

8-Methyl-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(4.0 g), zinc cyanide (3.34 g) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0.299 g) were suspended in DMF (40 ml), and the suspension was stirredat 100° C. for 4 hours. The insoluble matter was filtered off, and ethylacetate was added to the filtrate, followed by washing with water. Afterdrying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the dry product wasconcentrated, and the residue was recrystallized from a DMF-ethanolmixed solvent to thereby obtain 2.1 g (yield: 87%) of5-cyano-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a light brown powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.31 (3H, s), 2.64-2.75 (2H, m), 3.15-3.27 (2H, m),7.14 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 7.67 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 37 Synthesis of8-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

5-Cyano-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (2.0 g) and Raney nickel(10 g) were suspended in formic acid (40 ml), and the suspension washeated under reflux for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered toremove the insoluble matter, and the filtrate was concentrated. Ethylacetate and water were added to the residue, and after stirring, themixture was filtered through Celite. The filtrate was separated intolayers, and the organic layer was washed with water and dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate. After concentration under reduced pressure,the residue was recrystallized from an ethyl acetate-diethyl ether mixedsolvent to thereby obtain 1.29 g (yield: 62%) of8-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde as a lightbrown powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.30 (3H, s), 2.37-2.50 (2H, m), 3.28-3.43 (2H,m), 7.26 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 9.56 (1H, s), 10.15(1H, s)

Reference Example 38 Synthesis of5-methoxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

8-Bromo-5-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (10.0 g),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.45 g) and potassium carbonate(5.4 g) were suspended in dioxane (100 ml), and phenylboronic acid (5.24g) was added, followed by heating under reflux in an argon atmospherefor 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure, water was added to the residue, and the resulting mixture wassubjected to extraction with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed twicewith water, washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was recrystallized from an ethyl acetate-n-hexane mixedsolvent to thereby obtain 8.3 g (yield: 84%) of5-methoxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one as a light yellowpowder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.57-2.64 (2H, m), 2.97-3.04 (3H, m), 3.88 (2H, s),6.66 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.27-7.52 (6H, m)

Reference Example 39 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.87 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMFsolution (50 ml) of 5-methoxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(5.0 g), followed by stirring for 30 minutes. 4-Bromomethylbiphenyl(5.37 g) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Water was added to the reaction mixture, andextraction with ethyl acetate was performed. The extract was washed witha saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:10→1:5). The purified product was recrystallized froman ethyl acetate-n-hexane-diethyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain6.8 g (yield: 82%) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a white powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.64-2.70 (2H, m), 2.84-2.96 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s),4.49 (2H, s), 6.73 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.91 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.13 (1H,d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.24-7.55 (12H, m)

Reference Example 40 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-hydroxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

A dichloromethane solution (12 ml) of 2N boron tribromide was addeddropwise at −20° C. to a dichloromethane solution (50 ml) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(5.00 g). After stirring for 4 hours, the reaction mixture was pouredinto ice water and separated into layers. The organic layer was washedtwice with water, washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution,dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was recrystallized from adichloromethane-diisopropyl ether mixed solvent to thereby obtain 5.01 g(yield: quantitative) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-hydroxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a white powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.66-2.74 (2H, m), 2.84-2.90 (2H, m), 4.48 (2H, s),5.84 (1H, brs), 6.61 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 6.92 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.01(1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22-7.54 (12H, m)

Reference Example 41 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-phenyl-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

Pyridine (1.12 ml) and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1.99 ml) wereadded with stirring at 0° C. to an anhydrous dichloromethane solution(40 ml) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-hydroxy-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(4.0 g), followed by stirring for 1 hour. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, water was added to the residue, andextraction with dichloromethane was performed. The extract was washedwith water, an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and water inthis order, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated underreduced pressure to thereby obtain 5.45 g (yield: quantitative) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-phenyl-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a white amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.67-2.81 (2H, m), 2.90-3.03 (2H, m), 4.48 (2H, s),6.85 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 7.20-7.58 (13H, m)

Reference Example 42 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-cyano-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-phenyl-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(5.2 g), zinc cyanide (2.50 g) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0.224 g) were suspended in DMF (50 ml), followed by stirring at 100° C.for 4 hours. The insoluble matter was filtered off, and ethyl acetatewas added to the filtrate, and the resulting mixture was washed withwater. After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the dry productwas concentrated to thereby obtain 2.1 g (yield: 90%) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-cyano-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a white amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.75-2.82 (2H, m), 3.09-3.15 (2H, m), 4.48 (2H, s),6.85 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.20-7.57 (14H, m)

Reference Example 43 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

1-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-cyano-8-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(3.0 g) and Raney nickel (15 g) were suspended in formic acid (60 ml),and the suspension was heated under reflux for 11 hours. The reactionmixture was filtered to remove the insoluble matter, and the filtratewas concentrated. Ethyl acetate and water were added to the residue, andafter stirring, the mixture was filtered through Celite. The filtratewas separated into layers, and the organic layer was washed with water,dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:10→1:3). The purified product was concentratedto thereby obtain 0.44 g (yield: 15%) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-8-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a white amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.69-2.75 (2H, m), 2.37-2.43 (2H, m), 4.48 (2H, s),6.87 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.25-7.55 (13H, m), 7.61 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),10.20 (1H, s)

Reference Example 44 Synthesis of1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (1.07 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMFsolution (50 ml) of8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde (5.0 g),followed by stirring for 30 minutes. Benzyl bromide (3.47 ml) was added,and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.Water was added to the reaction mixture, and extraction with ethylacetate was performed. The extract was washed with a saturated sodiumchloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized froman ethyl acetate-n-hexane mixed solvent to thereby obtain 6.6 g (yield:92%) of1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde asa white powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.60 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.38 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.82(3H, s), 5.29 (2H, s), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.0-7.3 (5H, m), 7.5 (1H,d, J=8.6 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s)

Reference Example 45 Synthesis of1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde(3.0 g) and sodium 4-methylbenzenethiolate (3.27 g) were added to DMSO(30 ml), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 40 minutes. Water and anaqueous solution of potassium hydrogensulfate were added to the reactionmixture, and extraction with ethyl acetate was performed. The extractwas washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was recrystallized from an ethyl acetate-n-hexane mixedsolvent to thereby obtain 6.6 g (yield: 92%) of1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde asa light brown powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.42-2.59 (2H, m), 3.19-3.40 (2H, m), 5.31 (2H,s), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.05-7.27 (5H, m), 7.43 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz),9.94 (1H, s), 11.12 (1H, s)

Reference Example 46 Synthesis of1-(4-carbomethoxybenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

Sodium hydride (60% in oil) (2.87 g) was added at 0° C. to a DMFsolution (100 ml) of8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde (13.4 g),followed by stirring for 30 minutes. Methyl 4-bromomethyl benzoate (18.0g) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and extraction withethyl acetate was performed. The extract was washed with a saturatedsodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:4→1:2). The purifiedproduct was recrystallized from a chloroform-diisopropyl ether mixedsolvent to thereby obtain 14.43 g (yield: 62%) of1-(4-carbomethoxybenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a white powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.50-2.61 (2H, m), 3.29-3.41 (2H, m), 3.71 (3H,s), 3.79 (3H, s), 5.18 (2H, s), 7.06 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 7.25 (2H, d,J=8.2 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s)

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 41, the compounds of Reference Examples 47 to 50 weresynthesized.

Reference Example 478-Chloro-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.63-2.75 (2H, m), 3.02-3.15 (2H, m), 6.94 (1H, d,J=8.9 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.9 Hz), 7.85 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 486-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.60-2.73 (2H, m), 3.01 (2H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 6.81-6.92(1H, m), 7.00-7.12 (2H, m), 9.09 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 497-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.60-2.71 (2H, m), 3.00 (2H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 6.70-6.77(1H, m), 6.84-6.95 (1H, m), 7.16-7.30 (1H, m), 8.80 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 508-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.63-2.75 (2H, m), 3.05 (2H, t, J=7.9 Hz), 7.03 (1H,t, J=7.9 Hz), 7.12-7.28 (2H, m), 7.78 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 51 Synthesis of6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carbonitrile

2-(4,4-Dimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaboronan-2-yl)-benzoic acid ethyl ester(19.84 g), 2-iodo-4-cyanoaniline (18.47 g),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (8.75 g) and potassium phosphate(35.36 g) were added to dioxane (360 ml), and the resulting mixture washeated under reflux overnight. The reaction solvent was cooled, and theproduced solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and driedto thereby obtain 17.3 g (yield: quantitative) of the title compound asa yellow solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 7.47 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.6-8.0 (3H, m), 8.1-8.2(1H, m), 8.3-8.4 (1H, m), 8.98 (1H, s), 12.05 (1H, brs)

Reference Example 52 Synthesis of5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carbonitrile

6-Oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carbonitrile (1 g) was suspended inDMF (20 ml), 60% sodium hydride (0.2 g) was added under ice cooling, andstirring was carried out until the generation of hydrogen stopped.Benzyl bromide (0.59 ml) was added, followed by stirring at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Water was added, and the produced solid wascollected by filtration and purified by silica gel chromatography(dichloromethane:n-hexane=1:1) to thereby obtain 0.68 g (yield: 48%) ofthe title compound as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.57 (2H, s), 7.1-7.5 (6H, m), 7.6-7.95 (3H, m),8.27 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 8.58 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 8.63 (1H, dd, J=8.3 Hz,J=1.8 Hz)

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 52, the compounds of Reference Examples 53 to 54 weresynthesized.

Reference Example 535-Ethyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carbonitrile

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.43 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 4.47 (2H, t, J=7.1 Hz),7.35-7.9 (4H, m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 8.5-8.65 (2H, m)

Reference Example 545-(1-Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carbonitrile

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.57 (2H, s), 7.1-7.5 (6H, m), 7.6-7.95 (3H, m),8.27 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 8.58 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 8.63 (1H, dd, J=8.3 Hz,J=1.8 Hz)

Reference Example 55 Synthesis of5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carboxaldehyde

5-Benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carbonitrile (1.24 g) andRaney nickel (0.8 g) were suspended in 75% formic acid (25 ml). Thesuspension was heated under reflux for 1 hour and 40 minutes, andfiltered while hot. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silicagel chromatography (methylene chloride:methanol=50:1) to thereby obtain1.08 g (yield: 80%) of the title compound as a colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.69 (2H, s), 7.15-7.35 (6H, m), 7.5-8.05 (3H, m),8.47 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 8.70 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.63 (1H, d, J=1.4 Hz),10.08 (1H, s)

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 55, the compound of Reference Example 56 wassynthesized.

Reference Example 565-Ethyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carboxaldehyde

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.45 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 4.50 (2H, t, J=7.1 Hz),7.15-7.35 (6H, m), 7.5-8.15 (4H, m), 8.39 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.56 (1H,dd, J=8.1 Hz, J=1.3 Hz), 8.81 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 10.11 (1H, s)

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 13, the compounds of Reference Examples 104 to 130,133, 134 and 137 to 141 were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 19, the compounds of Reference Examples 147 and 148were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 21, the compounds of Reference Examples 57 to 63 weresynthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 23, the compounds of Reference Examples 144 to 145 and152 to 156 were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 24, the compounds of Reference Examples 70, 71 and 81were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 25, the compounds of Reference Examples 64 to 69, 72,79, 80, 82 and 83 were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 26, the compounds of Reference Examples 75 to 77 weresynthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 28, the compounds of Reference Examples 74 and 78 weresynthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 29, the compounds of Reference Examples 98, 99, 100 to103, 131, 135, 136 and 146 were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 31, the compounds of Reference Examples 84 to 97 and142 were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 37, the compounds of Reference Examples 149 to 151were synthesized.

TABLE 1

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹HNMR dppm 57 —H —OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.65-2.72 (2H, m),3.15-3.22 (2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d,J = 8.6 Hz), 7.82 (1H, brs).″ 58 —H —Cl CDCl₃: 2.82-2.68 (2H, m),3.20-3.32 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz),7.85 (1H, brs).

TABLE 2

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹HNMR dppm 59 —H —H DMSO-d₆: 2.41-2.55 (2H, m), 2.91(2H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.55-7.67 (2H, m), 10.49(1H, brs). 60 —H —CH₃ CDCl₃:: 2.67 (3H, s), 2.61-2.72 (2H, m), 2.94-3.08(2H, m), 7.30-7.39 (2H, m), 7.66 (1H, brs). 61 —H —OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.62-2.69(2H, m), 2.96-3.03 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.01 (1H, s), 7.13 (1H, s),7.86 (1H, brs). 62

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.65-2.71 (2H, m), 2.85-2.92 (2H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 5.38(2H, s), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.15 (2H,d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.30-7.36 (1H, m), 7.36-7.49 (4H, m), 7.49-7.59 (2H, m).63

—CH₃ CDCl₃: 2.40 (3H, s), 2.57-2.70 (2H, m), 2.77-2.90 (2H, m), 5.17(2H, s), 7.13 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.29-7.37 (3H, m), 7.37-7.50 (4H, m),7.50-7.90 (2H, m).

TABLE 3

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ R²⁰¹ ¹HNMR dppm 64 —H —H —Br —H —H —HCDCl₃: 2.70-2.83 (2H, m), 3.01-3.16 (2H, m), 3.97-4.22 (4H, m), 5.12(2H, s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 8.1 Hz), 7.02-7.19 (3H,m), 7.22-7.31 (1H, m), 7.38-7.50 (2H, m). 65 —H —H —Cl —H —H —H CDCl₃:2.68-2.82 (2H, m), 3.02-3.17 (2H, m), 3.97- 4.20 (4H, m), 5.14 (2H, s),5.95 (1H, s), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 8.1 Hz), 7.05-7.18 (3H, m),7.20-7.33 (3H, m). 66 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H —H CDCl₃: 2.30 (3H, s), 2.68-2.82(2H, m), 3.01-3.16 (2H, m), 3.97-4.20 (4H, m), 5.14 (2H, s), 5.95 (1H,s), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 8.1 Hz), 7.04-7.17 (5H, m), 7.24 (1H, dd, J =0.8, 8.1). 67 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H —OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.55-2.66 (2H, m),2.87-2.99 (2H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 3.96-4.18 (4H, m), 5.25 (2H, s), 5.84(1H, s), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.84 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.94 (2H,dd, J = 1.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.03-7.22 (3H, m), 7.22-7.36 (3H, m). 68 —H —H—CO₂CH₃ —H —H —H CDCl₃: 2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 3.09-3.15 (2H, m), 3.89 (3H,s), 4.04-4.17 (4H, m), 5.23 (2H, s), 5.96 (1H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 7.9Hz), 7.11 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.25-7.28 (3H, m), 7.98 (2H, d, J = 8.3Hz) 69 —H —H —NO₂ —H —H —H CDCl₃: 2.76-2.82 (2H, m), 3.10-3.16 (2H, m),4.05- 4.15 (4H, m), 5.27 (2H, s), 5.96 (1H, s), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.0Hz), 7.14 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.37 (2H, d, J= 8.8 Hz), 8.18 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz)

TABLE 4

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹HNMR dppm 70 —H —OCH₃ DMSO-d₆: 2.33-2.44 (2H, m),2.85-2.98 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.86-4.08 (4H, m), 5.78 (1H, s), 6.86(1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.97 (1H, s). 71 —H —HCDCl₃: 2.56-2.70 (2H, m), 3.01-3.18 (2H, m), 3.97-4.22 (4H, m), 5.93(1H, s), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 7.6 Hz), 7.13-7.31 (2H, m), 8.52 (1H,s). 72

—H CDCl₃: 2.77-2.89 (2H, m), 3.07-3.21 (2H, m), 3.98- 4.19 (4H, m), 5.34(2H, s), 5.96 (1H, s), 6.89- 6.97 (1H, m), 7.02-7.12 (1H, m), 7.19-7.29(1H, m), 7.31-7.40 (1H, m), 7.40-7.53 (2H, m), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.69-7.88(3H, m). 73 —C₆H₅ —H CDCl₃: 2.75-2.90 (2H, m), 3.11-3.27 (2H, m),3.98-4.25 (4H, m), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.39 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.05 (1H, t,J = 8.0 Hz), 7.16- 7.30 (3H, m), 7.35-7.56 (3H, m). 74

—OCH₃ DMSO-d₆: 2.49-2.55 (2H, m), 2.89-2.91 (2H, m), 3.70 (3H, s),3.91-4.04 (4H, m), 5.20 (2H, s), 5.80 (1H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz),7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.42-7.67 (4H, m), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz),8.09-8.10 (1H, m), 8.42 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz) 75

—OCH₃ DMSO-d₆: 2.49-2.52 (2H, m), 2.77-2.80 (2H, m), 3.24-3.26 (4H, m),3.61-3.63 (4H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 3.90-4.02 (4H, m), 5.12 (2H, s), 6.65(1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),7.25-7.28 (1H, m), 7.85 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz)

TABLE 5

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 76

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.57-2.60 (2H, m), 2.86-2.89 (2H, m), 3.24- 3.28 (4H, m),3.59-3.63 (4H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.99-4.13 (4H, m), 5.23 (2H, s), 5.81(1H, s), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.85-6.90(1H, m), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.22-7.34 (4H, m), 7.98 (1H, d, J =2.2 Hz) 77

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.32 (3H, s), 2.46-2.50 (4H, m), 2.54-2.59 (2H, m),2.85-2.90 (2H, m), 3.45-3.49 (4H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.99-4.12 (4H, m),5.22 (2H, s), 5.80 (1H, s), 6.49 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.75 (1H, d, J =8.7 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.95 (1H,d, J = 2.3 Hz) 78

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.62-2.66 (2H, m), 2.95-2.99 (2H, m), 3.71 (3H, s),3.99-4.14 (4H, m), 5.31 (2H, s), 5.84 (1H, s), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz),7.23- 7.29 (2H, m), 7.46-7.82 (2H, m), 8.22-8.33 (2H, m), 8.47-8.48 (1H,m), 8.63-8.65 (1H, m) 79

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.69-2.74 (2H, m), 3.11-3.16 (2H, m), 3.45 (3H, s),4.03-4.17 (4H, m), 5.36 (2H, s), 5.91 (1H, s), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.25-7.31 (2H, m), 7.44-7.50 (1H, m), 7.64-7.69 (1H, m), 7.76 (1H, d, J= 8.1 Hz), 8.02 (2H, t, J = 9.3 Hz) 80

—H CDCl₃: 2.72-2.78 (2H, m), 3.06-3.12 (2H, m), 4.02- 4.17 (4H, m), 5.17(2H, s), 5.94 (1H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.13-7.31 (2H, m), 7.49(1H, dd, J1 = 2.5 Hz, J2 = 8.2 Hz), 8.32 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz)

TABLE 6

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ ¹HNMR dppm 81 —H DMSO-d₆: 2.35-2.51 (2H, m), 2.86 (2H, t,J = 7.9 Hz), 3.84- 4.08 (4H, m), 5.61 (1H, s), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz),7.12- 7.25 (2H, m), 10.12 (1H, s). 82

CDCl₃: 2.71-2.82 (2H, m), 2.91-3.06 (2H, m), 3.94-4.18 (4H, m), 5.12(2H, s), 5.71 (1H, s), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.5Hz), 7.15-7.27 (1H, m), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.35-7.46 (2H, m). 83

CDCl₃: 2.73-2.87 (2H, m), 2.94-3.10 (2H, m), 3.97-4.20 (4H, m), 5.26(2H, s), 5.71 (1H, s), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 1.9,8.4 Hz), 7.30-7.41 (3H, m), 8.16 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz).

TABLE 7

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹HNMR dppm 84 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H CDCl₃:2.62 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.41 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.33(2H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.25-7.6(5H, m), 10.00 (1H, s) 85 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H CDCl₃: 1.23 (9H, s),2.55-2.65 (2H, m), 3.3- 3.4 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.27 (2H, s), 6.86(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz),7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s) 86 —H —H —H —C₆H₅ —H CDCl₃: 2.63(2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.42 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 5.36 (2H,s), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.2-7.65 (7H,m), 10.02 (1H, s) 87 —H —H —H —H —C₆H₅ CDCl₃: 2.52 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz),3.18 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.45 (3H, s), 5.34 (2H, s), 6.67 (1H, d, J =8.6 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.1-7.5 (10H, m), 9.98 (1H, s) 88 —H—H —NO₂ —H —H DMSO-d₆: 2.52-2.65 (2H, m), 2.34-2.46 (2H, m), 3.66 (3H,s), 5.16 (2H, s), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.63 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.11 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.04 (1H, s). 89 —H—H —CO₂H —H —H DMSO-d₆: 2.4-2.64 (2H, m), 3.20-3.50 (2H, m), 3.73 (3H,s), 5.19 (2H, s), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.22 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.78 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 10.01 (1H, s), 12.80(1H, brs).

TABLE 8

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹HNMR dppm: 90 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —HDMSO-d₆: 2.40-2.59 (2H, m), 3.17-3.38 (2H, m), 3.63 (3H, s), 3.87 (3H,s), 5.16 (2H, s), 6.73 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.99 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.98 (1H, s). 91 —H—H —Cl —H —H CDCl₃: 2.60 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.39 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz),3.82 (3H, s), 5.23 (2H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.98-7.06 (2H, m),7.13-7.21 (2H, m), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s). 92 —H —H —Br—H —H DMSO-d₆: 2.42-2.60 (2H, m), 3.22-3.39 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 5.12(2H, s), 7.00-7.15 (3H, m), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J =8.7 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s). 93 —H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ —H —H CDCl₃: 2.53-2.63 (2H,m), 3.29-3.40 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.96 (2H, s), 5.25 (2H, s), 6.78(2H, dd, J = 2.1, 6.7 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, d, J =8.7 Hz), 7.25-7.42 (5H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s). 94—H —H —F —H —H DMSO-d₆: 2.44-2.58 (2H, m), 3.23-3.38 (2H, m), 3.80 (3H,s), 5.16 (2H, s), 6.94-7.19 (5H, m), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 10.00(1H, s). 95 —H —H —CN —H —H DMSO-d₆: 2.50-2.64 (2H, m), 3.32-3.45 (2H,m), 3.66 (3H, s), 5.13 (2H, s), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.32 (2H, d, J= 8.2 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.69 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 10.04(1H, s). 96 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H CDCl₃: 2.23 (3H, s), 2.55-2.62 (2H, m),3.32-3.39 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.28 (2H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),6.90-7.11 (4H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s).

TABLE 9

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹H-NMR dppm 97 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —HCDCl₃: 2.60 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.37 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.86 (3H, s),5.27 (2H, s), 6.75-6.97 (5H,m), 7.00-7.12 (3H, m), 7.22-7.37 (2H, m),7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s). 98 —H —H —CO₂CH₃ —H —H CDCl₃:2.77-2.83 (2H, m), 3.51-3.57 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 5.26 (2H, s), 7.03(1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.26-7.32 (3H, m), 7.50(2H, dd, J1 = 0.9 Hz, J2 =7.7 Hz), 10.21 (1H, s)

TABLE 10

Ref. Ex. R¹²¹ ¹HNMR dppm: 99 —C₆H₅ DMSO-d₆: 2.52-2.59 (2H, m), 3.18-3.25(2H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 5.21 (2H, s), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.39-7.66(5H, m), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.01- 8.03 (1H, m), 8.44-8.45 (1H,m), 10.04 (1H, s) 100 -2-PYRIDYL CDCl₃: 2.61-2.67 (2H, m), 3.39-3.45(2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 5.34 (2H, s), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.25-7.30(1H, m), 7.46-7.82 (3H, m), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.30 (1H, J = 8.0Hz), 8.45 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.64 (1H, d, 4.7 Hz), 10.01 (1H, s) 101

DMSO-d₆: 2.47-2.52 (2H, m), 3.23-3.33 (6H, m), 3.61-3.65 (4H, m), 3.90(3H, s), 5.12 (2H, s), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.7Hz), 7.29 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.2 Hz, J2 = 8.8 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, 8.7 Hz), 7.87(1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s) 102

CDCl₃: 2.55-2.60 (2H, m), 3.23-3.27 (4H, m), 3.30- 3.36 (2H, m),3.58-3.62 (4H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 5.24 (2H, s), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz),6.85-6.97 (4H, m), 7.24-7.31 (3H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.93(1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 9.99 (1H, s) 103

CDCl₃: 2.31 (3H, s), 2.45-2.49 (4H, m), 2.54-2.60 (2H, m), 3.29-3.35(2H, m), 3.44-3.48 (4H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 3.99-4.12 (4H, m), 5.22 (2H,s), 6.48 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.23-7.28 (1H,m), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 9.99 (1H, s)

TABLE 11

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ ¹HNMR dppm: 104 —(CH₂)₂C(CH₃)₂OCH₂OCH₃ CDCl₃: 1.20 (6H,s), 1.89 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.45 (3H, s), 3.27 (3H, s), 4.18 (2H, t, J= 7.1 Hz), 4.62 (2H, s), 7.35 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.80 (2H, d, J = 8.3Hz) 105 —(CH₂)₃CF₃ CDCl₃: 1.8-2.2 (4H, m), 2.5-2.6 (2H, m), 3.3-3.45(2H, m), 3.9-4.05 (2H, m), 3.97 (3H, s), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.61(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 106 —C₄H₉ CDCl₃: 0.85 (3H, t, J = 7.5Hz), 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.4-1.5 (2H, m), 2.51 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.35(2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.04 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.98 (1H,d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 107 —C₂H₅ CDCl₃:1.15 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.51 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.36 (2H, t, J = 7.0Hz), 3.97 (3H, s), 4.01 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 108 —C₃H₇ CDCl₃: 0.81 (3H, t, J= 7.4 Hz), 1.4-1.6 (2H, m), 2.52 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 3.36 (2H, t, J =6.8 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.00 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 8.6Hz), 7.59 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 109 —C₅H₁₁ CDCl₃: 0.83 (3H,t, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.1-1.3 (4H, m), 1.4-1.5 (2H, m), 2.52 (2H, t, J = 6.8Hz), 3.36 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.02 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz),6.97 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.59 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 110—CH(CH₃)₂ CDCl₃: 1.53 (6H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.4-2.5 (2H, m), 3.35- 3.45(2H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 3.97 (3H, s), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.59(1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 111 —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ CDCl₃: 0.76 (6H, d,J = 6.6 Hz), 1.4-1.7 (1H, m), 2.5- 2.6 (2H, m), 3.3-3.45 (2H, m), 3.96(3H, s), 4.04 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H,t, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s) 112 —CH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ CDCl₃: 1.42 (9H, s),2.55-2.65 (2H, m), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 4.60 (2H, s), 6.97(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s)

TABLE 12

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 113 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ CDCl₃: 2.44 (2H, t, J = 7.0Hz), 2.82 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 3.02(2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.01 (3H, s),4.32 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.95-7.1 (3H, m), 7.1-7.25 (3H, m), 7.60 (1H,d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.03 (1H, s) 114 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ CDCl₃: 1.75-1.95 (2H, m),2.5-2.65(4H, m), 3.36 (2H, t, J =7.0 Hz), 3.79 (3H, s), 4.05 (2H, t, J =7.4 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.05-7.35 (5H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J =8.6 Hz), 10.05 (1H, s) 115 —CH₂-cyclo-C₃H₅ CDCl₃: 0.1-0.4 (4H, m),0.8-0.9 (1H, m), 2.53 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.39 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz),3.97 (3H, s), 4.01 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.61(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.08 (1H, s) 116 —CH₂CH₂OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.54 (2H, t, J= 7.0 Hz), 3.23 (3H, s), 3.36 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.47 (2H, t, J = 6.0Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.25 (2H, t, J = 6.0 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.61 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s) 117 —(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ CDCl₃: 2.54(2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.34 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.16 (2H,t, J = 6.0 Hz), 4.42 (2H, t, J = 6.0 Hz), 6.72 (1H, dd, J1 = 8.8 Hz, J2= 0.95 Hz), 6.85-7.05 (2H, m), 7.15- 7.3 (2H, m), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 10.05 (1H, s) 118 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ CDCl₃: 0.8-1.75 (11H, m),2.5-2.6 (2H, m), 3.3-3.45 (2H, m), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.06 (2H, t, J = 7.2Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s)119 —(CH₂)₄C₆H₅ CDCl₃: 1.45-1.6 (4H, m), 2.45-2.6 (4H, m), 3.34 (2H, t,J = 7.0 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.02 (2H, t, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J =8.6 Hz), 7.05-7.35 (5H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.05 (1H, s)

TABLE 13

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 120 —(CH₂)₅C₆H₅ CDCl₃: 1.15-1.3 (2H, m),1.42-1.61 (4H, m), 2.4- 2.6 (4H, m), 3.28 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.92 (3H,s), 4.02 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.1-7.3 (5H, m),7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.05 (1H, s) 121 —CH(C₆H₅)₂ CDCl₃: 2.52 (2H,t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.33 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.48 (3H, s), 6.30 (1H, s),6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.15-7.35 (10H, m), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),10.00 (1H, s) 122 —(CH₂)₃CO₂C₂H₅ CDCl₃: 1.24 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz),1.79-1.94 (2H, m), 2.24 (2H, t, J = 7. Hz), 2.45-2.57 (2H, m), 3.36 (2H,t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.97 (3H, s), 4.00- 4.16 (4H, m), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s). 123 —CH₂CH₂CN DMSO-d₆:2.37-2.49 (2H, m), 2.76 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 3.21-3.44 (2H, m), 3.96(3H, s), 4.08 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.72 (1H,d, J = 8.7 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s). 124 —C₆H₅ CDCl₃: 2.65-2.79 (2H, m), 3.41(3H, s), 3.54 (2H, t, J - 7.0 Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.08-7.44(5H, m), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.09 (1H, s). 125 —CH₂CH═CH₂ CDCl₃:2.52-2.57 (2H, m), 3.36-3.41 (2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H, dt, J =6.0 and 1.3 Hz), 5.02-5.15 (2H, m), 5.64-5.77 (1H, m), 6.96 (1H, d, J =8.6 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.05 (1H, s) 126 —C₈H₁₇ CDCl₃: 0.85(3H, t, J = 6.7 Hz), 1.20-1.38 (10H, m), 1.38-1.53 (2H, m), 2.49-2.54(2H, m), 3.33-3.40 (2H, m), 3.96 (3H, s), 5.83 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.98(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s)

TABLE 14

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 127

CDCl₃: 0.9-1.2 (2H, m), 1.42 (9H, s), 1.25-1.85 (3H, m), 2.4-2.7 (4H,m), 3.2-3.6 (2H, m), 3.8- 4.2 (4H, m), 3.96 (3H, s), 6.99 (1H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 128

CDCl₃: 1.2-1.75 (5H, m), 2.24 (3H, s), 2.4-2.6 (4H, m), 3.3-3.6 (4H, m),3.97 (3H, s), 4.0-4.2 (2H, m), 6.78 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.95-7.1 (3H,m), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s) 129

CDCl₃: 2.65 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.30 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s),5.78 (2H, s), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.2-7.35 (2H, m), 7.4-7.55 (3H,m), 7.66 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J =8.5 Hz), 9.93 (1H, s) 130

CDCl₃: 2.64 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.42 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s),5.47 (2H, s), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.19 (1H, dd, J1 = 8.5 Hz, J2 =1.6 Hz), 7.35-7.6 (7H, m), 9.98 (1H, s) 131

CDCl₃: 2.68-2.74 (2H, m), 3.57-3.63 (2H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 5.42 (2H, s),6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.47 (1H, ddd, J1 =1.1 Hz, J2 = 7.5 Hz, J3 = 8.2 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.66 (1H,ddd, J1 = 1.1 Hz, J2 = 7.5 Hz, J3 = 8.5 Hz), 7.76 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.1 Hz,J2 = 8.2 Hz), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz)

TABLE 15

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 132 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H—OH CDCl₃: 2.64 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.41 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 5.37 (2H,s), 6.30 (1H, br s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.2-7.6 (10H, m), 10.00(1H, s) 133 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H —OC₄H₉ CDCl₃: 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz),1.35- 1.5 (2H, m), 1.65-1.8 (2H, m), 2.62 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.41 (2H,t, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.03 (2H, t, J = 6.6 Hz), 5.35 (2H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J =8.6 Hz), 7.1-7.6 (10H, m), 10.02 (1H, s) 134 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H—OCH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ CDCl₃: 1.53 (9H, s), 2.64 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.42 (2H,t, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.48 (2H, s), 5.47 (2H, s), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.15-7.65 (10H, m), 10.03 (1H, s) 135 —H —H —Br —H —H —H CDCl₃: 2.77(2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 3.52 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.16 (2H, s), 7.03- 7.14(3H, m), 7.32 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.40-7.48 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, dd, J =0.8, 7.7 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s). 136 —H —H —Cl —H —H —H CDCl₃: 2.70-2.82(2H, m), 3.2 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 5.17 (2H, s), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 1.0,8.2 Hz), 7.10-7.20 (2H, m), 7.22- 7.35 (3H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 1.1,7.7 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s).

TABLE 16

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 137 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H—H CDCl₃: 2.31 (3H, s), 2.70-2.85 (2H, m), 3.51 (2H, t, J = 7.7 Hz),5.17 (2H, s), 7.03-7.19 (5H, m), 7.20-7.36 (1H, m), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz), 10.20 (1H, s). 138 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H —CH₃ CDCl₃: 2.46 (3H, s),2.54-2.60 (2H, m), 3.27- 3.34 (2H, m), 5.13 (2H, s), 7.14 (2H, d, J =8.3 Hz), 7.20-7.60 (9H, m), 10.13 (1H, s). 139 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H —ClCDCl₃: 2.58-2.64 (2H, m), 3.30-3.36 (2H, m), 5.44 (2H, s), 7.17 (2H, d,J = 8.2 Hz), 7.22- 7.61 (9H, m), 10.12 (1H, s). 140 —H —H —NO₂ —H —H —HCDCl₃: 2.78-2.84 (2H, m), 3.53-3.59 (2H, m), 5.30 (2H, s), 6.98 (1H, d,J = 8.2 Hz), 7.26- 7.32 (1H, m), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d,J = 6.7 Hz), 8.20 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 10.22 (1H, s)

TABLE 17

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 141 —(CH₂)₄OSi(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)₃ —H CDCl₃:0.09 (3H, s), 0.88 (9H, s), 1.6-2.1 (2H, m), 2.62 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz),3.42 (2H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 3.71 (2H, t, J = 5.7 Hz), 4.06 (2H, t, J = 7.8Hz), 7.1-7.6 (2H, m), 10.22 (1H, s) 142 —C₆H₅ —H CDCl₃: 2.75-2.89 (2H,m), 3.53-3.68 (2H, m), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 0.9, 8.2 Hz), 7.15-7.20 (3H,m), 7.39- 7.61 (4H, m), 10.24 (1H, s). 143 —H —Cl CDCl₃: 2.61-2.72 (2H,m), 3.50-3.64 (2H, m), 7.40- 7.51 (2H, m), 7.88 (1H, brs), 10.15 (1H,s).

TABLE 18

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 144

—H CDCl₃: 1.05-1.9 (9H, m), 1.51 (9H, s), 2.6-2.8 (4H, m), 3.35-3.50(2H, m), 3.95-4.2 (2H, m), 7.23 (1H, dd, J1 = 8.0 Hz, J2 = 1.0 Hz), 7.46(1H, t, J = 8 Hz), 7.54 (1H, dd, J1 = 8.0 Hz, J2 = 1.0 Hz), 10.23 (1H,s) 145

—H CDCl₃: 2.84 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 3.56 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.37 (2H,s), 7.13- 7.21 (1H, m), 7.21-7.29 (1H, m), 7.29-7.40 (1H, m), 7.40-7.50(3H, m), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.70-7.78 (1H, m), 7.78-7.87 (2H, m), 10.19 (1H,s). 146

—H CDCl₃: 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m), 5.21 (2H, s), 7.07 (1H,d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.26-7.38 (2H, m), 7.49-7.54 (2H, m), 8.33(1H, d, J =2.5 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s)

TABLE 19

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 147 —(CH₂)₂CH(CH₃)₂ —OCH₃ CDCl₃: 0.99(6H, d, J = 6.2 Hz), 1.5-1.8 (3H, m), 4.03 (3H, s), 4.57 (2H, t, J = 7.0Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 9.9 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, J= 8.3 Hz), 9.18 (1H, d, J = 9.9 Hz), 10.09 (1H, s), 148

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 3.71 (3H, s), 5.77 (2H, brs), 6.89-7.00 (3H, m),7.06 (1H,d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.39 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 9.28(1H, d, J = 9.9 Hz), 10.10 (1H, s).

TABLE 20

Ref. Ex. R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 149 —H DMSO-d₆: 2.44-2.59 (2H, m), 2.96 (2H,t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.65-7.78 (2H, m), 9.82 (1H,s), 10.50 (1H, brs). 150 —CH₃ CDCl₃: 2.32 (3H, s), 2.65-2.72 (2H, m),3.01-3.08 (2H, m), 7.54-7.65 (2H, m), 7.75 (1H, brs), 9.87 (1H, s). 151—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.65-2.72 (2H, m), 3.02-3.09 (2H, m), 3.95 (3H, m), 7.32(2H, s), 7.94 (1H, brs), 9.86 (1H, s).

TABLE 21

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 152

—H DMSO-d₆: 2.68-2.81 (2H, m), 2.96- 3.10 (2H, m), 5.17 (2H, s),7.08(1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.43-7.52 (2H, m),7.68 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.4 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 9.84 (1H, s).153

—H CDCl₃: 2.82-2.93 (2H, m), 3.05-3.17 (2H, m), 5.31 (2H, s), 6.88 (1H,d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.37 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.4Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 8.20 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.89 (1H, s).154

—OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.67-2.74 (2H, m), 2.91-2.98 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 5.41(2H, s), 7.18 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.23-7.35 (3H, m), 7.35- 7.48 (4H,m), 7.48-7.57 (2H, m), 9.85 (1H, s). 155

—CH₃ CDCl₃: 2.46 (3H, s), 2.62-2.68 (2H, m), 2.85-2.92 (2H, m), 5.20(2H, s), 7.15 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.20-7.65 (9H, m), 9.88 (1H, s).

TABLE 22

Ref. Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹²¹ ¹H-NMR dppm 156

—H DMSO-d₆: 2.55-2.68 (2H, m), 2.85-2.98 (2H, m), 5.07 (2H, s), 7.10(2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.27-7.70 (10 H, m), 10.05 (1H, s). 157 —H —HDMSO-d₆: 7.51-7.62 (2H, m), 2.99 (2H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.17 (1H, t, J =7.5 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz),10.00 (1H,s), 10.31 (1H, brs).

In the above Tables, Me represents methyl and tBu represents tert-butyl.

Reference Example 158 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-{4-[(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)methyl]benzyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1-(4-Chloromethylbenzyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(100 mg, 0.28 mmol), N-methylaniline (0.045 ml, 0.42 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (57.9 mg, 0.42 mmol) were added to acetonitrile (1 ml),followed by heating under reflux for 4 hours. After cooling to roomtemperature, water was added to the reaction mixture, and extractionwith dichloromethane was performed. The organic layer was washed withwater and a saturated sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydroussodium sulfate. The dry product was concentrated under reduced pressure,and the residue was purified by preparative silica gel thin layerchromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1). The purified product wasconcentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 80 mg(yield: 67%) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-(4-[(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)methyl]benzyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a light yellow amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.72-2.78 (2H, m), 2.98 (3H, s), 3.08-3.12 (2H, m),4.06-4.16 (4H, m), 4.48 (2H, s), 5.15 (2H, s), 5.94 (1H, s), 6.67-6.74(3H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.09-7.26 (8H, m)

Reference Example 159 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-(6-piperidinomethylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1-(6-Chloromethylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(1.0 g, 2.8 mmol) was added to piperidine (2 ml), followed by stirringin an argon atmosphere at 100° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to roomtemperature, water and a small quantity of acetic acid were added to thereaction mixture, and extraction with ethyl acetate was performed twice.The organic layers were combined, washed twice with water and once witha saturated sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate. The dry product was concentrated under reduced pressure, andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=20:1). The purified product was concentratedto dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.73 g (yield: 64%)of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-(6-piperidinomethylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a light yellow amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.44-1.49 (2H, m), 1.56-1.65 (4H, m), 2.42-2.46 (4H,m), 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.09-3.15 (2H, m), 3.64 (2H, s), 4.01-4.17 (4H,m), 5.27 (2H, s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.95-7.02 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, t, J=7.9Hz), 7.23-7.31 (2H, m), 7.54 (1H, t, J=7.7 Hz)

Reference Example 160 Synthesis of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-(4-phenylsulfanylbenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1-(4-Chloromethylbenzyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(1.0 g, 2.79 mmol), thiophenol (0.37 ml, 3.63 mmol) and1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7 (DBU) (0.84 ml, 5.59 mmol) were addedto THF (30 ml), followed by heating under reflux for 7 hours. Aftercooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1). The purified product wasconcentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.13 g(yield: 94%) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-(4-phenylsulfanylbenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a white solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.73-2.79 (2H, m), 3.06-3.12 (2H, m), 4.01-4.17 (6H,m), 5.14 (2H, s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.85-6.88 (1H, m), 7.09-7.17 (4H, m),7.19-7.32 (7H, m)

Reference Example 161 Synthesis of1-[2-(1-biphenyl-4-ylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

Palladium acetate (34 mg, 0.15 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphinetetrafluoroborate (66 mg, 0.23 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (218 mg,2.27 mmol) were added to a toluene solution (10 ml) of5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-(2-piperidin-4-ylethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(500 mg, 1.52 mmol) and 4-bromobiphenyl (424 mg, 1.82 mmol), followed bystirring in an argon atmosphere at 100° C. for 7.5 hours. After coolingto room temperature, water was added to the reaction mixture, andextraction with ethyl acetate was performed. The extract was dried oversodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residuewas purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethylacetate=2:1). The purified product was concentrated under reducedpressure, and the residue was dissolved in acetone (10 ml).p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (104 mg) and water (2 ml) were added,followed by heating under reflux for 15 minutes. The resulting mixturewas cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was rendered basic by adding an aqueous solution ofpotassium carbonate, and washed for 10 minutes in an ultrasonic washingmachine. The produced insoluble matter was collected by filtration,washed with water and dried to thereby obtain 213 mg (yield: 32.1%) of1-[2-(1-biphenyl-4-ylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a colorless solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.2-2.3 (7H, m), 2.6-2.7 (2H, m), 3.0-3.25 (2H, m),3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 3.65-3.8 (2H, m), 3.95-4.1 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.25-7.7 (10H, m), 7.84 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 10.22 (1H, s)

Reference Example 162 Synthesis of1-[3-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(797 mg, 2.34 mmol), 4-chlorothiophenol (407 mg, 2.81 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (421 mg, 3.05 mmol) were added to acetonitrile (16ml), followed by heating under reflux for 5 hours. After cooling to roomtemperature, water was added to the reaction mixture, and extractionwith ethyl acetate was performed. The extract was dried over sodiumsulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethylacetate=3:1→2:1). The purified product was concentrated under reducedpressure, and the residue was dissolved in acetone (16 ml).p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (53.5 mg) and water (3 ml) wereadded, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. An aqueoussolution of potassium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture, andextraction with dichloromethane was performed. The organic layer waswashed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to therebyobtain 700 mg (yield: 83%) of1-[3-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.9-2.05 (2H, m), 2.55-2.65 (2H, m), 2.9-3.05 (4H,m), 4.0-4.2 (6H, m), 5.94 (1H, s), 6.96 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 7.2-7.35 (6H,m)

Reference Example 163 Synthesis of1-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one(790 mg, 2.32 mmol), 4-benzylpiperidine (0.49 ml, 2.79 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (142 mg, 1.03 mmol) were added to acetonitrile (15ml), followed by heating under reflux for 1.5 hours. After cooling toroom temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered to remove theinsoluble matter. The solid was washed with acetonitrile, and thefiltrate and washing were combined and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(n-hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1→ethyl acetate:methanol=50:1). The purifiedproduct was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue wasdissolved in acetone (15 ml). p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (368mg) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 2hours. An aqueous solution of potassium carbonate was added to thereaction mixture, followed by concentration under reduced pressure.Water was added to the residue, and extraction with dichloromethane wasperformed. The organic layer was washed with a saturated sodium chloridesolution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated underreduced pressure to thereby obtain 672 mg (yield: quantitative) of1-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeas a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 1.2-1.95 (9H, m), 2.35 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 2.4-2.7(4H, m), 2.8-3.1 (4H, m), 3.9-4.2 (6H, m), 5.94 (1H, s), 7.1-7.4 (8H, m)

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 24, the compounds of Reference Examples 178 and 185shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 25, the compounds of Reference Examples 164, 165, 167to 172, 176, 177, 179, 183 and 184 shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 26, the compounds of Reference Examples 186 to 190,192, 193, 197, 198, 203 and 206 to 209 shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 27, the compounds of Reference Examples 166 and 180 to182 shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 30, the compounds of Reference Examples 73, 196, 200,201 and 210 shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 158, the compound of Reference Example 175 shown belowwas synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 159, the compounds of Reference Examples 173 and 174shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 161, the compounds of Reference Examples 202, 204, 205and 214 shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 162, the compounds of Reference Examples 191 and 195shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 163, the compounds of Reference Examples 194, 199 and211 to 213 shown below were synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 32, the compounds of Reference Example 132 shown belowwas synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 41, the compounds of Reference Example 143 shown belowwas synthesized.

Using appropriate starting materials and following the procedure ofReference Example 22, the compounds of Reference Example 157 shown belowwas synthesized.

TABLE 23

Ref. Ex. R¹²² NMR 164 —NHC₆H₅ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.55-2.61 (2H, m),2.86-2.94 (2H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.98-4.15 (4H, m), 5.22 (2H, s), 5.82(1H, s), 6.42 (1H, s), 6.70-6.78 (2H, m), 7.27-7.30 (1H, m), 7.23-7.98(6H, m), 7.99 (1H, s) 165 —CF₃ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.61-2.67 (2H, m),2.98-3.03 (2H, m), 3.63 (3H, s), 4.00-4.16 (4H, m), 5.21 (2H, s), 5.85(1H, s), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.57 (1H,d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.1 Hz, J2 = 8.1 Hz), 8.55 (1H, d, J= 2.1 Hz) 166 —C₆H₄C₆H₅(PARA) ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.61-2.66 (2H, m),2.96-3.01 (2H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 3.98-4.15 (4H, m), 5.30 (2H, s), 5.84(1H, s), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.34-7.70(9H, m), 7.99-8.03 (2H, m), 8.50 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz) 167

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.60-2.65 (2H, m), 2.90-2.97 (2H, m), 3.78 (3H, s),3.99-4.14 (4H, m), 5.24 (2H, s), 5.83 (1H, s), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz),7.40-7.48 (2H, m), 7.55-7.62 (1H, m), 8.13 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.18-8.25 (2H, m), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.78 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.7 Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz),9.13 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz) 168

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.55-2.62 (2H, m), 2.87-2.94 (2H, m), 3.80 (3H, s),4.00-4.14 (4H, m), 5.25 (2H, s), 5.82 (1H, s), 6.50 (1H, ddd, J1 = 0.8Hz, J2 = 8.5 Hz), 6.62- 6.67 (1H, m), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz),6.78-6.84 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, s), 7.38-7.48 (2H, m), 7.53-7.60 (1H, m),8.05-8.08 (1H, m), 8.20-8.23 (1H, m).

TABLE 24

Ref. Ex. R⁷¹¹ R⁷¹² R⁷¹³ R⁷¹⁴ NMR 169 —CH₂Cl —H —H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)dppm: 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.09-3.15 (2H, m), 4.02-4.17 (4H, m), 4.67 (2H,s), 5.27 (2H, s), 5.96 (1H, s), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J= 7.8 Hz), 7.15 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.35 (1H,d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.63 (1H,t, J = 7.8 Hz) 170 —H —CH₃ —OCH₃ —CH₃ ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.19 (3H, s), 2.27 (3H, s), 2.73- 2.79 (2H, m), 3.05-3.11(2H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 4.01-4.16 (4H, m), 5.19 (2H, s), 5.96 (1H, s),6.85-6.89 (1H, m), 7.11 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.22-7.26 (1H, m), 8.10(1H, s)

TABLE 25

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ NMR 171 —H —H —CH₂Cl —H —H ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.74-2.79 (2H, m), 3.08-3.13 (2H, m), 4.02-4.17 (4H, m),4.58 (2H, s), 5.17 (2H, s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.13(1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.25-7.28 (1H, m), 7.33(2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz) 172 —H —H —H —CH₂Cl —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm:2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 3.08-3.14 (2H, m), 4.02-4.17 (4H, m), 4.55 (2H, s),5.17 (2H, s), 5.96 (1H, s), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.10-7.16 (2H, m),7.23- 7.33 (4H, m), 173 —H —H —H

—H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.50-1.60 (6H, m), 2.30-2.34 (4H, m), 2.74-2.80(2H, m), 3.07-3.13 (2H, m), 3.43 (2H, s), 4.01- 4.16 (4H, m), 5.17 (2H,s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.03-7.27 (6H, m) 174 —H —H

—H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.41-1.47 (2H, m), 1.57-1.65 (4H, m),2.40-2.44 (4H, m), 2.73-2.79 (2H, m), 3.07-3.13 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, s),4.00-4.17 (4H, m), 5.16 (2H, s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz),7.09-7.17 (3H, m), 7.24- 7.29 (3H, m) 175 —H —H

—H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.73-2.79 (2H, m), 2.92-2.98 (2H, m),3.07-3.13 (2H, m), 3.24-3.30 (2H, m), 4.01-4.17 (4H, m), 4.20 (2H, s),5.17 (2H, s), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.48 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.61-6.68 (1H, m),6.90-7.18 (6H, m), 7.24- 7.31 (3H, m)

TABLE 26

Ref. Ex. R⁷¹⁵ NMR 176 —CO₂CH₂CH₂Si(CH₃)₃ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 0.04 (9H,s), 0.98 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 1.2-1.4 (2H, m), 1.5-2.0 (2H, m), 2.5-2.8(4H, m), 2.95-3.1 (2H, m), 3.75-4.3 (10H, m), 7.02 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.8 Hz,J2 = 7.4 Hz), 7.2-7.4 (2H, m) 177 —CO₂C(CH₃)₂ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ ppm:1.15-1.95 (5H, m), 1.44 (9H, s), 2.5- 2.7 (4H, m), 2.95-3.1 (2H, m),3.75-4.2 (8H, m), 5.94 (1H, s), 7.0-7.1 (1H, m), 7.2-7.35 (2H, m) 178 —H¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.25-1.8 (5H, m), 2.45-3.3 (8H, m), 3.92 (2H, d, J= 7.1 Hz), 4.0-4.25 (4H, m), 5.94 (1H, s), 6.9-7.1 (1H, m), 7.2-7.4 (2H,m)

TABLE 27

Ref. Ex. R⁷²¹ NMR 179 —Cl ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.54-2.60 (2H, m), 2.89-2.95 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 3.99-4.16 (4H, m), 5.23 (2H, s), 5.84 (1H,s), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.39 (1H, s) 180—C₆H₅ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.56-2.62 (2H, m), 2.89-2.95 (2H, m), 3.91(3H, s), 3.97-4.14 (4H, m), 5.45 (2H, s), 5.82 (1H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J =8.7 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.37-7.43 (3H, m), 7.61 (1H, s),7.84-7.88 (2H, m) 181 -3-THIENYL ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.55-2.61 (2H, m),2.89-2.95 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.00-4.14 (4H, m), 5.42 (2H, s), 5.82(1H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.33-7.35(1H, m), 7.47-7.49 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.74 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2= 2.8 Hz) 182 -3-PYRIDYL ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.57-2.62 (2H, m),2.91-2.96 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.01-4.20 (4H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 5.83(1H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.29-7.37 (2H, m), 7.69 (1H, s),8.13- 8.18 (1H, m), 8.60 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.6 Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz), 9.08 (1H,d, J = 2.0 Hz)

TABLE 28

Ref. Ex. R⁷³¹ NMR 183 —(CH₂)₃Br ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.15-2.3 (2H, m),2.5-2.7 (2H, m), 2.9-3.1 (2H, m), 3.44 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz), 4.0-4.25(6H, m), 5.94 (1H, s), 7.0-7.1 (1H, m), 7.25-7.35 (2H, m) 184

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.1-1.2 (2H, m), 1.42 (9H, s), 1.4-1.6 (3H, m),1.7-1.8 (2H, m), 2.55-2.8 (4H, m), 2.95-3.05 (2H, m), 3.9-4.2 (8H, m),5.94 (1H, s), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.2-7.35 (2H, m) 185

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.1-1.65 (7H, m), 2.5-2.7 (4H, m), 2.9-3.2 (4H, m),3.97 (2H, t, J = 8.2 Hz), 4.05-4.2 (4H, m), 5.94 (1H, s), 6.95-7.05 (1H,m), 7.2-7.4 (2H, m)

TABLE 29

Ref. Ex. R⁷⁴¹ NMR 186 —NHC₆H₅ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.55-2.62 (2H, m),3.31-3.38 (2H, m), 3.93 (3H, s), 5.23 (2H, s), 6.42 (1H, s), 6.70 (1H,d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.98- 7.06 (1H, m), 7.23-7.33(5H, m), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 10.00 (1H,s) 187 —CF₃ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.61-2.67 (2H, m), 3.41-3.47 (2H, m),3.75 (3H, s), 5.23 (2H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J =8.0 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.0 Hz, J2 = 8.0Hz), 8.54 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 10.04 (1H, s) 188 —C₆H₄C₆H₅(PARA) ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.61-2.67 (2H, m), 3.40-3.45 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.32(2H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.33-7.39 (1H, m), 7.42-7.49 (2H, m),7.52- 7.56 (2H, m), 7.62-7.69 (5H, m), 7.99-8.02 (2H, m), 8.46 (1H, d, J= 1.6 Hz), 10.01 (1H, s) 189

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.59-2.65 (2H, m), 3.37-3.42 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H,s), 5.26 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.44 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.9 Hz,J2 = 7.9 Hz), 7.52-7.58 (2H, m), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.18-8.24(2H, m), 8.59 (1H, s), 8.79 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.8 Hz, J2 = 4.9 Hz), 9.12(1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s) 190

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.57-2.62 (2H, m), 3.34-3.39 (2H, m), 3.92 (3H, s),5.26 (2H, s), 6.79-6.85 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.34-7.45(4H, m), 7.51- 7.60 (2H, m), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.20-8.23 (1H,m), 10.00 (1H, s)

TABLE 30

Ref. Ex. R⁷¹¹ R⁷¹² R⁷¹³ R⁷¹⁴ NMR 191 —CH₂SC₆H₅ —H —H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)dppm: 2.72-2.78 (2H, m), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m), 4.24 (2H, s), 5.26 (2H, s),7.04 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.15- 7.33 (8H, m), 7.47-7.55 (2H, m), 10.20(1H, s) 192 —H —CH₃ —OCH₃ —CH₃ ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.20 (3H, s), 2.27(3H, s), 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.47-3.53 (2H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 5.22 (2H,s), 7.12 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 7.9 Hz), 7.29 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz),7.47 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 7.9 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 10.21 (1H, s) 193

—H —H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.44-1.50 (2H, m), 1.62-1.68 (4H, m),2.50-2.54 (4H, m), 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.51-3.57 (2H, m), 3.72 (2H, s),5.30 (2H, s), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.30 (2H, d, J = 4.4 Hz), 7.33(1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.49 (1H, t, J = 4.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, t, J = 8.5 Hz),10.21 (1H, s) 194

—H —H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.72-2.78 (2H, m), 3.09 (3H, s), 3.49-3.55(2H, m), 4.63 (2H, s), 5.28 (2H, s), 6.67-6.73 (3H, m), 7.03 (1H, d, J =3.8 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 3.8 Hz), 7.16-7.23 (2H, m), 7.30-7.33 (2H, m),7.47-7.55 (2H, m), 10.22 (1H, s)

TABLE 31

Ref. Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ NMR 195 —H —H —H —CH₂SC₆H₅ —H ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.71-2.77 (2H, m), 3.47-3.53 (2H, m), 4.06 (2H, s), 5.15(2H, s), 7.02-7.12 (3H, m), 7.14-7.32 (8H, m), 7.48 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.1Hz, J2 = 7.7 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s) 196 —H —H —CH₂SC₆H₅ —H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)dppm: 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m), 4.08 (2H, s), 5.18 (2H, s),7.07-7.13 (3H, m), 7.16-7.33 (8H, m), 7.49 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.1 Hz, J2 =7.6 Hz), 10.21 (1H, s) 197 —H —H —H

—H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.39-1.45 (2H, m), 1.50-1.58 (4H, m), 2.30-2.34(4H, m), 2.76-2.82 (2H, m), 3.45 (2H, s), 3.50-3.56 (2H, m), 5.22 (2H,s), 7.03-7.31 (6H, m), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s) 198 —H —H

—H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.39-1.45 (2H, m), 1.50-1.62 (4H, m),2.34-2.38 (4H, m), 2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 3.44 (2H, s), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m),5.19 (2H, s), 7.14 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.25-7.33 (4H, m), 7.48 (1H, dd,J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 7.6 Hz), 10.21 (1H, s) 199 —H —H —H

—H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.64-2.70 (2H, m), 2.93 (3H, s), 3.37-3.43 (2H,m), 4.48 (2H, s), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.61-6.69 (3H, m), 6.95-7.30 (8H, m),7.47 (1H, dd, J1 = 0.9 Hz, J2 = 7.7 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s) 200 —H —H

—H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.73-2.79 (2H, m), 2.98 (3H, s), 3.48 3.54(2H, m), 4.49 (2H, s), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.67-6.73 (3H, m), 7.11-7.33 (8H,m), 7.48 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 7.6 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s) 201 —H —H

—H —H ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 2.92-2.98 (2H, m),3.25-3.31 (2H, m), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 5.20 (2H, s), 6.47(1H, dd, J = 7.7 Hz), 6.63- 6.69 (1H, m), 7.01-7.07 (1H, m), 7.11 (1H,dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 5.6 Hz), 7.17 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.26-7.34 (4H,m), 7.49 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 7.7 Hz), 10.21 (1H, s)

TABLE 32

Ref. Ex. R⁷¹⁵ NMR 202 —C₆H₄C₆H₅(PARA) ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.4-2.2 (5H,m), 2.5-3.0 (4H, m), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 3.65-3.8 (2H, m), 4.03 (1H, brs), 7.2-7.65 (12H, m), 10.23 (1H, s) 203 —CO₂CH₂CH₂Si(CH₃)₃ ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 0.04 (9H, s), 0.97 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 1.2-2.0 (5H, m),2.55-2.8 (4H, m), 3.3- 3.6 (2H, m), 3.75-4.3 (6H, m), 7.2-7.6 (3H, m),10.22 (1H, s) 204

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.35-1.9 (5H, m), 2.56 (3H, s), 2.5-2.7 (4H, m),2.9-3.1 (2H, m), 3.5-3.7 (2H, m) 3.97 (2H, d, J = 7.1 Hz), 4.0- 4.2 (4H,m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 6.1 Hz), 7.0-7.2 (3H, m), 7.25-7.4 (2H, m) 205

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.6-2.7 (4H, m), 2.85-3.0 (2H,m), 3.15-3.4 (2H, m), 3.85- 4.15 (6H, m), 5.92 (1H, s), 7.04 (1H, d, J =7.3 Hz), 7.15-7.6 (8H, m), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J =7.0 Hz), 10.23 (1H, s)

TABLE 33

Ref. Ex. R⁷²¹ NMR 206 —Cl ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.54-2.60 (2H, m),3.34-3.40 (2H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 5.25 (2H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.36 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.04 (1H, s) 207 —C₆H₅ ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.57-2.62 (2H, m), 3.34-3.40 (2H, m), 4.01 (3H, s), 5.48(2H, s), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.37-7.40 (3H, m), 7.56-7.60 (2H, m),7.82-7.86 (2H, m), 10.01 (1H, s) 208 -3- THIENYL ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm:2.56-2.62 (2H, m), 3.34-3.39 (2H, m), 4.01 (3H, s), 5.46 (2H, s), 6.98(1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.0 Hz, J2 = 5.0 Hz), 7.44-7.47(1H, m), 7.51 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.72-7.75 (1H, m),10.01 (1H, s) 209 -3- PYRIDYL ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 2.58-2.63 (2H, m),3.35-3.41 (2H, m), 4.02 (3H, s), 5.46 (2H, s), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.34 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.8 Hz, J2 = 8.0 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.66(1H, s), 8.13 (1H, ddd, J1 = 1.9 Hz, J2 = 8.0 Hz), 8.61 (1H, dd, J = 1.9Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz), 9.07 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s)

TABLE 34

Ref. Ex. R⁷³² NMR 210 —(CH₂)₄F ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.5-1.75 (2H, m),2.45-2.6 (2H, m), 3.3-3.45 (2H, m), 3.69 (3H, s), 4.02 (2H, t, J = 7.2Hz), 4.25-4.35 (1H, m), 4.45-4.55 (1H, m), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s) 211

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.8-1.95 (2H, m), 2.4-2.75 (6H, m), 3.1-3.25 (4H,m), 3.35- 3.6 (3H, m), 3.95-4.2 (3H, m), 6.8-7.0 (3H, m), 7.2-7.6 (5H,m), 10.22 (1H, s) 212

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.8-2.05 (2H, m), 2.5-3.05 (8H, m), 3.35-3.5 (2H,m), 3.61 (2H, s), 4.0-4.25 (2H, m), 6.9-7.6 (7H, s), 10.2 (1H, s) 213

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.6-2.3 (8H, m), 2.45-2.8 (4H, m), 3.0-3.25 (2H,m), 3.4- 3.65 (2.5H, m), 3.95-4.2 (2.5H, m), 7.1- 7.6 (8H, m), 10.21(1H, s) 214

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm: 1.35-1.95 (7H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 2.5-2.75 (4H, m),3.35-3.5 (2H, m), 3.5-3.65 (2H, m), 3.95-4.1 (2H, m), 6.86 (2H, d, J =8.5 Hz), 7.06 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.15-7.6 (3H, m), 10.22 (1H, s)

Example 1 Synthesis of5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

1.0 g of2-chloro-3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propionicacid, 0.45 g of thiourea, and 0.4 g of sodium acetate were added to 20ml of methoxy ethanol, and the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 7.5hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, anaqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added to the residue toprecipitate a solid, and the precipitated solid was collected byfiltration. The filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, and theextract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. Theconcentrated residue and the solid collected by filtration were combinedand added to a mixed solvent of 10% hydrochloric acid and ethanol,followed by heating and refluxing overnight. The solvent was distilledoff under reduced pressure, and the residue was recrystallized from anaqueous DMF, giving 0.41 g of5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a yellow powder.

Melting point: 254° C.-255° C.

Example 2 Synthesis of5-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

912 mg of2-chloro-4-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)butyricacid, 390 mg of thiourea, and 394 mg of sodium acetate were added to 20ml of methoxyethanol, followed by stirring at 110° C. for 4 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water wasadded to the residue, and the mixture was extracted withdichloromethane. The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate andconcentrated. The residue was added to a mixed solvent of 10 ml of 10%hydrochloric acid and 10 ml of ethanol, followed by heating andrefluxing overnight. The solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure, and the residue was recrystallized from a DMF-ethanol mixedsolvent, giving 332 mg (31% yield) of5-[2-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a yellow powder.

Melting point: 222° C. to 224° C.

Example 3 Synthesis of5-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

1 g of2-chloro-5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)valericacid, 380 mg of thiourea, and 380 mg of sodium acetate were added to 20ml of methoxyethanol, followed by stirring at 110° C. for 5 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and water anda small amount of ethanol were added to the residue to precipitate asolid. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration. The solidcollected by filtration was added to a mixed solvent of 10 ml of 10%hydrochloric acid and 10 ml of ethanol, followed by heating andrefluxing overnight. The solvent was distilled off under reducedpressure, and the residue was extracted with dichloromethane. Theextract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. Theconcentrated residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol of 100:1→10:1), and recrystallized from anethanol-ether mixed solvent, giving 332 mg (29% yield) of5-[3-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)propyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a light yellow powder.

Melting point: 172° C. to 175° C.

Example 4 Synthesis of5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

3.02 g of ethylchloro-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)acetate, 1.4 gof thiourea, and 2 g of sodium acetate were added to 50 ml ofmethoxyethanol, followed by stirring at 110° C. for 2.5 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water wasadded to the residue to precipitate a solid, and the precipitated solidwas collected by filtration. The collected solid was added to a mixedsolvent of 30 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid and 30 ml of ethanol, followedby heating and refluxing overnight. The resultant was concentrated tohalf its original volume under reduced pressure. Water was addedthereto, and the mixture was cooled with ice to precipitate a solid. Theprecipitated solid was collected by filtration. The solid wasrecrystallized from a DMF-ethanol mixed solvent, giving 1.68 g (57%yield) of5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a gray powder.

Melting point: 255° C. (decomposition)

Example 5 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

1.50 g of 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-carboxaldehydeand 0.826 g of 2,4-thiazolidinedione were suspended in 30 ml of toluene.Five drops of piperidine and five drops of acetic acid were added,followed by heating and refluxing for 6 hours. The resultant was allowedto cool to precipitate a solid, and the precipitated solid was collectedby filtration and dried, giving 1.01 g (50% yield) of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a light-brown powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.53 (2H, s), 6.76 (1H, s), 7.11-7.49 (6H, m),7.53-7.64 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.04 (1H, s), 12.21-13.32(1H, br)

Example 6 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

1.50 g of 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-carboxaldehydeand 0.826 g of 2,4-thiazolidinedione were suspended in 30 ml of toluene,and five drops of piperidine and five drops of acetic acid were added,followed by heating and refluxing for 6 hours. The resultant was allowedto cool to precipitate a solid. The precipitated solid was collected byfiltration and dried, giving 1.36 g of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a yellow powder (68% yield).

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.55 (2H, s), 7.18-7.45 (6H, m), 7.53-7.65 (1H,m), 7.88-8.00 (2H, m), 8.21 (1H, s), 12.59 (1H, brs)

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example 6was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 7 to 13.

Example 75-[1-(1-Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.59 (2H, brs), 6.78 (1H, s), 7.18-7.70 (12H, m),7.82 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 8.05 (1H, s), 12.81 (1H, brs)

Example 85-[1-(1-Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.61 (2H, brs), 7.21-7.51 (7H, m), 7.51-7.68 (5H,m), 7.87-8.00 (2H, m), 8.22 (1H, s), 12.60 (1H, brs)

Example 95-[1-(8-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

Melting point: 300° C. or higher ¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 3.80 (3H, s),3.95 (3H, s), 6.70 (1H, d, J=9.8 Hz), 7.35-7.45 (2H, m), 8.05 (1H, d,J=9.8 Hz), 8.14 (1H, s). 12.63 (1H, brs)

Example 105-[1-(8-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)methylidene]-3-methylthiazolidine-2,4-dione

Melting point: 270° C. (decomposition)

Example 115-{1-[8-Methoxy-1-(4-bromobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl]methylidene}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 3.65 (3H, s), 5.67 (2H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J=9.8Hz), 7.03 (2H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.25-7.40 (2H, m), 7.40-7.52 (2H, m), 8.16(2H, d, J=10.9 Hz), 12.64 (1H, brs)

Example 125-[1-(1-Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.70-2.84 (2H, m), 2.97-3.09 (2H, m), 5.22 (2H,brs), 7.12 (1H, s), 7.15-7.25 (1H, m), 7.25-7.49 (6H, m), 7.56-7.71 (5H,m), 12.52 (1H, brs)

Example 135-[1-(1-Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.55-2.68 (2H, m), 2.80-2.94 (2H, m), 4.98 (2H,s), 6.98-7.16 (3H, m), 7.22-7.63 (9H, m), 7.75 (1H, s), 12.57 (1H, brs)

Example 14 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

0.96 g of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,0.735 g of diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate,and 0.96 g of silica gel were added to 30 ml of toluene, followed byheating and refluxing overnight. The solvent was distilled off, and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:ethyl acetate of 10:1→3:1), and the purified productwas recrystallized from a chloroform-ether mixed solvent, giving 0.87 g(91% yield) of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 142.1° C. to 143.7° C.

Example 15 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

1.207 g of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,0.924 g of diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate,and 1.2 g of silica gel were added to 30 ml of toluene, followed byheating and refluxing overnight. 0.77 g of diethyl1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate was further added tothe reaction liquid, followed by heating and refluxing overnight. Thesolvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (dichloromethane:ethyl acetate of 10:1→3:1). Thepurified product was recrystallized from a chloroform-ether mixedsolvent, giving 0.74 g (61% yield) of5-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 230.7° C. to 231.9° C.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example15 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 16 to 19.

Example 165-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.45-2.55 (1H, m), 3.35-3.5 (1H, m), 4.9-5.0 (1H,m), 7.15-7.7 (4H, m), 7.84 (1H, s), 11.91 (1H, brs), 12.08 (1H, brs)

Example 175-[1-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

Melting point: 220.4° C. to 221.8° C.

Example 185-[1-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

Melting point: 213.2° C. to 213.7° C.

Example 195-[1-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.40-2.53 (2H, m), 2.70-2.85 (2H, m), 3.09-3.25(1H, m), 3.50-3.64 (1H, m), 4.79-4.90 (1H, m), 4.90-5.16 (2H, m), 7.02(1H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.08-7.21 (4H, m), 7.28-7.64 (7H, m), 12.04 (1H, s)

Example 20 Synthesis of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

600 mg of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,415 mg of diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate,and 600 mg of silica gel were added to 20 ml of toluene, followed byheating and refluxing for 14 hours. The solvent was distilled off, andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(n-hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→1:1). The purified product wasrecrystallized from an ethyl acetate-ether mixed solvent, giving 585 mg(97% yield) of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 246.5° C. to 246.6° C.

Example 21 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-aminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

10 g of 10% palladium carbon was added to a DMF solution (100 ml) of10.0 g of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,and the mixture was subjected to a catalytic reduction at 40° C. for 5hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate wasconcentrated. Ethyl acetate and water were added to the residue, andcelite filtration was carried out. The filtrate was washed with waterand dried over magnesium sulfate, followed by concentration. The residuewas purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:ethylacetate=4:1→1:4), and the purified product was recrystallized from ethylacetate, giving 7.98 g (86% yield) of5-[1-(4-aminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 174.1° C. to 174.8° C.

Example 22 Synthesis of5-{8-methoxy-1-[4-(2-naphthoylamino)benzyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

0.52 g of triethylamine and 0.42 g of diethylphosphoro cyanidate (DEPC)were added with ice cooling to a DMF solution (14 ml) of 0.7 g of5-[1-(4-aminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneand 0.59 g of 2-naphthoic acid, followed by stirring for 16 hours. Waterand ethyl acetate were added to the reaction liquid, and the insolublematter thus formed was collected by filtration. The collected insolublematter was dissolved in a dichloromethane-methanol mixed solvent andconcentrated. The residue was washed with diethylether and diisopropylether. The residue was dried under reduced pressure, giving 0.74 g (77%yield) of5-{8-methoxy-1-[4-(2-naphthoylamino)benzyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidin-2,4-dioneas a white amorphous solid.

Melting point: 202° C. to 208° C. ¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.44-2.52 (2H,m), 2.82-2.88 (2H, m), 3.03-3.13 (1H, m), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.73 (3H,s), 4.79 (1H, dd, J₁=4.1 Hz, J₂=9.9 Hz), 5.20 (2H, s), 6.83 (1H, d,J=8.6 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.05 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.58-7.66(4H, m), 7.95-8.08 (4H, m), 8.52 (1H, s), 10.33 (1H, s), 12.06 (1H, s)

Example 23 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-pentyloxycarbonylaminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

0.6 g of5-[1-(4-aminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dionewas suspended in dichloromethane (6 ml), and 4 ml of pyridine was addedwith ice cooling to form a solution. 0.26 g of amyl chloroformate wasadded to this solution, followed by stirring for 1 hour. 1 Nhydrochloric acid was added to the reaction liquid, and extracted withethyl acetate. The extract was washed twice with water and once withsaturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1→1:1), andrecrystallized from diisopropyl ether, giving 3.75 g (97% yield) of5-[1-(4-pentyloxycarbonylaminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 98° C. to 102° C.

Example 24 Synthesis of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

7.0 g of8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeand 3.25 g of 2,4-thiazolidinedione were suspended in 70 ml of toluene.Ten drops of piperidine and ten drops of acetic acid were added,followed by heating and refluxing for 4 hours. The resultant was allowedto cool to precipitate a solid, and the precipitated solid was collectedby filtration and dried, giving 8.0 g (90% yield) of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a light yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.52-2.66 (2H, m), 2.91-3.05 (2H, m), 3.65 (3H,s), 3.79 (3H, s), 5.17 (2H, s), 7.02 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d,J=8.7 Hz), 7.25 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.74-7.90 (3H, m) 12.55 (1H, brs)

Example 25 Synthesis of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

7.0 g of 10% palladium carbon was added to a DMF solution (70 ml) of 7.0g of 5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,and a catalytic reduction was carried out at 40° C. for 5 hours. Thecatalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated.The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(n-hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→1:1). The purified product wasrecrystallized from an ethyl acetate-diethyl ether mixed solvent, giving5.23 g (74% yield) of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 193.1° C. to 195.5° C.

Example 26 Synthesis of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

35 ml of an aqueous 1 N-lithium hydroxide solution was added to a mixedethanol (200 ml) and THF (200 ml) solution of 4.0 g of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione,followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solvent wasdistilled off under reduced pressure, hydrochloric acid was added to theresidue, and the insoluble matter thus formed was collected byfiltration. The collected insoluble matter was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1→1:3), andrecrystallized from ethyl acetate, giving 3.75 g (97% yield) of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.42-2.61 (2H, m), 2.70-2.94 (2H, m), 3.01-3.15(1H, m), 3.34-3.48 (1H, m), 3.56 (3H, s), 4.78 (1H, dd, J=4.4, 9.8 Hz),5.17 (2H, brs), 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.17(2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.77 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 12.06 (1H, brs), 12.76 (1H,brs)

Example 27 Synthesis of 5-{1-[4-(4-isopropylphenylaminocarbonyl)benzyl]-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

0.34 g of triethylamine and 0.28 g of diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC)were added with ice cooling to a DMF solution (10 ml) of 0.5 g of5-[8-methoxy-1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneand 0.23 g of 4-isopropylaniline, followed by stirring for 0.5 hours.Water was added to the reaction liquid and the mixture was extractedwith ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed twice with water andonce with saturated sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydroussodium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under a reduced pressure,the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=100:1→20:1), and recrystallized from a mixedsolvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane, giving 0.57 g (64% yield) of5-{1-[4-(4-isopropylphenylaminocarbonyl)benzyl]-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 243° C. to 244° C.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example27 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 28 and 29.

Example 285-{8-Methoxy-1-[4-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.25-1.80 (6H, m), 2.39-2.62 (2H, m), 2.72-2.95(2H, m), 2.95-3.72 (9H, m), 4.77 (1H, dd, J=4.3, 9.6 Hz), 5.16 (2H, s),6.81 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz),7.18 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 12.05 (1H, brs)

Example 295-[1-(4-Cyclohexylaminocarbonylbenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 0.95-1.85 (10H, m), 2.39-2.60 (2H, m), 2.70-2.94(2H, m), 3.00-3.19 (1H, m), 3.23-3.50 (1H, m), 3.63 (3H, s), 3.80-3.99(1H, m), 4.64-4.88 (1H, m), 5.19 (2H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.89(1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.11 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.65 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 8.03(1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 12.06 (1H, brs)

Example 30 Synthesis of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

2.0 g of1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeand 0.874 g of 2,4-thiazolidinedione were suspended in 20 ml of toluene.Ten drops of piperidine and ten drops of acetic acid were added,followed by heating and refluxing for 8 hours. The resultant was allowedto cool to precipitate a solid, and the precipitated solid was collectedby filtration and dried, giving 2.7 g (92% yield) of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.41-2.60 (2H, m), 2.75-2.98 (2H, m), 5.31 (2H,s), 6.84 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.00-7.30 (6H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 10.72 (1H,s), 12.48 (1H, brs)

Example 31 Synthesis of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

2.2 g of 10% palladium carbon was added to a DMF solution (20 ml) of 2.2g of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,and the mixture was subjected to catalytic reduction at room temperaturefor 2 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtratewas concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washedwith water and saturated sodium chloride solution, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=50:1). The purified product was recrystallizedfrom a dichloromethane-ether mixed solvent, giving 1.9 g (88% yield) of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 213.2° C. to 213.7° C.

Example 32 Synthesis of5-(1-benzyl-8-butoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

55.5 mg of potassium tert-butoxide was added to a DMSO solution (1 ml)of 90 mg of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. 29.8 μl of4-iodobutane was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperaturefor 2 hours. Water was added to the reaction liquid, potassiumhydrogensulfate was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extractedwith ethyl acetate. After washing with water, the extract was dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby preparative silica gel thin layer chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=20:1), giving 42 mg (41% yield) of5-(1-benzyl-8-butoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 0.93 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.35-1.50 (2H, m), 1.57-1.73(2H, m), 2.52-2.67 (2H, m), 2.67-2.95 (2H, m), 3.05 (1H, dd, J=10.1 Hz,J=14.0 Hz), 3.51 (1H, dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=14.0 Hz), 3.89 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz),4.39 (1H, dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=10.1 Hz), 5.32 (2H, s), 6.71 (1H, d, J=8.6Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.02-7.25 (5H, m), 9.15 (1H, brs)

Example 33 Synthesis of5-(1-benzyl-8-benzyloxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

55.5 mg of potassium tert-butoxide was added to a DMSO solution (1 ml)of 90 mg of5-(1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. 30 μl of benzylbromide was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for1 hour. Water was added to the reaction liquid, potassiumhydrogensulfate was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extractedwith ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby preparative silica gel thin layer chromatography(dichloromethane:methanol=20:1), giving 84.5 mg (76% yield) of5-(1-benzyl-8-benzyloxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) dppm: 2.49-2.65 (2H, m), 2.65-2.94 (2H, m), 3.07 (1H, dd,J=10.0 Hz, J=14.5 Hz), 3.51 (1H, dd, J=4.1 Hz, J=14.5 Hz), 4.39 (1H, dd,J=4.1 Hz, J=10.0 Hz), 4.97 (2H, s), 5.32 (2H, s), 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.6Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.93-7.02 (2H, m), 7.03-7.19 (3H, m),7.29-7.45 (5H, m), 9.07 (1H, brs)

Example 34 Synthesis of5-(1-carboxymethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

4.16 g of1-tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-carboxaldehydeand 1.66 g of 2,4-thiazolidinedione (1.00 eq.) were suspended in 40 mlof toluene, and two drops of acetic acid and two drops of piperidinewere added, followed by heating and refluxing for 13 hours using a DeanStark trap. After cooling, crystals were separated by filtration andwashed with toluene. The crystals obtained were suspended in 3.15 g ofsilica gel, 2.09 g of dihydropyridine, and 60 ml of toluene, followed byheating and refluxing overnight. 3.15 g of silica gel was added, thesolvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethylacetate=2:1), and recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane, giving 2.13g (38% yield) of5-(1-carboxymethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

Melting point: 251° C. to 255° C.

Example 35 Synthesis of 5-{1-[N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]carbonylmethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dionepotassium salt

500 mg of5-(1-carboxymethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dionewas dissolved in 5 ml of DMF. 0.35 ml of 3-trifluoromethyl aniline, 0.32g of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(WSC),and 0.25 g of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) were added to the solution,followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water was added tothe reaction liquid, and the solid thus obtained was separated byfiltration. The solid was dissolved in methylene chloride, washed withsodium chloride solution, and dried over sodium sulfate. Afterfiltration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylenechloride:methanol=50:1), giving 412 mg of5-{1-[N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]carbonylmethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione.

The 5-{1-[N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]carbonylmethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dionethus obtained was dissolved in 4 ml of THF. 84.5 mg of potassiumt-butoxide was added to dissolve the solid. Diethyl ether was added, andtrituration was carried out. The crystals produced were separated byfiltration and dried, giving 340 mg (49% yield) of5-{1-[N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]carbonylmethyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione•potassiumsalt as a brown powder.

Melting point: 135° C. to 139.5° C.

Example 36 Synthesis of5-(8-methoxy-1-piperidin-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

1.7 g of 5-[8-methoxy-1-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dionewas added to 50 ml of a 4 N-hydrogen chloride ethyl acetate solution,followed by stirring at room temperature for 6 hours. The resultant wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and an aqueous sodiumhydrogencarbonate solution was added to the residue. The insolublematter thus formed was collected by filtration and dried, giving 1.5 g(yield: quantitative) of5-(8-methoxy-1-piperidin-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a white powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 1.05-1.3 (2H, m), 1.4-1.7 (3H, m), 2.3-2.9 (6H,m), 3.0-3.25 (3H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.00 (2H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 4.63 (1H,dd, J=8.7 Hz, J=4.2 Hz), 6.9-7.05 (2H, m)

Example 37 Synthesis of5-(1-{2-[1-(4-methylbenzoyl)piperidin-4-yl]ethyl}-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

2 ml of DMF was added to 100 mg of5-{1-[2-(1-piperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione,42.2 mg of p-toluic acid, 59.4 mg of1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC), and43.5 mg of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), followed by stirring at roomtemperature for 2.5 hours. Water was added, the mixture was stirred fora while, and the solid thus produced was collected by filtration. Thecollected solid was dissolved in methylene chloride, and purified bysilica gel chromatography (methylene chloride:methanol=20:1), giving68.4 mg (97% yield) of the target compound as a white solid.

Melting point: 60° C. to 65° C.

Example 38 Synthesis of5-[1-(5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

592 mg of 5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-2-carboxaldehyde and221 mg of 2,4-thiazolidinedione were suspended in 10 ml of toluene. Twodrops of acetic acid and two drops of piperidine were added to thesuspension, followed by heating and refluxing overnight. The reactionliquid was cooled, and the solid thus obtained was collected byfiltration. The collected solid was washed with toluene-diethyl ether,and dried, giving 620 mg (80% yield) of5-[1-(5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a yellow solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 5.67 (2H, s), 7.0-8.0 (10H, m), 8.45 (1H, dd,J=8.0 Hz, 1.3 Hz), 8.60 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 8.80 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 12.6(1H, brs)

Example 39 Synthesis of5-[1-(5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

620 mg of5-[1-(5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dionewas dissolved in 2.31 ml of THF. 2.31 ml of pyridine and 2.31 ml of aTHF solution of 2 M lithium borohydride were added to the solution,followed by heating and refluxing for 4 hours. The reaction liquid wascooled, acidified with diluted hydrochloric acid, and extracted withdichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water, then withsaturated sodium chloride solution, and dried over sodium sulfate. Afterfiltration, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, theresidue was crystallized using dichloromethane, and the solid thusobtained was separated by filtration. The solid separated by filtrationwas air-dried, giving 232 mg (36% yield) of5-[1-(5-benzyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas white crystals.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 3.1-3.7 (2H, m), 5.04 (1H, dd, J=13.8 Hz, J=4.8Hz), 5.76 (2H, s), 7.1-7.45 (5H, m), 7.6-8.0 (2H, m), 8.3-8.6 (3H, m),12.0 (1H, brs)

Example 40 Synthesis of5-{8-methoxy-1-[1-(2-methylbenzyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

To5-(8-methoxy-1-piperidin-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione(20 μmol, 1.0 eq.) was added a DMF (200 μl) solution of2-methylbenzaldehyde (24 μmol, 1.2 eq) and acetic acid (10 μl).Si-sodium cyanoborohydride was added further thereto. The solution wasshaken for several minutes, diisopropylethylamine (30 μl) was added, anda reaction was carried out at room temperature overnight. The resin wasremoved by filtration and washed with dichloromethane. The solvent wasdistilled off from the filtrate in a nitrogen gas stream, and theresidue was purified by HPLC (UV-trigger, column: CAPCELL PAK C18, UG120 S-5, 20 mm×50 mm, 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid-H₂O, 0.05%trifluoroacetic acid-CH₃CN). The structure was confirmed by LC-MS, andfreeze-drying was conducted, giving5-{8-methoxy-1-[1-(2-methylbenzyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dionein 50.5% yield.

MS: 508 (M⁺¹)

Example 41 Synthesis of5-{8-methoxy-1-[1-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

To5-(8-methoxy-1-piperidin-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione(20 μmol, 1.0 eq.) was added a DMF (200 μl) solution oftetrahydropyran-4-one (24 μmol, 1.2 eq.) and acetic acid (10 μl).MP-sodium triacetoxy borohydride was added further. After this solutionwas shaken for several minutes, DIEA (30 μl) was added and a reactionwas carried out at 60° C. overnight. The resin was removed by filtrationand washed with methylene chloride. The solvent was distilled off withnitrogen gas, and the residue was purified by HPLC (UV-trigger,column:CAPCELL PAK C18, UG 120 S-5, 20 mm×50 mm, 0.05% trifluoroaceticacid-H₂O, 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid-CH₃CN). The structure was confirmedby LC-MS, and freeze-drying was conducted, giving5-{8-methoxy-1-[1-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dionein 30% yield.

MS: 488 (M⁺¹)

Example 42 Synthesis of5-[1-(4-methanesulfonylaminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione

To a dichloromethane (20 ml) solution of 1.00 g (0.00243 mM) of5-[1-(4-aminobenzyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dionewere successively added pyridine (2.0 ml) and 0.21 ml (0.0027 mM) ofmethanesulfonyl chloride under ice cooling with stirring. The mixturewas stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes, and water was addedto stop the reaction. The resultant was washed (twice with water andonce with saturated sodium chloride solution), dried (magnesiumsulfate), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane:ethylacetate=1:10→1:1), giving 1.1 g (92% yield) of the target compound as awhite amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.39-2.54 (2H, m), 2.72-2.87 (2H, m), 2.88 (3H,s), 3.05 (1H, dd, J=10.0 Hz, J=14.4 Hz), 3.39 (1H, dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=14.4Hz), 3.67 (3H, s), 4.76 (1H, dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=10.0 Hz), 5.13 (2H, s),6.80 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.93-7.06 (4H, m), 9.57(1H, s), 12.05 (1H, s)

Example 43 Synthesis of3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

350 mg of5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dionewas dissolved in 5 ml of DMF. 0.156 ml of methyl bromoacetate and 0.25 gof potassium carbonate were added to the solution, followed by stirringat room temperature overnight. Water was added, and the mixture wasextracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed withsaturated sodium chloride solution, and dried over sodium sulfate. Afterfiltration, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography and recrystallizedfrom methanol-acetone, giving 245 mg (57% yield) of3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-5-(8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas white crystals.

Melting point: 182° C. to 184° C.

Example 44 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-5-ylidenemethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

1.50 g of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeand 0.761 g of 2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one were suspended in 20 ml oftoluene. Two drops of piperidine and two drops of acetic acid were addedto the suspension, followed by heating and refluxing for 4 hours. Afterallowing to cool, the solid thus precipitated was collected byfiltration, and dried, giving 2.34 g (91% yield) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-5-ylidenemethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a yellow powder.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.76-2.81 (2H, m), 3.04-3.09 (2H, m), 5.23 (2H,m), 7.10-7.47 (8H, m), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.59-7.65 (4H, m), 13.78 (1H, brs)

Using an appropriate starting material, the same procedure as in Example44 was performed, giving a compound of the following Example 45.

Example 451-(4-Bromobenzyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-5-ylidenemethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.67-2.80 (2H, m), 2.93-3.09 (2H, m), 5.14 (2H,s), 7.04 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.10-7.25 (2H, m), 7.32-7.57 (5H, m), 13.77(1H, brs)

Example 46 Synthesis of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

To 20 ml of toluene were added 1.4 g of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-5-ylidenemethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one,1.01 g of diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate,and 1.4 g of silica gel, followed by heating and refluxing overnight.The solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→2:1). The purifiedproduct was recrystallized from toluene, giving 0.84 g (60% yield) of1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a white powder.

Melting point: 186.3° C. to 187.1° C.

Example 47 Synthesis of1-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

50 mg of1-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-5-ylidenemethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-onewas suspended in a mixed solvent of 0.15 ml of methanol, 0.1 ml ofwater, 0.08 ml of an aqueous 1 N-sodium hydroxide solution, and 0.1 mlof THF. 0.03 ml of a DMF (5 ml) solution of 42 mg of cobalt chloride6-hydrate and 250 mg of dimethylglyoxime was further added to thesuspension, and the mixture was heated to 30° C. to 40° C. An aqueoussolution (0.1 ml) of 15 mg of sodium borohydride was added, followed bystirring for 30 minutes. A saturated aqueous potassium hydrogensulfatesolution was added, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, andthe extract was washed with water. The extract was dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified bypreparative silica gel thin layer chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=1:1) to give 44.7 mg (89% yield) of1-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a colorless amorphous solid, and further recrystallized from ethylacetate-diethyl ether, giving a white powder.

Melting point: 191.3° C. to 192.1° C.

Using an appropriate starting material, the same procedure as in Example47 was conducted, giving a compound of the following Example 48.

Example 481-(6-Chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-onehydrochloride

Melting point: 70° C. to 80° C.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example 6was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 49 to 110.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example15 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 111 to 119,121 to 131, 134 to 138, 140 to 144, 148, 150 to 153, 156 to 159, 161 to165, 173, 177 to 182, 184 to 188, 859 to 860, 965 to 969, 975 to 976,and 986 to 1001.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example21 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 120 and133.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example22 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 189 to 225,and 258 to 291.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example23 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 228 to 257,292 to 309, 656 to 658, 664, 666 to 667, 681 to 686, and 690 to 694.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example27 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 176, 310 to545, and 1034.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example32 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 546 to 606.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example35 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 607 to 613,614 to 655, 659 to 663, 665, 668 to 680, and 687 to 689.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example38 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 695 to 699,and 921 to 959.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example39 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 139, 145 to147, 154 to 155, 166 to 172, 174 to 175, 700 to 704, 913 to 920, 960 to964, 970 to 972, and 977 to 985.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example40 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 705 to 759.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example42 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 760 to 855.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example43 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 857, and861 to 912.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example 6was conducted, giving compounds of Examples 1002 to 1031.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example15 was conducted, giving compounds of Examples 1032 to 1033, 1038, 1041to 1045, 1047, 1050 to 1055, 1057 to 1058, 1069 to 1070, 1076 to 1079,and 1088.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example23 was conducted, giving a compound of Example 1059.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example35 was conducted, giving compounds of Examples 1115 to 1314.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example36 was conducted, giving compounds of Examples 160 and 1056.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example47 was conducted, giving compounds of Examples 974, 1035 to 1037, 1039to 1040, 1048, 1060 to 1068, 1071 to 1075, 1080 to 1087, and 1089 to1090.

The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted, giving compound ofExample 856.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example1317 was conducted, giving compounds of Examples 1049, and 1091 to 1114.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example25 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 226, 227,and 1046.

Using appropriate starting materials, the same procedure as in Example26 was conducted, giving compounds of the following Examples 149, 858,and 973.

Using an appropriate starting material, the same procedure as in Example31 was conducted, giving a compound of the following Example 183.

Using an appropriate starting material, the same procedure as in Example34 was conducted, giving a compound of the following Example 132.

TABLE 35

Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 49 —H —H —H —H —H2.55 (1H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.93 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 5.21(2H, s), 7.0-7.25 (7H, m), 7.83 (1H, s), 12.56 (1H, br s) 50 —H —H —C₆H₅—H —H 2.57 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.97 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.80 (3H, s),5.25 (2H, s), 7.0-7.65 (11H, m), 7.85 (1H, s), 13.1 (1H, br s) 51 —H —H—C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 1.20 (9H, s), 2.54 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.93 (2H, t, J =6.9 Hz), 3.81 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, s), 7.00 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.08 (1H,d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.84(1H, s), 12.5 (1H, br s) 52 —H —H —H —C₆H₅ —H 2.58 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz),2.96 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.77 (3H, s), 5.77 (2H, s), 6.8-7.65 (11H, m),7.86 (1H, s), 12.7 (1H, br s) 53 —H —H —H —H —C₆H₅ 2.50 (2H, t, J = 6.9Hz), 2.78 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.36 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, s), 6.90 (1H, d,J = 8.6 Hz), 7.1-7.6 (10H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 12.6 (1H, br s) 54 —H —H—NO₂ —H —H 2.55-2.69 (2H, m), 2.95-3.10 (2H, m), 3.60 (3H, s), 5.15 (2H,s), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.40 (2H, d, J =8.8 Hz), 7.85 (1H, s), 8.11 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 12.56 (1H, brs). 55 —H—H —CO₂CH₃ —H —H 2.52-2.66 (2H, m), 2.91-3.05 (2H, m), 3.65 (3H, s),3.79 (3H, s), 5.17 (2H, s), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J =8.7 Hz), 7.25 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.74-7.90 (3H, m), 12.55 (1H, brs).

TABLE 36

Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 56 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H2.40-2.62 (2H, m), 2.80-3.00 (2H, m), 3.64 (3H, s), 3.81 (3H, s), 5.16(2H, s), 6.69-6.82 (2H, m), 6.95-7.10 (3H, m), 7.10-7.13 (1H, m), 7.81(1H, s), 12.54 (1H, brs). 57 —H —H —Cl —H —H 7.45-7.65 (2H, m),2.85-3.04 (2H, m), 3.72 (3H, s), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz),7.06-7.31 (5H, m), 7.82 (1H, s), 12.53 (1H, brs). 58 —H —H —Br —H —H2.42-2.65 (2H, m), 2.85-3.04 (2H, m), 3.72 (3H, s), 5.11 (2H, s),6.96-7.12 (3H, m), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.39 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz),7.83 (1H, s), 12.54 (1H, brs). 59 —H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ —H —H 2.42-2.61 (2H,m), 2.81-2.99 (2H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 4.97 (2H, s), 5.16 (2H, s), 6.82(2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.95-7.10 (3H, m), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz),7.22-7.43 (5H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 12.50 (1H, brs). 60 —H —H —F —H —H2.85-3.05 (2H, m), 3.28-3.42 (2H, m), 4.19 (3H, s), 5.60 (2H, s),7.36-7.52 (3H, m), 7.52-7.70 (3H, m), 8.21 (1H, s), 12.40-13.45 (1H,br). 61 —H —H —CN —H —H 2.50-2.66 (2H, m), 2.90-3.06 (2H, m), 3.61 (3H,s), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz),7.32 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.70 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.85 (1H, s), 12.56(1H, s).

TABLE 37

Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 62 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H2.17 (3H, s), 2.42-2.62 (2H, m), 2.76-3.00 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 5.18(2H, s), 6.88-7.08 (5H, m), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.8 (1H, s), 12.54(1H, s). 63 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H 2.50-2.64 (2H, m), 2.87-3.02 (2H, m),3.78 (3H, s), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.84 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.90-6.93 (2H, m),7.03-7.11 (4H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.32- 7.37 (2H, m), 7.84(1H, s), 12.59 (1H, brs).

TABLE 38

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹³¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 64 —CH3 —CH₃ 2.44 (2H, t, J = 6.9Hz), 2.90 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.89 (3H, s), 7.17 (1H, d,J = 8.6 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.86 (1H, s), 12.59 (1H, br s) 65—H —CH₃ 2.47 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.99 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.89 (3H,s), 7.05-7.2 (2H, m), 7.86 (1H, s) 66 —C₄H₉ —CH₃ 0.81 (3H, t, J = 7.3Hz), 1.1-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (2H, m), 2.43 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.87(2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.89 (3H, s), 3.92 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.17 (1H,d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.86 (1H, s), 12.57 (1H, br s)67 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ —CH₃ 1.65-1.8 (2H, m), 2.35-2.5 (4H, m), 2.89 (2H, t, J =6.9 Hz), 3.78 (3H, s), 3.92 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.0-7.3 (7H, m), 7.86(1H, s), 12.25 (1H, br s) 68 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ —CH₃ 2.35 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz),2.55 (2H, t, J = 4.5 Hz), 2.73 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.16(2H, t, J = 4.5 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.1-7.3 (5H, m), 7.79(1H, s), 12.59 (1H, br s) 69 —C₂H₅ —CH₃ 1.07 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 2.42(2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.87 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.85 (2H, q, J = 7.0 Hz),3.90 (3H, s), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.86(1H, s), 12.59 (1H, br s) 70 —CH₂-cyclo-C₃H₅ —CH₃ 0.05-0.10 (2H, m),0.25-0.30 (2H, m), 0.75-0.80 (1H, m), 2.45 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.90(2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.85-3.90 (5H, m), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.26(1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.86 (1H, s), 12.59 (1H, br s) 71 —(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ —CH₃2.47 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.84 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 4.04(2H, t, J = 5.9 Hz), 4.29 (2H, t, J = 5.9 Hz), 6.77 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),6.89 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.1-7.3 (4H, m), 7.82 (1H, s), 13.2 (1H, br s)

TABLE 39

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹³¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 72 —CH₂-cyclo- —CH₃ 0.75-1.57 (11H,m), 2.45 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.88 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.89 (3H, s),3.90-3.95 (2H, m), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz),7.88 (1H, s), 12.59 (1H, br s) 73 —CH₂CH₂OCH₃ —CH₃ 2.46 (2H, t, J = 6.9Hz), 2.86 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.10 (3H, s), 3.35 (2H, t, J = 6.0 Hz),3.90 (3H, s), 4.10 (2H, t, J = 6.0 Hz), 7.17 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.24(1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.86 (1H, s), 12.6 (1H, br s) 74 —CH(C₆H₅)₂ —CH₃2.47 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 285 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.40 (3H, s), 6.29(2H, s), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.15- 7.3 (11H, m), 7.87 (1H, s),12.55 (1H, br s) 75 —CH₂C₆H₅ —H 2.41-2.60 (2H, m), 2.75-2.98 (2H, m),5.31 (2H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.00-7.30 (6H, m), 7.81 (1H, s),10.72 (1H, s), 12.48 (1H, brs). 76 —CH₂CH₂CN —CH₃ 2.37-2.55 (2H, m),2.78 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.83-2.98 (2H, m), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.06 (2H, t,J = 6.8 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.85(1H, s), 12.57 (1H, s). 77 —(CH₂)₄C₆H₅ —CH₃ 1.35-1.55 (4H, m), 2.40-2.70(4H, m), 2.80 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.85-3.95 (2H, m),7.05-7.3 (7H, m), 7.85 (1H, s), 12.7 (1H, br s) 78 —(CH₂)₅C₆H₅ —CH₃1.05-1.15 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 2.35-2.70 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J =6.9 Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 3.91 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.05-7.3 (7H, m), 7.83(1H, s), 12.6 (1H, br s) 79 —(CH₂)₂CO₂C₂H₅ —CH₃ 1.13 (3H, t, J = 7.1Hz), 1.60-1.76 (2H, m), 2.17 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.35-2.47 (2H, m),2.80-2.92 (2H, m), 3.79-3.84 (5H, m), 3.98 (2H, q, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.16(1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.85 (1H, s), 12.54 (1H,s).

TABLE 40

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹³¹ ¹H NMR dppm 80

—CH₃ 2.60 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.84 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.70 (3H, s),5.64 (2H, s), 6.95-8.0 (9H, m), 12.5 (1H, br s) 81

—CH₃ 2.60 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.99 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.78 (3H, s),5.37 (2H, s), 6.95-7.85 (9H, m), 12.6 (1H, br s) 82

—C₄H₉ 0.82 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.45-1.6 (2H, m), 2.59(2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.97 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.99 (2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz),5.21 (2H, 2), 7.0-7.65 (11H, m), 7.85 (1H, s), 12.6 (1H, br s) 83

—CH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ CDCl₃: 1.53 (9H, s), 2.70 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.98 (2H,t, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.46 (2H, s), 5.47 (2H, s), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),7.1-7.6 (10H, m), 7.96 (1H, s), 8.48 (1H, br s) 84

—H 2.56 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.93 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 5.36 (2H, s),6.8-7.65 (11H, m), 7.83 (1H, s), 10.79 (1H, s), 12.6 (1H, br s) 85

—CH₂OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.6-2.8 (m, 2H), 2.9-3.1 (m, 2H), 3.40 (2, 3H), 3.44 (2,3H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 6.05-7.6 (11H, m), 8.06(s, 1H) 86

—CH₃ 7.45-7.65 (2H, m), 2.85-3.04 (2H, m), 3.72 (3H, s), 5.12 (2H, s),7.03 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.06-7.31 (5H, m), 7.82 (1H, s), 12.53 (1H,brs). DMSO-d₆ is used for measuring NMR, unless otherwise specified.

TABLE 41

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹³¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 87

—CH₃ 2.48-2.51 (2H, m), 2.96-2.99 (2H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 5.18 (2H, s),6.88 (1H, d, J = 10.3 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 10.3 Hz), 7.53- 7.74 (4H,m), 7.84 (1H, s), 8.09-8.10 (1H, m), 8.35 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 12.57(1H, brs) 88

—CH₃ 2.48-2.51 (2H, m), 2.98-3.01 (2H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 5.19 (2H, s),7.07 (1H, d, J = 10.5 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 10.5 Hz), 7.43- 7.66 (4H,m), 7.82-7.84 (2H, m), 8.01-8.04 (2H, m), 8.43-8.45 (1H, m), 12.56 (1H,brs) 89

—CH₃ DMSO overlap (2H), 2.80-2.85 (2H, m), 3.40-3.47 (4H, m), 3.61-3.68(4H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 5.11 (2H, s), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 6.98-7.24(3H, m), 7.77 (1H, s), 7.87 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 12.18 (1H, brs) 90

—CH₃ 2.84-2.89 (2H, m), 3.15-3.19 (4H, m), 3.25-3.30 (2H, m), 3.50-3.54(4H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.12 (2H, s), 6.69-6.90 (2H, m), 6.96 (2H, d, J =8.0 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.16-7.30 (4H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.88(1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 12.53 (1H, brs) 91

—CH₃ 2.35 (3H, s), 2.55-2.59 (4H, m), 2.83-2.89 (2H, m), 3.34-3.44 (6H,m), 3.84 (3H, s), 5.11 (2H, s), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J= 8.8 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.2 Hz, J2 = 8.8Hz), 7.68 (1H, s), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz)

TABLE 42

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹³¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 92

—CH₃ 2.50-2.58 (2H, m), 2.95-3.03 (2H, m), 3.71 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, s),7.04 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, 8.7 Hz), 7.39-7.44 (1H, m),7.61-7.70 (2H, m), 7.87-7.94 (1H, m), 8.25 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.32(1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.45-8.46 (1H, m), 8.64 (1H, d, J = 4.1 Hz), NHn.d. (1H, brs) 93

—CH₃ 2.82-2.87 (2H, m), 3.05-3.10 (2H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 5.32 (2H, s),7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 7.50-7.56 (1H, m), 7.67-7.73 (1H, m), 7.87-7.93 (1H, m), 8.24 (1H,d, J = 8.5 Hz), 12.56 (1H, brs)

TABLE 43

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R¹⁴¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 94

—H —H 2.70-2.83 (2H, m), 2.98-3.15 (2H, m), 5.32 (2H, s), 6.99-7.10 (2H,m), 7.18-7.30 (1H, m), 7.35-7.54 (3H, m), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.75- 7.90 (3H,m), 7.94 (1H, s), 12.63 (1H, s). 95 —C₆H₅ —H —H 2.71-2.76 (2H, m),3.10-3.33 (2H, m), 6.30 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.10-7.28 (4H, m), 7.40-7.57 (3H, m), 7.98 (1H, s), 12.66 (1H, s). 96

—H —H 2.69-2.75 (2H, m), 3.01-3.06 (2H, m), 5.21 (2H, s), 7.05-7.14 (2H,m), 7.31 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J1= 2.4 Hz, J2 = 8.3 Hz), 7.92 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 12.60(1H, brs)

TABLE 44

Ex. R¹⁵¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 97 —C₆H₅ —H 2.68-2.81 (2H, m), 3.04(2H, t, J = 6.6 Hz), 5.21 (2H, s), 7.01-7.15 (2H, m), 7.21-7.39 (4H, m),7.39-7.50 (2H, m), 7.5-7.65 (4H, m), 7.93 (1H, s), 12.62 (1H, s). 98 —Br—H 2.60-2.80 (2H, m), 2.95-3.10 (2H, m), 5.13 (2H, s), 6.99 (1H, d, J =8.2 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.11-7.32 (3H, m), 7.49 (2H, d, J =8.4 Hz), 7.92 (1H, s), 12.64 (1H, s). 99 —Cl —H 7.63-7.80 (2H, m),2.92-3.10 (2H, m), 5.16 (2H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d,J = 7.7 Hz), 7.20-7.31 (3H, m), 7.31-7.45 (2H, m), 7.93 (1H, s), 12.65(1H, brs). 100 —CH₃ —H 2.25 (3H, s), 2.49-2.51 (2H, m), 2.68-2.73 (2H,m), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.07-7.29 (6H, m), 7.93 (1H,s), 12.64 (1H, brs). 101 —C₆H₅ —C₆H₅ 2.62-2.77 (2H, m), 2.89-3.07 (2H,m), 4.36 (2H, brs), 6.85 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.20-7.61 (14H, m), 7.93(1H, s), 12.66 (1H, brs). 102 —CO₂CH₃ —H 2.71-2.77 (2H, m), 3.02-3.08(2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 5.24 (2H, s), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H,d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.27 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.90(2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.94 (1H, s), 12.64 (1H, brs) 103 —NO₂ —H 2.72-2.78(2H, m), 3.04-3.10 (2H, m), 5.31 (2H, s), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.12(1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.28 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.51 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz),7.94 (1H, s), 8.18 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 12.66 (1H, brs)

TABLE 45

Ex. R¹⁵¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) dppm 104 —C₆H₅ —CH₃ 2.43 (3H, s), 2.57-2.63(2H, m), 2.84- 2.91 (2H, m), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.06-7.22 (4H, m), 7.22-7.60(7H, m), 7.98 (1H, s), 8.42 (1H, brs). 105 —C₆H₅ —Cl 2.60-2.66 (2H, m),2.85-2.92 (2H, m), 5.44 (2H, s), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.18 (2H, d,J = 8.2 Hz), 7.23-7.48 (6H, m), 7.48-7.59 (2H, m), 7.91 (1H, s), 7.23(1H, brs).

TABLE 46

Ex. R¹⁵¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 106 —C₆H₅ —H 2.70-2.84 (2H, m),2.97-3.10 (2H, m), 5.22 (2H, s), 7.04-7.20 (2H, m), 7.20-7.49 (6H, m),7.49-7.65 (4H, m), 7.68 (1H, s), 12.53 (1H, s). 107 —Br —H 2.66-2.81(2H, m), 2.91-3.09 (2H, m), 5.13 (2H, s), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.19(2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.40-7.55 (3H, m),7.67 (1H, s), 12.54 (1H, brs). 108 —NO₂ —H 2.71-2.87 (2H, m), 2.97-3.15(2H, m), 5.31 (2H, s), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.38 (1H, dd, J = 1.9,8.6 Hz), 7.45-7.60 (3H, m), 7.69 (1H, s), 8.18 (2H, m), 12.55 (1H, brs).109 —C₆H₅ —OCH₃ 2.55-2.70 (2H, m), 2.85-3.01 (2H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 5.31(2H, s), 7.07 (1H, s), 7.12 (1H, s), 7.21 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.25-7.35(1H, m), 7.35- 7.47 (2H, m), 7.54 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.60 (2H, d, J =7.3 Hz), 7.68 (1H, s), 12.57 (1H, brs). 110 —C₆H₅ —CH₃ 2.36 (3H, s),2.53-2.68 (2H, m), 2.79- 3.04 (2H, m), 5.15 (2H, s), 7.22 (2H, d, J =8.2 Hz), 7.25-7.36 (3H, m), 7.36-7.49 (2H, m), 7.50-7.70 (5H, m), 12.57(1H, brs).

TABLE 47

Ex. R¹⁶¹ R³⁰¹ M.p. (° C.) 111 —H —H 290-291 112 —CH₃ —H 246-248 113 —CH₃—CH₃ 143-145 114

—H 244.7-246.7

TABLE 48

Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ M.p.(° C.) 115 —H —H —H —H —H 178-180 116—H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H 211-213 117 —H —H —H —H —H 210-215 118 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃—H —H 215-217 119 —H —H —NO₂ —H —H 246.5-246.6 120 —H —H —NH₂ —H —H174.1-174.8 121 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 177.5-179.0 122 —H —H —Cl —H —H190.5-191.8 123 —H —H —Br —H —H 178.1-179.0 124 —H —H —F —H —H177.7-179.2 125 —H —H —CN —H —H 206.4-208.0 126 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H165.2-167.0 127 —H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ —H —H 106.4-109.1 128 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H213.9-214.7

TABLE 49

Ex. R¹¹¹ R¹¹² R¹¹³ R¹¹⁴ R¹¹⁵ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 129 —H —H —H —H —C₆H₅2.39-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.06 (dd; J = 9.9, 14.4 Hz, 1H),3.33 (S, 3H), 3.39 (dd; J = 4.2, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (dd; J = 4.2, 9.9Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 6.69 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.6 Hz,1H), 7.04-7.47 (m, 9H), 12.08 (brs, 1H) 130 —H —H —H —C₆H₅ —H 2.45-2.57(m, 2H), 2.79-2.90 (m, 2H), 3.09 (dd; J = 10.1, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.41 (dd;J = 4.3, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (S, 3H), 4.77 (dd; J = 4.3, 10.1 Hz, 1H),5.26 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03(d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.55 (m, 8H), 12.09 (brs, 1H) 131 —H —H—NHSO₂CH₃ —H —H 2.39-2.54 (2H, m), 2.72-2.87 (2H, m), 2.88 (3H, s), 3.05(1H, dd, J = 10.0, 14.4 Hz), 3.39 (1H, dd, J = 4.0, 14.4 Hz), 3.67 (3H,s), 4.76 (1H, dd, J = 4.0, 10.0 Hz), 5.13 (2H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.93-7.06 (4H, m), 9.57 (1H, s), 12.05(1H, s).

TABLE 50

Ex. R¹⁷¹ R²⁰¹ M.p.(° C.) 132 —C₆H₅ —OCH₂CO₂H 128-133 133 —C₆H₅ —H198.1-199.2 134 —Br —H 224.3-225.8 135 —Cl —H 212.1-212.9 136 —CH₃ —H209.3-210.3 137 —CO₂CH₃ —H 247-249 138 —NO₂ —H 243-250

TABLE 51

Ex. R¹⁷¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR dppm 139 —C₆H₅ —OC₄H₉ 0.82 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H),1.25-1.33 (m, 2H). 1.46- 1.55 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.91 (m,2H). 3.11 (dd; J = 9.6, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.41 (dd; J = 4.4, 14.4 Hz, 1H),3.84-3.92 (m, 2H). 4.80 (dd; J = 4.4, 9.6 Hz. 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 6.87d,J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H).7.27-7.62 (m, 7H), 12.08 (brs, 1H) 140 —C₆H₅ —CH₃ 2.28 (3H, s),2.37-2.57 (2H, m). 2.67-2.94 (2H, m). 3.16 (1H, dd, J = 9.3. 14.3 Hz).3.44 (1H, d, J = 4.4, 14.3 Hz). 4.83 (1H, dd, J = 4.4, 9.3 Hz),4.95-5.20 (2H, m), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz),7.15 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.25-7.48 (3H, m), 7.51 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz),7.60 (2H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 12.07 (1H, brs). 141 —C₆H₅ —Cl 2.43-2.62 (2H,m), 2.80-2.98 (2H, m), 3.21 (1H, dd, J = 9.3, 14.3 Hz), 3.45 (1H, dd, J= 4.7, 14.3 Hz), 4.84 (1H, dd, J = 4.7, 9.3 Hz). 5.31 (2H, s), 6.97 (1H,d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.15 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz),7.27-7.45 (3H, m), 7.50 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz). 7.59 (2H, d, J = 7.2. Hz),12.10 (1H, brs). 142 —C₆H₅ —C₆H₅ 2.56-2.75 (2H, m), 2.80-3.00 (2H, m),3.13- 3.30 (1H, m), 3.45-3.60 (1H, m), 4.18-4.50 (2H, m), 4.90 (1H, dd,J = 4.5, 9.4 Hz), 6.80 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz),7.12 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.21-7.64 (12H, m), 12.12 (1H, brs). 143 —CO₂H—H 2.67-2.72 (2H, m), 2.97-3.02 (2H, m), 3.11- 3.60 (2H, m), 4.85 (1H,dd, J1 = 4.6 Hz, J2 = 10.7 Hz), 5.21 (2H, s), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz),6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.09 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.32 (2H, d, J = 8.2Hz), 7.88 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 12.19 (1H, brs), 12.88 (1H, brs) 144—C₆H₅ —OCH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ CDCl₃: 1.57 (9H, s), 2.55-2.8 (2H, m), 2.75- 2.95(2H, m), 3.05-3.2 (1H, m), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 4.38 (3H, s), 4.35-4.5 (1H,m), 5.4-5.55 (2H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 7.15-7.6 (9H, m), 7.96 (1H, br s) DMSO-d₆ is used for measuringNMR, unless otherwise specified.

TABLE 52

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ M.p.(° C.) 145 —CH₃ —OCH₃ 204-208 146 —H —OCH₃ 253-256 147—C₂H₅ —OCH₃ 179-181 148 —CH₂CH₂CN —OCH₃ 197.9-199.9 149 —(CH₂)₃CO₂H—OCH₃ 164.7-165.5 150 —C₆H₅ —H 225.5-2272  151 —(CH₂)₃CO₂C₂H₅ —OCH₃154.7-156.0 152 —CH₂CH═CH₂ —OCH₃ 160.0-161.5 153 —C₈H₁₇ —OCH₃102.0-103.0 154

—OCH₃ 117-121 155

—OCH₃ 97-99 156

—OCH₃ 183-185 157

—OCH₃ 107-114 158

—H 228.1-230.0 159

—H 76-94 160

—H 261.5-263  

TABLE 53

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ M.p.(° C.) 161

—OCH₃ 121-126 162

—OCH₃ 135-137 163

—OCH₃ 215(dec.) 164

—OCH₃ 104-109 165

—H 225-226

TABLE 54

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 166 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ —OCH₃ 1.62-1.73 (m,2H), 2.32-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.75- 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.10 (dd; J = 10.1, 14.4 Hz,1H), 3.44 (dd; J = 4.3, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (S, 3H), 3.85-3.95 (m, 2H),4.81 (dd; J = 4.3, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J =8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22(t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 12.10 (brs, 1H) 167 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ —OCH₃ 2.22-2.31 (m,2H), 2.32-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.63- 2.75 (m, 2H). 3.05 (dd; J = 10.4, 14.5 Hz,1H), 3.41 (dd; J = 4.2, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (S, 3H), 4.10-4.30 (m, 2H).4.69 (dd; J = 4.2, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 4H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 3H),12.12 (brs, 1H) 168 —C₄H₉ —OCH₃ 0.79 (t; J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.13 (tt; J =7.2, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (tt; J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 2H),2.70-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.11 (dd; J = 9.8, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (dd; J = 4.4,14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (S, 3H), 3.92 (t; J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.80 (dd; J = 4.4,9.8 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d; J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d; J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 12.09(brs, 1H) 169 —CH₂-cyclo- —OCH₃ 0-0.05 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.26 (m, 2H),0.73-0.84 (m, C₃H₅ 1H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.85 (m, 2H), 3.14 (dd;J = 9.6, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (dd; J = 4.4, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (S, 3H),3.84-3.90 (m, 2H), 4.82 (dd; J = 4.4, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d; J = 8.6 Hz,1H), 6.98 (d; J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 12.07 (brs, 1H) 170 —(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ —OCH₃2.35-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.07 (dd; J = 10.2, 14.5 Hz, 1H),3.42 (dd; J = 4.2, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (S, 3H), 4.00-4.07 (m, 2H), 4.21-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.73 (dd; J = 4.2, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H),6.88 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.7 Hz,1H), 7.21 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 12.11 (brs, 1H)

TABLE 55

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 171 —CH₂-cyclo- —OCH₃ 0.71-0.80 (m,2H), 0.94-1.07 (m, 3H), 1.20- C₆H₁₁ 1.27 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.45 (m, 2H),1.45-1.59 (m, 3H), 2.34-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.82 (m, 2H), 3.13 (dd; J =9.4, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (dd; J = 4.4, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (S, 3H),3.89-3.99 (m, 2H), 4.82 (dd; J = 4.4, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.6 Hz,1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 12.06 (brs, 1H) 172 —CH₂CH₂OCH₃ —OCH₃2.35-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.08 (S, 3H), 3.11 (dd; J = 9.8,14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.25- 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.42 (dd; J = 4.3, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.80(S, 3H), 4.03-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.80 (dd; J = 4.3, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J =8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 12.09 (brs, 1H) 173—(CH₂)₂CH(CH₃)₂ —OCH₃ 0.75-0.85 (6H, m), 1.2-1.5 (3H, m), 2.3-2.5 (2H,m), 2.6-2.9 (2H, m), 3.0-3.15 (1H, m), 3.35- 3.5 (1H, m), 3.80 (3H, s),3.94 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 4.75-4.85 (1H, m), 6.9-7.1 (2H, m), 12.05 (1H,br s) 174 —(CH₂)₄C₆H₅ —OCH₃ 1.38-1.45 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.50 (m, 2H). 2.70-2.81 (m, 2H), 3.10 (dd; J = 10.0, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.42(dd; J = 4.3. 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (S, 3H), 3.88-3.96 (m, 2H), 4.80 (dd; J= 4.3, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H),7.10 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (t, J = 7.3 Hz,2H), 12.10 (brs, 1H) 175 —(CH₂)₅C₆H₅ —OCH₃ 1.04-1.15 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.50(m, 4H), 2.32- 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.73 (m, 2H), 3.09(dd; J = 10.0, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (dd; J = 4.3, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (S,3H), 3.86-3.96 (m, 2H), 4.78 (dd; J = 4.3, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J =8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.15(t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 12.10 (brs, 1H)

TABLE 56

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R³¹¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 176

—H —OCH₃ 1.25-1.45 (4H, m), 1.45-1.70 (4H, m), 2.09 (2H, t, J = 7.7 Hz),2.31-2.48 (2H, m), 2.65-2.88 (2H, m), 3.00-3.21 (3H, m), 3.21-3.50 (3H,m), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.85-4.00 (2H, m), 4.78 (1H, dd, J = 4.2, 10.0 Hz),6.86-8.09 (2H, m), 12.08 (1H, brs). 177

—H —OCH₃ DMSO overlap (2H), 2.82-2.88 (2H, m), 3.06-3.14 (1H, m),3.37-3.45 (1H, m), 3.66 (3H, s), 4.79 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.4 Hz, J2 = 9.5Hz), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.39-7.66 (4H, m), 7.78-7.81 (2H, m), 8.43 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 12.56(1H, brs) 178

—H —OCH₃ DMSO overlap (2H), 2.67-2.73 (2H, m), 2.98-3.18 (2H, m), DMSOoverlap (4H, m), 3.32-3.64 (4H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.68-4.72 (1H, m),5.09 (2H, s), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.82-6.98 (2H, m), 7.18- 7.22(1H, m), 7.85 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 12.02 (1H, brs)

TABLE 57

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R³¹¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 179

—H —OCH₃ 2.20 (3H, s), 2.34-2.38 (4H, m), DMSO overlap (2H, 4H),2.71-2.76 (2H, m), 2.97-3.05 (2H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.65-4.70 (1H, m),5.08 (2H, s), 6.62 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.90(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.17 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.4 Hz, J2 = 8.7 Hz), 7.83 (1H,d, J = 2.4 Hz), NH n. d. (1H) 180

—H —OCH₃ 2.55-2.57 (2H, m), 2.87- 2.89 (2H, m), 3.07-3.14 (1H, m),3.39-3.46 (1H, m), 3.64 (3H, s), 4.76-4.82 (1H, m), 5.19 (2H, s), 6.85(1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.38-7.43 (1H, m), 7.61(1H, dd, J1 = 2 Hz, J2 = 8.2 Hz), 7.90 (1H, ddd, J1 = 1.5 Hz, J2 = 7.8Hz, J3 = 7.9 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.32 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz),8.45 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.64 (1H, d, J = 4.6 Hz), 12.06 (1H, brs) 181

—H —OCH₃ 2.55-2.60 (2H, m), 3.02- 3.07 (2H, m), 3.11-3.16 (1H, m),3.41-3.46 (1H, m), 3.52 (3H, s), 4.80-4.86 (1H, m), 5.30 (2H, s), 6.84(1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.50-7.56 (1H, m), 7.66-7.72 (1H, m), 7.88-7.91 (1H, m), 8.21 (1H, d, J= 8.6 Hz), 12.12 (1H, brs)

TABLE 58

Ex. R¹⁰¹ R³¹¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR dppm 182

—CH₂OCH₃ —OCH₂OCH₃ CDCl₃: 2.55-2.75 (2H, m), 2.75-3.0 (2H, m), 3.05-3.15 (1H, m), 3.28 (3H, s), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.55-3.65 (2H, m), 4.35-4.45(1H, m), 4.9- 5.1 (4H, m), 5.25-5.4 (2H, m), 4.35-4.45 (1H, m), 4.9- 5.1(4H, m), 5.25-5.4 (2H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J =8.6 Hz), 7.1- 7.6 (11H, m) 183

—CH₂OCH₃ —OH 2.45-2.55 (2H, m), 2.75- 2.9 (2H, m), 3.05-3.2 (4H, m),3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 4.7- 5.0 (3H, m), 5.34 (2H, s), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 8.4Hz), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.1- 7.7 (9H, m), 9.94 (1H, br s) DMSO-d₆is used for measuring NMR, unless otherwise specified.

TABLE 59

Ex. R¹⁵¹ R²⁰¹ M.p. (° C.) 184 —Br —H 193.4-195.0 185 —NO₂ —H 215.5-216.1

TABLE 60

Ex. R¹⁵¹ R²⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 186 —C₆H₅ —H 2.62-2.76 (2H, m),2.85-3.07 (3H, m), 3.20-3.40 (1H, m), 4.85 (1H, dd, J = 4.2, 9.7 Hz).5.16 (2H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 6.96-7.06 (1H, m), 7.11 (1H, 2),7.24-7.38 (3H, m), 7.38-7.50 (2H, m), 7.50-7.68 (4H, m), 12.02 (1H, s).187 —C₆H₅ —OCH₃ 2.4.8-2.60 (2H, m), 2.60-2.88 (2H, m), 2.90-3.06 (1H,m), 3.26-3.40 (1H, m), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.82-4.95 (1H, m), 5.24 (2H, s),6.73 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.18 (2H, d, J = 8.2Hz), 7.25-7.37 (1H, m), 7.37-7.46 (2H, m), 7.46-7.55 (2H, m), 7.55- 7.68(2H, m), 12.06 (1H, brs). 188 —C₆H₅ —CH₃ 2.26 (3H, s), 2.45-2.60 (2H,m), 2.70-2.85 (2H, m), 2.87-3.05 (1H, m), 3.18-3.40 (1H, m), 4.87 (1H,dd, J = 4.3. 9.8 Hz), 5.07 (2H, s), 6.93 (1H, s), 6.98 (1H, s), 7.18(2H, m), 7.27-7.38 (1H, m), 7.38-7.48 (2H, m), 7.48-7.56 (2H, m),7.56-7.66 (2H, m), 12.06 (1H, s).

TABLE 61

Ex. R¹⁸¹ R¹⁸² R¹⁸³ R¹⁸⁴ R¹⁸⁵ M.p. (° C.) 189 —H —H —H —H —H 231.1-232.2190 —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 208-209 191 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 199-200 192 —H —H—H —H —OCH₃ 209 193 —H —H —Cl —H —H 223-225

TABLE 62

Ex. R¹⁸¹ R¹⁸² R¹⁸³ R¹⁸⁴ R¹⁸⁵ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 194 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H2.81-2.87 (2H, m), 3.01-3.11 (1H, m), DMSO overlap (2H, 1H), 3.71 (3H,s), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.58-4.61 (1H, m), 5.18 (2H, s). 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.03 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.11-7.15 (1H,m), 7.38-7.50 (3H, m), 7.57 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 10.10 (1H, s), 12.07(1H, s) 195 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H 2.80-2.86 (2H, m), 3.01-3.11 (1H, m),DMSO overlap (2H, 1H), 3.72 (3H, s), 4.78 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.4 Hz, J2 = 9.9Hz), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.00-7.12 (6H, m), 7.19-7.25 (1H, m), 7.42-7.48 (2H, m), 7.57 (2H, d, J= 8.5 Hz), 7.94 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 10.08 (1H, s), 12.07 (1H, s) 196 —H—H —H —H —Cl 2.80-2.86 (2H, m), 3.06 (1H, dd, J1 = 9.9 Hz, J2 = 14.5Hz), DMSO overlap (2H, 1H), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.78 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.2 Hz, J2= 9.9 Hz), 5.19 (2H, s), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.7Hz), 7.02 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.37-7.54 (6H, m), 10.37 (1H, s), 12.05(1H, 2) 197 —Cl —H —H —H —Cl 2.82-2.88 (2H, m), 3.02-3.12 (1H, m), DMSOoverlap (2H, 1H), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.76-4.79 (1H, m), 5.15 (2H, s), 6.78(1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.04 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz),7.48-7.56 (5H, m), 10.63 (1H, s), 12.07 (1H, s)

TABLE 63

Ex. R¹⁸¹ R¹⁸² R¹⁸³ R¹⁸⁴ R¹⁸⁵ MS (M + 1) 198 —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H —H 573 199—H —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H 573 200 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 584 201 —H —H —H —H —NO₂561 202 —H —H —H —H —C₆H₅ 592 203 —H —H —H —H —N(CH₃)₂ 559 204 —H —H —H—H —NHC₆H₅ 607 205 —Cl —H —H —H —Cl 584 206 —H —H —H —CN —H 541 207 —H—H —H —NO₂ —H 561 208 —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 608 209 —H —H —H —F —CH₃ 548210 —H —H —COCH₃ —H —H 558 211 —H —H —H —H —CF₃ 584 212 —H —H —H —CF₃ —H584 213 —H —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ 608 214 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H 608 215 —H —H —F—H —Cl 568 216 —H —H

—H —H 599 217 —H —H -1-PYRRYL —H —H 581 218 —H —H

—H —H 582 219 —H —H

—H —H 583

TABLE 64

Ex. R¹⁸¹ R¹⁸² R¹⁸³ R¹⁸⁴ R¹⁸⁵ MS (M + 1) 220 —H —H

—H —H 582 221 —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ 546 222 —H —Cl —H —H —OCH₃ 580 223 —H —H—Cl —H —H 550 224 —H —H —H —H —H 516

TABLE 65

Ex. R¹⁹¹ M.p. (° C.) 225 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 124.7-126.4 226 —NHC₆H₅233.0-234.6 227 —NHC₂H₅ 195.7-196.9 228 —C₂H₅ 198.3-200.3 229 —CH₃215.2-217.8 230 —OCH₃ 136.3-138.6 231 -3-PYRIDYL 233.0-234.2 232 —OC₅H₁₁ 98-102 233

166-168 234 —OCH₂C₆H₅ 186-189

TABLE 66

Ex. R¹⁹¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 235 -2-FURYL 2.76-2.81 (2H, m), 3.01-3.11(1H, m), DMSO overlap (2H), 3.32-3.42 (1H, m), 3.71 (3H, s), 4.76-4.79(1H, m), 5.17 (2H, s), 6.67 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.7 Hz, J2 = 3.5 Hz), 6.82(1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.01 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),7.28 (1H, dd, J1 = 0.7 Hz, J2 = 3.5 Hz), 7.55 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.90(1H, dd, J1 = 0.7 Hz, J2 = 1.7 Hz), 10.06 (1H, s), 12.06 (1H, s) 236

2.82-2.88 (2H, m), 3.03-3.13 (1H, m), DMSO overlap (2H, 1H), 3.73 (3H,s), 4.79 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.1 Hz, J2 = 9.9 Hz), 5.20 (2H, s), 6.83 (1H, d,J = 8.6 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz),7.58-7.66 (4H, m), 7.95-8.08 (4H, m), 8.52 (1H, s), 10.33 (1H, s), 12.06(1H, s) 237

2.79-2.85 (2H, m), 3.00-3.10 (1H, m), DMSO overlap (2H, 1H), 3.70 (3H,s), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.74-4.78 (1H, m), 5.15 (2H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.7Hz), 6.91-7.00 (5H, m), 7.06-7.11 (2H, m), 7.30 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),10.01 (1H, s), 12.05 (1H, s)

TABLE 67

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 238 —(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ 560 239 -3-PYRIDYL 517 240-4-PYRIDYL 517 241 -2-FURYL 506 242 -2-THIENYL 522 243 -3-FURYL 506 244-3-THIENYL 522 245 -cyclo-C₅H₉ 508 246 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 522 247—CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 536 248 —CH₂OC₆H₅ 546 249 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ 544 250-2-PYRIDYL 517 251 —CH═CHC₆H₅ (trans) 542 252 —OC₆H₅ 532 253 —OC₃H₇ 498254 —OC₅H₁₁ 526 255 —OCH₂C₆H₅ 546 256 —OCH₃ 470 257 —OC₄H₉ 512

TABLE 68

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 258

545 259

531 260

531 261

536 262

582 263

536 264

522 265

627 266

565

TABLE 69

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 267

572 268

566 269

566 270

560 271

599 272

585 273

551 274

564 275

576

TABLE 70

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 276

586 277

543 278

543 279

551 280

563 281

555 282

555 283

505 284

523

TABLE 71

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 285

556 286

585 287

569 288

572 289

543 290

535 291

518 292

566 293

562

TABLE 72

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 294

582 295

550 296

546 297

580 298

494 299

577 300

502 301

510 302

546 303

518

TABLE 73

Ex. R¹⁹¹ MS (M + 1) 304

562 305

612 306

590 307

594 308

591 309

568

TABLE 74

Ex. R²¹¹ R²¹² R²¹³ R²¹⁴ R²¹⁵ M.p. (° C.) 310 —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H 226311 —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 139-142 312 —H —H —Cl —H —H 154-158 313 —H —H—OCH₃ —H —H 225-230

TABLE 75

M.p. Ex. R³²¹ R²¹¹ R²¹² R²¹³ R²¹⁴ R²¹⁵ (° C.) 314 —H —H —H —H —H —H242.7- 243.5  315 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 240-241 316 —H —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H—H 243-244 317 —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H 152-156 318 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H215-216 319 —H —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 203-204

TABLE 76

Ex. R³²¹ R²¹¹ R²¹² R²¹³ R²¹⁴ R²¹⁵ MS (M + 1) 320 —H —H —H —H —H —OCH₃546 321 —CH₃ —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ 560 322 —H —H —H —H —SCH₃ —H 562 323 —H—H —H —H —H —SCH₃ 562 324 —H —H —H —Cl —Cl —H 584 325 —H —H —H —OCF₃ —H—H 600 326 —H —H —H —H —H —H 516 327 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 550 328 —H —H —H—OCH₃ —H —H 546 329 —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H 546 330 —H —H —H —H —Cl —H 550331 —H —H —H —CH₃ —H —H 530 332 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H —OCH₃ 576 333 —H —OCH₃—H —H —Cl —H 580 334 —H —OCH₃ —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H 603 335 —H —H —H —OCH₃—OCH₃ —H 576 336 —H —H —H —H —H —C(CH₃)═CH₂ 556 337 —H —H —H —H —OCF₃ —H600 338 —H —H —H —H —H —CH₃ 530 339 —H —H —H —H —H —F 534 340 —H —H —H—H —F —H 534 341 —H —H —H —F —H —H 534 342 —H —H —H —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H 559343 —H —H —H —OC₂H₅ —H —H 560 344 —H —H —H —H —CF₃ —H 584 345 —H —H —H—H —NHCOCH₃ —H 573 346 —H —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H —H 573 347 —CH₃ —H —H —H—CH₃ —H 544 348 —H —H —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ 608 349 —H —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 608350 —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H 608

TABLE 77

Ex. R³²¹ R²¹¹ R²¹² R²¹³ R²¹⁴ R²¹⁵ MS (M + 1) 351 —H —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 584352 —H —H —Cl —H —Cl —H 584 353 —H —H —H —H —CH₃ —CH₃ 544 354 —H —H —H—CH₃ —H —CH₃ 544 355 —H —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —H 544 356 —H —H —F —H —F —H 552357 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —F —H 564 358 —H —H —H —SO₂NH₂ —H —H 595 359 —H —H —H—CH₃ —OCH₃ —H 560 360 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H 580 361 —H —H —H —CH₃ —Cl —H564 362 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —CF₃ —H 614 363 —H —H —H —F —Cl —H 568 364 —H —H—H —OH —Cl —H 566 365 —H —Cl —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H 607 366 —H —H —H —SCH₃ —H—H 562 367 —H —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H 558 368 —H —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 572369 —H —H —H —NHSO₂CH₃ —H —H 609 370 —H —H —H —CONHCH₃ —H —H 573 371 —H—H —H —H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ 622 372 —H —H —H —CH═CH₂ —H —H 544 373 —CH₃ —H —H—Cl —H —H 564 374 —H —H —H —H —H —Cl 550 375 —H —H —CN —H —H —H 541 376—H —H —H —F —H —Cl 568 377 —H —H —H —CN —H —H 541

TABLE 78

Ex. R³²¹ R²¹¹ R²¹² R²¹³ R²¹⁴ R²¹⁵ MS(M + 1) 378 —H —H —H

—H —H 599 379 —H —H —H

—H —H 614

TABLE 79

Ex. R²³¹ R²³² R²³³ R²³⁴ R²³⁵ MS (M + 1) 380 —H —H —H —Cl —H 619 381 —H—H —H —H —F 603 382 —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ 615 383 —H —H —F —H —H 603 384 —H—H —CF₃ —H —H 653 385 —H —H —CN —H —H 610 386 —H —H —H —H —H 585

TABLE 80

Ex. R⁴⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 387 -2-PYRIDYL 586 388 -Cyclo-C₅H₅ 577 389-4-PYRIDYL 586 390 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ 613 391 —CH₃ 613 392 —C(CH₃)₃ 579 393-3-PYRIDYL 586 394 —H 508

TABLE 81

Ex. R⁴⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 395

600 396

600 397

587 398

643 399

587 400

626 401

642 402

657 403

643

TABLE 82

Ex. R⁴⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 404

611 405

589 406

593 407

609 408

603 409

600 410

600 411

614 412

635 413

668

TABLE 83

Ex. R⁴¹¹ MS (M + 1) 414 —OCH₃ 538 415 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 590 416 —CH₂C₆H₅ 598417 —C₆H₅ 584

TABLE 84

Ex. R⁴¹¹ MS (M + 1) 418

591 419

632 420

655 421

620 422

646 423

632 424

593 425

614 426

653 427

647

TABLE 85

Ex. R⁴¹¹ MS (M + 1) 428

632 429

632 430

630 431

616 432

593 433

600 434

624

TABLE 86

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² M.p.(° C.) 435 —C₂H₅ —H 277.7-279.1 436 —CH(CH₃)₂ —H256.5-257.4 437 —CH₂CH₂OH —H 248.1-249.9 438 -3-PYRIDYL —H 251.9-254.1

TABLE 87

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 439 -3-PYRIDYL —H 517 440 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —CH₃ 536441 —C₄H₉ —C₄H₉ 552 442 —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ 552 443—CH₂-cyclo-C₃H₅ —C₃H₇ 536 444 -cyclo-C₅H₉ —CH₂CH═CH₂ 548 445 —C₄H₉ —H496 446 -cyclo-C₃H₅ —H 480 447 —CH₂C₆H₅ —H 530 448 —CH₂C₆H₅ -cyclo-C₆H₁₁612 449 —CH₂C₆H₅ —CH(CH₃)₂ 572 450 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —C₂H₅ 550 451 —C₃H₇ —H482 452 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —C₂H₅ 564 453 —CH₂CH₂OC₂H₅ —H 512 454-1-CH₃-CYCLOHEXYL —H 536 455 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —H 536 456 —CH(CH₃)C₆H₅ —H544 457 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ —H 558 458 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ —H 544 459 —CH₂CONH₂ —H 497460 —CH₂CO₂CH₃ —CH₃ 526 461 —C₅H₁₁ —CH₃ 524 462 -2-PYRIDYL —H 517

TABLE 88

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 463

—CH₃ 559 464

—CH₃ 551 465

—C₂H₅ 566 466

—H 558 467

—H 564 468

—H 564 469

—H 564 470

—H 531 471

—H 531 472

—H 531

TABLE 89

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 473

—H 520 474

—CH₃ 641 475

—CH₃ 579 476

—CH₂C₆H₅ 601 477

—CH₃ 615 478

—CH₃ 558 479

—CH₃ 588 480

—CH₃ 574 481

—C₂H₅ 559

TABLE 90

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 482

—C₂H₅ 602 483

—H 572 484

—CH₃ 647 485

—H 494 486

—H 522 487

—H 574 488

—H 614 489

—H 578 490

—H 574 491

—H 548

TABLE 91

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 492

—H 548 493

—H 567 494

—H 618 495

—H 577 496

—H 592 497

—H 524 498

—C₂H₅ 626 499

—CH₃ 601

TABLE 92

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 500

—C₂H₅ 592 501

—C₂H₅ 626 502

—C₂H₅ 638 503

—H 560 504

—H 562 505

—H 562 506

—H 551 507

—H 537 508

—H 553 509

—H 567

TABLE 93

Ex. R⁴²¹ R⁴²² MS (M + 1) 510

—H 536 511

—CH₃ 659 512

—H 531 513

—H 547 514

—H 555 515

—H 531 516

—H 523 517

—H 507 518

—H 508 519

—H 521

TABLE 94

Ex. R⁴³¹ MS (M + 1) 520

522 521

539 522

526 523

520 524

512 525

548 526

536 527

599 528

556

TABLE 95

Ex. R⁴³¹ MS (M + 1) 529

600 530

580 531

537 532

522 533

522 534

580 535

614 536

551

TABLE 96

Ex. R⁴³¹ MS (M + 1) 537

538 538

607 539

542 540

570 541

593 542

551 543

588

TABLE 97

Ex. R⁴⁴¹ MS (M + 1) 544

552 545

566

TABLE 98

MS Ex. R²⁴¹ R²⁴² R²⁴³ R²⁴⁴ R²⁴⁵ (M + 1) 546 —H —H —Cl —H —H 507 547 —Cl—H —H —H —H 507 548 —H —CF₃ —H —H —H 541 549 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 541 550 —H—H —CH₃ —H —H 487 551 —H —F —H —H —H 491 552 —H —CH₃ —H —H —H 487 553 —H—H —CO₂CH₃ —H —H 529 554 —H —Cl —H —H —H 507 555 —H —OCH₃ —H —H —H 503556 —H —H —H —NO₂ —H 518 557 —H —H —SO₂CH₃ —H —H 551 558 —OCH₃ —H —H —H—H 503 559 —H —H —CH═CHC₆H₅(trans) —H —H 575 560 —H —H —OCOCH₃ —H —H 531561 —H —H —F —H —H 491 562 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 503 563 —H —H

—H —H 557 564 —H —H —SCF₃ —H —H 573

TABLE 99

Ex. R²⁵¹ MS (M + 1) 565 —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂ 454 566 —CH₂CH═CHCH₃(trans) 437567 —(CH₂)₃CH═CH₂ 451 568 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ 487 569 —CH₂CCCH₃ 435 570—CH₂CCC₆H₅ 497 571 —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ 439 572 —CH₂COCH₃ 439 573 —(CH₂)₃N(CH₃)₂468 574 —(CH₂)₂SC₆H₅ 519 575 —CH₂CCH 421 576 —CH₂CH═CHC₆H₅ 499 577—CH₂CON(CH₃)₂ 468 578 —CH₂COC₆H₅ 501 579 —CH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 469 580—(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ 503 581 —(CH₂)₂OCH₂C₆H₅ 517 582 —(CH₂)₄COC₆H₅ 543 583—(CH₂)₃OCH₂C₆H₅ 531

TABLE 100

Ex. R²⁵¹ MS (M + 1) 584

494 585

488 586

535 587

555 588

597 589

492 590

555 591

474 592

556 593

474

TABLE 101

Ex. R²⁵¹ MS (M + 1) 594

494 595

604 596

541 597

604 598

493 599

561 600

542 601

502 502

553

TABLE 102

Ex. R²⁵¹ MS (M + 1) 603

479 604

463 605

499 606

570

TABLE 103

Ex. R⁴⁵¹ R⁴⁵² R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 607 —C₂H₅ —C₂H₅ —OCH₃ 0.94 (3H,t, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.99 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.50-1.69 (2H, m), 2.08 (2H,t, J = 7.7 Hz), 2.26-2.45 (2H, m), 2.63-2.85 (2H, m), 2.99-3.22 (5H, m),3.31- 3.49 (1H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.82-4.03 (2H, m), 4.78 (1H, dd, J =4.2, 10.0 Hz), 6.83-7.06 (2H, m), 12.08 (1H, brs). 608 —H —C₆H₅ —OCH₃1.64-1.81 (2H, m), 2.20 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.30-2.46 (2H, m),2.63-2.92 (2H, m), 2.99-2.16 (1H, m), 2.35-2.50 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s),3.86-4.02 (2H, m), 4.69-4.85 (1H, m), 6.87-7.07 (3H, m), 7.18-7.32 (2H,m), 7.54 (2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 9.80 (1H, s), 12.07 (1H, s). 609 —H-cyclo- C₆H₁₁ —OCH₃ 0.95-1.32 (5H, m), 1.42-1.75 (7H, m), 1.83-2.00 (2H,m), 2.25-2.45 (2H, m), 2.64-2.89 (2H, m), 3.00-3.15 (1H, m), 3.35-3.52(2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.80-3.95 (2H, m), 4.77 (1H, dd, J = 4.2, 10.0Hz), 6.81-7.05 (2H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 12.07 (1H, brs).

TABLE 104

Ex. n R⁴⁵¹ R⁴⁵² R² M.p. (° C.) 610 1 —H -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —OCH₃ 105-114 611 1—H —C₆H₅ —OCH₃   135-138.5 612 1 —H

—OCH₃   128-132.5 613 3 —H —C₂H₅ —OCH₃ 174.2-175.2

TABLE 105

Ex. R⁴⁶¹ M.p. (° C.) 614 —COCH₃ 209.5-211   615

120-122 616

  182-184.5 617 —COC₃H₇ 52-67 618

53-69

TABLE 106

MS Ex. R⁴⁷¹ R⁴⁷² R⁴⁷³ R⁴⁷⁴ R⁴⁷⁵ (M + 1) 619 —H —H —H —H —H 508 620 —H —H—CH₃ —H —H 522 621 —H —H —Cl —H —H 542 622 —H —H —F —H —H 526 623 —H —H—OCH₃ —H —H 538 624 —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 576 625 —Cl —H —H —H —H 542 626—CH₃ —H —H —H —H 522 627 —H —OCH₃ —H —H —H 538 628 —H —Cl —H —H —H 542629 —H —CN —H —H —H 533 630 —Cl —Cl —H —H —H 576 631 —H —CF₃ —H —H —H576 632 —Cl —H —F —H —H 560 633 —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H —H 600 634 —OCH₃ —H —H—Cl —H 572 635 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 576 636 —H —OCF₃ —H —H —H 592 637 —Br —H—H —H —H 588 638 —H —H —OCF₃ —H —H 592 639 —OCF₃ —H —H —H —H 592 640 —H—H —CN —H —H 533 641 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 564 642 —H —H —CO₂CH₃ —H —H566 643 —H —Br —H —H —H 586 644 —CF₃ —H —H —H —H 576 645 —H —H

—H 574

TABLE 107

Ex. R⁵⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 646 —CH═CHC₆H₅(trans) 534 647 -2-PYRIDYL 509 648-3-PYRIDYL 509 649 -4-PYRIDYL 509 650 -2-FURYL 498 651 -2-THIENYL 514652 -3-FURYL 498 653 -3-THIENYL 514 654 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 528 655—(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ 536 656 —OC₆H₅ 524 657 —OCH₂C₆H₅ 538 658 —OC₄H₉ 504 659-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 514 660 -cyclo-C₃H₅ 472 661 -cyclo-C₄H₇ 486 662 —CH₂OC₆H₅538 663 —CH(C₂H₅)C₄H₉ 530 664 —N(C₂H₅)₂ 503 665 —(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 506 666—OCH₂CCH 486 667 —O(CH₂)₄Cl 538

TABLE 108

Ex. R⁵⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 668

556 669

572 670

557 671

543 672

577 673

543 674

515 675

577 676

516 677

558

TABLE 109

Ex. R⁵⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 678

547 679

548 680

564 681

558 682

554 683

574 684

542 685

538 686

572 687

552

TABLE 110

Ex. R⁵⁰¹ MS (M + 1) 688

560 689

598 690

560 691

517 692

537 693

515 694

501

TABLE 111

Ex. R⁶⁰¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 695 —CH₂C₆H₅ 5.67 (2H, s), 7.0-8.0 (10H,m), 8.45 (1H, dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.3 Hz), 8.60 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.80(1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 12.6 (1H, br s) 696 —C₂H₅ 1.29 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz),4.41 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.6-8.0 (6H, m), 8.38 (1H, dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2Hz), 8.56 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.74 (1H, s), 12.6 (1H, br s)

TABLE 112

Ex. R⁶¹¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 697 —CH₂C₆H₅ 5.67 (2H, s), 7.1-8.1 (10H,m), 8.55 (1H, dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.3 Hz), 8.65 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.81(1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 13.8 (1H, br s) 698 —C₂H₅ 1.30 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz),4.41 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.5-8.0 (6H, m), 8.38 (1H, dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2Hz), 8.55 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.79 (1H, s), 13.9 (1H, br s) 699

5.72 (2H, s), 7.1-8.0 (14H, m), 8.46 (1H, dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.3 Hz), 8.62(1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.82 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 13.5 (1H, br s)

TABLE 113

Ex. R⁶²¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 700 —CH₂C₆H₅ 3.1-3.7 (2H, m), 5.04 (1H,dd, J = 13.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz), 5.76 (2H, s), 7.1-7.45 (5H, m), 7.6-8.0 (2H,m), 8.3-8.6 (3H, m), 12.0 (1H, br s) 701 —C₂H₅ 1.27 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz),3.2-3.7 (2H, m), 4.39 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 5.09 (1H, dd, J = 13.8 Hz,4.8 Hz), 7.4-7.9 (4H, m), 8.25-8.6 (3H, m), 12.2 (1H, br s)

TABLE 114

Ex. R⁶³¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 702 —CH₂C₆H₅ 3.1-3.7 (2H, m), 5.16 (1H,dd, J = 13.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz), 5.63 (2H, s), 7.0-7.45 (5H, m), 7.6-8.0 (2H,m), 8.3-8.6 (3H, m), 13.2 (1H, br s) 703

3.1-3.7 (2H, m), 5.16 (1H, dd, J = 13.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz), 5.69 (2H, s),7.1-8.0 (13H, m), 8.4-8.7 (3H, m), 13.2 (1H, br s) 704 —C₂H₅ 1.27 (3H,t, J = 7.1 Hz), 3.2-3.7 (2H, m), 4.39 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 5.20 (1H, dd,J = 13.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz), 7.4-7.9 (4H, m), 8.35-8.6 (3H, m), 13.2 (1H, br s)

TABLE 115

MS Ex. R⁴⁸¹ R⁴⁸² R⁴⁸³ R⁴⁸⁴ R⁴⁸⁵ (M + 1) 705 —H —H —H —H —H 494 706 —H —H—OCH₃ —H —H 524 707 —H —OCH₃ —H —H —H 524 708 —H —H —CN —H —H 519 709 —H—H —N(C₂H₅)₂ —H —H 565 710 —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H —H 551 711 —Cl —H —H —H —H528 712 —H —Cl —H —H —H 528 713 —H —H —Cl —H —H 528 714 —F —H —H —H —H512 715 —CN —H —H —H —H 519 716 —CF₃ —H —H —H —H 562 717 —H —CF₃ —H —H—H 562 718 —H —CH₃ —H —H —H 508 719 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 562 720 —H —H —Br—H —H 574 721 —H —H —F —H —H 512 722 —CH₃ —H —H —H —H 508 723 —H —H—OC₄H₉ —H —H 566 724 —H —H —CO₂CH₃ —H —H 552 725 —H —F —H —H —H 512 726—H —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 537 727 —H —H —OCOCH₃ —H —H 552 728 —H —H —C₄H₉ —H—H 550 729 —H —H —SO₂CH₃ —H —H 572 730 —H —H —SC₂H₅ —H —H 554 731 —H —H—OCHF₂ —H —H 560 732 —H —H

—H —H 563

TABLE 116

Ex. R⁴⁸¹ R⁴⁸² R⁴⁸³ R⁴⁸⁴ R⁴⁸⁵ MS (M + 1) 733 —H —H —OC(CH₃)₃ —H —H 566734 —H —H —H —H —H 508 735 —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ 538 736 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H538 737 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 538 738 —H —H —H —H —Cl 542 739 —H —H —OC₄H₉—H —H 580

TABLE 117

Ex. R⁵¹¹ MS (M + 1) 740 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 500 741 —C₆H₁₃ 488 742-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 486 743

484 744

495 745

495 746

495 747

500 748

500 749

501 750

534 751

498

TABLE 118

Ex. R⁵¹¹ MS (M + 1) 752

497 753

484 754

573 755

563 756

529 757

488 758

532 759

504

TABLE 119

Ex. R⁴⁹¹ R⁴⁹² R⁴⁹³ R⁴⁹⁴ R⁴⁹⁵ MS (M + 1) 760 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 582 761 —H—H —Cl —H —H 586 762 —H —H —H —H —CH₃ 566 763 —H —H —F —H —H 570 764—OCH₃ —H —H —Cl —H 616 765 —H —H —H —H —CF₃ 620 766 —H —H —H —H —Cl 586767 —H —H —H —H —OCF₃ 636 768 —H —H —H —H —CO₂CH₃ 610 769 —CN —H —H —H—H 577 770 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H 582 771 —H —H —H —F —H 570 772 —H —H —H —H—F 570 773 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 620 774 —H —H —H —CF₃ —H 620 775 —H —H —OCF₃—H —H 636 776 —H —H —OCH₃ —OCH₃ —H 612 777 —OCH₃ —H —H —OCH₃ —H 612 778—H —H —H —CH₃ —H 566 779 —H —H —H —H —NO₂ 597 780 —H —H —H —NO₂ —H 597781 —H —H —Br —H —H 632 782 —H —H —H —Cl —H 586 783 —H —CH₃ —H —H —OCH₃596 784 —Cl —H —H —H —Cl 620 785 —H —H —H —OCF₃ —H 636 786 —H —H —H —Cl—Cl 620 787 —Cl —H —H —Cl —H 620 788 —H —H —Cl —H —Cl 620 789 —H —H —CH₃—NO₂ —H 611 790 —H —H —F —H —Cl 604 791 —H —CH₃ —Cl —H —Cl 634

TABLE 120

MS (M + Ex. R⁴⁹¹ R⁴⁹² R⁴⁹³ R⁴⁹⁴ R⁴⁹⁵ 1) 792 —CH₃ —H —H —NO₂ —H 611 793—Cl —H —H —NO₂ —H 631 794 —H —H —CN —H —Cl 611 795 —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃594 796 —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H —H 609 797 —H —H —NO₂ —H —H 597 798 —H —Cl —H—Cl —OH 636 799 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H 566 800 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —NO₂ 627 801 —H—H —Cl —Cl —H 620 802 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 608 803 —H —H —H —CO₂H —H 596804 —Br —H —H —Cl —H 666 805 —H —H —C₂H₅ —H —H 580 806 —H —CH₃ —H —H—CH₃ 580 807 —H —H —OC₄H₉ —H —H 624 808 —F —H —H —F —H 588 809 —H —H —H—CN —H 577 810 —CH₃ —H —Cl —H —Cl 634 811 —H —F —H —Cl —CH₃ 618 812 —H—H —Br —H —CH₃ 646 813 —H —H —H —Br —H 632 814 —H —H —CN —H —H 577 815—H —H —NHCOCH₃ —Cl —H 643 816 —H —H —F —H —F 588 817 —H —H —CH₃ —H —OCH₃596 818 —H —H —H —Cl —CH₃ 600 819 —F —H —H —H —F 588 820 —CH₃ —H —H —F—H 584 821 —CH₃ —H —Cl —CH₃ —H 614 822 —CH₃ —H —H —H —Cl 600 823 —H —H—CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H 594

TABLE 121

MS Ex. R⁴⁹¹ R⁴⁹² R⁴⁹³ R⁴⁹⁴ R⁴⁹⁵ (M + 1) 824 —H —H —F —Cl —H 604 825 —H—H —Br —H —F 650 826 —H —H —CH₃ —Cl —H 600 827 —H —H —F —F —H 588 828 —H—H —H —H —Br 632 829 —H —Cl —H —Cl —H 620 830 —H —H —(CH₂)₂CO₂CH₃ —H —H638 831 —CH₃ —H —OCH₃ —CH₃ —CH₃ 624 832 —H —H —OH —CO₂H —H 612 833 —H —H—CO₂H —H —H 596 834 —F —H —F —F —H 606 835 —H —H —H —H —H 552

TABLE 122

Ex. R⁵²¹ MS (M + 1) 836 -2-THIENYL 558 837 —C₄H₉ 532 838 —CH═CH₂ 502 839—(CH₂)₃Cl 552 840 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 572 841 —CH₂CF₃ 558 842 —CH₂C₆H₅ 566843 —CH═CHC₆H₅(trans) 578 844

603 845

556 846

610 847

592 848

623 849

604 850

571

TABLE 123

Ex. R⁵²¹ MS (M + 1) 851

626 852

626 853

638 854

630 855

616

TABLE 124

Ex. R¹ R² R⁴¹¹ M.p. (° C.) 856 —CH₃ —OCH₃ —H 254-255 857 —CH₃ —OCH₃—CH₂CO₂CH₃ 182-184 858 —CH₃ —OCH₃ —CH₂CO₂H 207-210 859 —CH₃ —OCH₃ —H141-145 860

—OCH₃ —H 247.9-251.8

TABLE 125

Ex. R⁶²¹ R⁶²² R⁶²³ R⁶²⁴ R⁶²⁵ MS (M + 1) 861 —H —H —Cl —H —H 443 862 —H—H —H —H —Cl 443 863 —H —H —H —CF₃ —H 477 864 —H —H —H —H —CH₃ 423 865—H —H —H —H —C₆H₅ 485 866 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 465 867 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H477 868 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H 423 869 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H 485 870 —H —H —H —H—OCH₃ 493 871 —H —H —H —F —H 427 872 —H —H —H —CH₃ —H 423 873 —H —H—OCF₃ —H —H 493 874 —H —H —H —Cl —H 443 875 —H —H —F —H —H 427 876 —H —H—H —OCH₃ —H 439 877 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 439 878 —H —H —CO₂CH₃ —H —H 467879 —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 501 880 —H —H —SCH₃ —H —H 465 881 —H —H —H —H —H409 882 —H —H —SO₂CH₃ —H —H 487 883 —H —H —H —OCF₃ —H 493 884 —H —H—OCH₂C₆H₅ —H —H 515 885 —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H 473 886 —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ 439887 —H —H —NHCOCH₃ —H —H 466

TABLE 126

Ex. R⁶³¹ MS (M + 1) 888 —CH₂C≡CH 357 889 —CH₂CH═CH₂ 359 890—CH₂CH═CHC₆H₅ 435 891 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ 423 892 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ 437 893 —CH₃ 333894 —C₂H₅ 347 895 —CH(CH₃)₂ 361 896 —C₄H₉ 375 897 —CH₂CH₂OH 363 898—C₆H₁₃ 403 899 —CH₃-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 415 900 —CH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 405 901

459 902

460 903

471 904

430 905

429 906

499

TABLE 127

Ex. R⁶³¹ MS (M + 1) 907

459 908

449 909

466 910

410 911

560 912

489

TABLE 128

Ex. R⁵³¹ R⁵³² R⁵³³ R⁵³⁴ R⁵³⁵ M.p. (° C.) 913 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H 164-168914 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 222-224 915 —H —H —H —H —C₆H₅ 193-199 916 —H —H—Cl —H —H 179.8- 183.8  917 —H —H —Br —H —H 191.3- 192.1  918 —H —H—OC₆H₅ —H —H 156.5- 158.5 

TABLE 129

Ex. R531 R532 R533 R534 R535 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm 919 —H —H —H —H —H2.45-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.85 (m, 2H), 3.13 (dd; J = 9.5, 14.4 Hz, 1H),3.38 (dd; J = 4.7, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (S, 3H), 4.92 (dd; J = 4.7, 9.5Hz, 1H), 5.19 (S, 2H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.6 Hz,1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J =7.5 Hz, 2H), 13.19 (brs, 1H) 920 —H —H —H —C₆H₅ —H 2.47-2.57.(m, 2H),2.80-2.88 (m, 2H), 3.15 (dd; J = 9.9, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd; J = 4.5,14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (S, 3H), 4.91 (dd; J = 4.5, 9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s,2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J =7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.57 (m, 8H), 13.22 (brs, 1H)

TABLE 130

Ex. R⁵³¹ R⁵³² R⁵³³ R⁵³⁴ R⁵³⁵ ¹H NMR (DHSO-d6) dppm 921 —H —H —H —H —H2.56 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.97 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.78 (3H, s), 5.21(2H, s), 7.0- 7.55 (7H, m), 7.69 (1H, s), 13.80 (1H, br s) 922 —H —H—C₆H₅ —H —H 2.58 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.00 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.81(3H, s), 5.24 (2H, s), 7.0- 7.6 (11H, m), 7.80 (1H, s), 13.85 (1H, br s)923 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 1.20 (9H, s), 2.54 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.96(2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.81 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, s), 7.00 (2H, d, J = 8.2Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (2H, d, J= 8.2 Hz), 769 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s)

TABLE 131

Ex. R⁵³¹ R⁵³² R⁵³³ R⁵³⁴ R⁵³⁵ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) dppm 924 —H —H —H —C₆H₅ —H2.57 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.00 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.79 (3H, s), 5.27(2H, s), 7.0- 7.55 (11H, m), 7.71 (1H, s), 13.7 (1H, br s) 925 —H —H —H—H —C₆H₅ 2.49 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.80 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.44 (3H,s), 5.20 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.05-7.5 (10H, m), 7.66 (1H,s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 926 —H —H —Cl —H —H 2.49-2.56 (2H, m), 2.84-3.08(2H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 5.14 (2H, s), 6.95-7.20 (4H, m), 7.20-7.33 (2H,m), 7.69 (1H, s), 13.79 (1H, brs). 927 —H —H —Br —H —H 2.51-2.62 (2H,m), 2.86-3.05 (2H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 5.11 (2H, s), 6.98-7.10 (3H, m),7.16 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.40 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.69 (1H, s), 13.79(1H, s). 928 —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H —H 2.42-2.61 (2H, m), 2.85-2.05 (2H, m),3.80 (3H, s), 5.17 (2H, s), 6.84 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.91 (2H, d, J =7.8 Hz), 7.05-7.17 (5H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.69 (1H, s), 13.76 (1H,brs).

TABLE 132

Ex. R¹ R⁶⁴¹ R² ¹H NMR dppm 929 —CH₃ —H —OCH₃ 2.43 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz),2.91 (2H, t, J =6.9 Hz), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.89 (3H, s), 7.17 (1H, d, J =8.8 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.68 (1H, s) 930 —H —H —OCH₃ 2.48(2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.00 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.95-7.2(2H, m),9.22 (1H, s), 13.77 (1H, br s) 931 —CH₃ —CH₃ —OCH₃ CDCl₃:2.5-2.6 (2H, m), 2.95-3.0 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.53 (3H, s), 3.93 (3H,s), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, s) 932—C₄H₉ —H —OCH₃ 0.81 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.1-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (2H,m), 2.44 (1H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.90 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.90 (3H, s),3.92 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 8.8Hz), 7.71 (1H,s), 13.81 (1H, br s) 933 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ —H —OCH₃ 1.65-1.8(2H, m), 2.35-2.5 (4H, m), 2.92 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.0-7.3 (7H, m),7.72 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 934 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ —H —OCH₃ 2.36 (2H, t, J =6.9 Hz), 2.59 (2H, t, J = 4.5 Hz), 2.73 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.96 (3H,s), 4.17 (2H, t, J = 4.5 Hz), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.1-7.2 (5H, m),7.64 (1H, s), 13.82 (1H, br s) 935 —C₂H₅ —H —OCH₃ 1.07 (3H, t, J = 7.0Hz), 2.42 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.92 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.86 (2H, q, J= 7.0 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 8.8Hz), 7.71 (1H, s), 12.82 (1H, br s) 936 —(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ —H —OCH₃ 2.47 (2H,t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.88 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 4.06 (2H, t, J =5.9 Hz), 4.29 (2H, t, J = 5.9 Hz), 6.77 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.88 (1H,t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.1-7.3 (4H, m), 7.68 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 937—CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —H —OCH₃ 0.75-1.57 (11H, m), 2.45 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz),2.92 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 3.95-4.00 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, d,J = 8.8 Hz),7.23 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.73 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s)

TABLE 133

Ex. R¹ R⁶⁴¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 938 —CH₂CH₂OCH₃ —H —OCH₃ 2.50 (2H,t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.89 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.10 (3H, s), 3.35 (2H, t, J =6.0 Hz), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.10 (2H, t, J = 6.0 Hz), 7.17 (2H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 7.24 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.71 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 939—CH(C₆H₅)₂ —H —OCH₃ 2.4-2.5 (2H, m), 2.8-2.95 (2H, m), 3.41 (3H, s),6.29 (2H, s), 6.95-7.35 (12H, m), 7.73 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 940—CH₂-cyclo-C₃H₅ —H —OCH₃ 0.05-0.10 (2H, m), 0.25-0.30 (2H, m), 0.75-0.80(1H, m), 2.46 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.93 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.85- 3.950(5H, m), 7.1-7.3 (2H, m), 7.73 (1H, s), 13.82 (1H, br s) 941 —C₆H₅ —H —H2.71-2.76 (2H, m), 3.13-3.18 (2H, m), 6.32 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.10(1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.19-7.27 (3H, m), 7.43-7.56 (3H, m), 7.83 (1H, s),13.85 (1H, brs). 942 —(CH₂)₄C₆H₅ —H —OCH₃ 1.35-1.50 (4H, m), 2.40-2.70(4H, m), 2.89 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.85-3.95 (2H, m),7.05-7.3 (7H, m), 7.71 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 943 —(CH₂)₅C₆H₅ —H —OCH₃1.05-1.15 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 2.35-2.70 (4H, m), 2.80 (2H, t, J =6.9 Hz), 3.85-4.0 (5H, m), 7.05-7.3 (7H, m), 7.69 (1H, s), 13.82 (1H, brs) DMSO-d6 is used for measuring NMR, unless otherwise specified.

TABLE 134

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR dppm 944

—OCH₃ 2.61 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.87 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.71 (3H, s),5.64 (2H, s), 7.0-8.05 (9H, m), 13.8 (1H, br s) 945

—OCH₃ 2.60 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.02 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.77 (3H, s),5.37 (2H, s), 6.95-7.85 (9H, m), 13.8 (1H, br s) 946

—OC₄H₉ 0.82 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.2- 1.35 (2H, m), 1.45-1.6 (2H, m),2.59 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.01 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.01 (2H, t, J = 6.4Hz), 5.21 (2H, s), 7.0- 7.65 (11H, m), 7.71 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 947

—OCH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ CDCl₃: 1.54 (9H, s), 2.68 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.98 (2H,t, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.46 (2H, s), 5.47 (2H, s), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),7.1- 7.6 (10H, m), 7.78 (1H, s), 9.25 (1H, br s) 948

—OH 2.57 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.97 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 5.35 (2H, s),6.8- 7.65 (11H, m), 7.69 (1H, s), 10.92 (1H, s), 13.8 (1H, br s) 949

—H 2.64-2.82 (2H, m), 3.07 (2H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 5.21 (2H, brs),7.00-7.13 (2H, m), 7.24-7.49 (6H, m), 7.54-7.70 (4H, m), 7.79 (1H, s),13.82 (1H, s). 950

—H 2.64-2.80 (2H, m), 2.97-3.12 (2H, m), 5.13 (2H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J =8.1. Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.11-7.35 (3H, m), 7.44-7.55 (2H,m), 7.78 (1H, s), 13.84 (1H, s). DMSO-d₆ is used for measuring NMR,unless otherwise specified.

TABLE 135

Ex. R1 R2 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) dppm 951

—H 2.20-2.37 (2H, m), 2.49-2.69 (2H, m), 4.83 (2H, s), 6.49-6.62 (2H,m), 6.68- 6.82 (1H, m), 6.87-7.05 (3H, m), 7.21 (1H, s), 7.25-7.49 (4H,m), 13.36 (1H, s). 952

—OCH₃ 2.58-2.61 (2H, m), 2.98-3.01 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 5.17 (2H, s),7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.53- 7.74 (5H, m),8.09-8.10 (1H, m), 8.35 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 13.79 (1H, brs) 953

—H 2.65-2.80 (2H, m), 2.99-3.12 (2H, m), 5.16 (2H, s), 7.03 (1H, d, J =8.1 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.20-7.40 (5H, m), 7.79 (1H, s),13.87 (1H, brs). 954

—H 2.24 (3H, s), 2.68-2.73 (2H, m), 3.01- 3.07 (2H, m), 5.12 (2H, s),7.02-7.18 (6H, m), 7.26 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.78 (1H, s), 13.86 (1H,brs). 955

—OCH₃ 2.61-2.66 (2H, m), 3.16-3.21 (2H, m), 3.64 (3H, s), 5.33 (2H, s),7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 7.50-7.561 (1H, m), 7.67-7.73 (1H, m), 7.78 (1H, s), 7.87- 7.93(2H, m), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 13.80 (1H, brs) 956

—OCH₃ 2.47-2.52 (2H, m), 2.88-2.93 (2H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.86 (3H, s),5.11 (2H, s), 6.38 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.06-7.22 (6H, m), 7.35-7.41(2H, m), 7.67 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 13.75 (1H, brs) 957

—H 2.70-2.76 (2H, m), 3.03-3.09 (2H, m), 5.21 (2H, s), 7.07-7.12 (2H,m), 7.32 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J1= 2.4 Hz, J2 = 8.3 Hz), 7.78 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 13.81(1H, brs)

TABLE 136

Ex. R¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 958 —CH₃ 4.02 (3H, s), 4.07 (3H, s), 6.77(1H, d, J = 9.8 Hz), 7.35-7.65 (2H, m), 8.07 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J =9.8 Hz), 959

3.66 (3H, s), 5.67 (2H, s), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 9.8 Hz), 7.04 (2H, d, J =8.5 Hz), 7.28-7.38 (2H, m), 7.40-7.52 (2H, m), 8.05 (1H, s). 8.22 (1H,d, J = 10.0 Hz),13.86 (1H, brs).

TABLE 137

Ex. R1 R651 R261 M.p. (° C.) 960 —CH₃ —H —CH₃ 204-209 961 —H —H —CH₃266(dec.) 962 —CH₃ —CH₃ —CH₃ 196-198 963 —C₂H₅ —H —CH₃ 200.5-201.5 964—CH(C₆H₅)₂ —H —CH₃ 233(dec.) 965 —(CH₂)₂CH(CH₃)₂ —H —CH₃ 139.5-141   966—C₃H₇ —H —CH₃ 59-83 967 —C₅H₁₁ —H —CH₃   143-145.5 968 —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —CH₃182-184 969 —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ —H —CH₃ 208-211

TABLE 138

Ex. R¹ R⁶⁵¹ R²⁶¹ M.p. (° C.) 970

—H —H 238 (dec.) 971

—H —CH₃ 133-136 972

—H —C₄H₉ 156-161 973

—H —CH₂CO₂H 128-135 974

—H —CH₃ 177-181

TABLE 139

Ex. R¹ R⁶⁵¹ ¹H NMR dppm 975 CH₃OCH₂O(CH₂)₃— —H CDCl₃: 1.9-2.0 (2H, m),2.63 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.75-3.05 (2H, m), 3.16 (1H, dd, J = 13.3 Hz,J = 4.0 Hz), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.60 (2H, t, J = 6.2 Hz), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m),4.0-4.2 (2H, m), 4.48 (1H, dd, J = 10.3 Hz, J = 4.0 Hz), 4.69 (3H, s),6.94 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz) , 7.5-9.0 (1H, m) 976HO(CH₂)₃— —H DMSO-d₆: 1.6-1.9 (2H, m), 2.7-3.0 (2H, m), 3.13 (1H, dd, J= 14.4 Hz, J = 4.0 Hz), 3.3-3.8 (5H, m), 3.91 (2H, t, J = 8.4 Hz), 4.55(1H, t, J = 5.0 Hz), 4.83 (1H, dd, J = 14.4 Hz, J = 4.0 Hz), 6.92 (1H,d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.0-7.5 (2H, m), 12.13 (1H, br s)

TABLE 140

Ex. R¹ R⁶⁵¹ R²⁶¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 977 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ —H —CH₃ 1.64-1.73(m, 2H), 2.32-2.42 (m, 4H), 2.74- 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.10 (dd; J = 9.8, 14.4Hz, 1H), 3.14 (dd; J = 4.6, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (S, 3H), 3.85-3.95 (m,2H), 4.93 (dd; J = 4.6, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d,J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H),7.23 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 13.22 (brs, 1H) 978 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ —H —CH₃2.22-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.63- 2.75 (m, 2H), 3.12 (dd; J =10.0, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dd; J = 4.5, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (S, 3H),4.10-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.83 (dd; J = 4.5, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 4H),7.12-7.25 (m, 3H), 13.25 (brs, 1H) 979 —C₄H₉ —H —CH₃ 0.79 (t; J = 7.2Hz, 3H), 1.13 (tt; J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (tt; J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 2H),2.34- 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.21 (dd; J = 9.5, 14.5 Hz, 1H),3.41 (dd; J = 4.7, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (S, 3H), 3.93 (t; J = 7.2 Hz, 2H),4.94 (dd; J = 4.7, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d; J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d; J =8.8 Hz, 1H), 13.20 (brs, 1H) 980 —CH₂-cyclo-C₃H₅ —H —CH₃ 0-0.07 (m, 2H),0.20-0.26 (m, 2H), 0.73- 0.84 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.85 (m,2H), 3.18 (dd; J = 9.1, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (dd; J = 4.7, 14.5 Hz, 1H),3.81 (S, 3H), 3.84- 3.90 (m, 2H), 4.95 (dd; J = 4.7, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94(d; J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d; J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 13.19 (brs, 1H) 981—(CH₂)₂OC₆H₅ —H —CH₃ 2.39-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.14 (dd; J =10.0, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd; J = 4.5, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (S, 3H),4.00-4.07 (m, 2H), 4.20- 4.30 (m, 2H), 4.88 (dd; J = 4.5, 10.0 Hz, 1H),6.79 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.7 Hz,1H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 13.23 (brs, 1H)

TABLE 141

Ex. R¹ R⁶⁵¹ R²⁶¹ ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 982 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —H —CH₃0.71-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.94-1.07 (m, 3H), 1.20- 1.27 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.45 (m,2H), 1.45- 1.59 (m, 3H), 2.34-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.70- 2.80 (m, 2H), 3.19(dd; J = 9.2, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.41 (dd; J = 4.9, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (S,3H), 3.88-3.99 (m, 2H), 4.95 (dd; J = 4.9, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.6Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 13.18 (brs, 1H) 983 —CH₂CH₂OCH₃ —H—CH₃ 2.34-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.79 (m, 2H), 3.08 (S, 3H), 3.17 (dd; J =9.6, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.25-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.41 (dd; J = 4.6, 14.5 Hz, 1H),3.80 (S, 3H), 4.03-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.93 (dd; J = 4.6, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.95(d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 13.21 (brs, 1H) 984—(CH₂)₄C₆H₅ —H —CH₃ 1.38-1.45 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.43- 2.53 (m,2H), 2.69-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.16 (dd; J = 9.7, 14.6 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd; J =4.6, 14.6 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (S, 3H), 3.88-3.96 (m, 2H), 4.93 (dd; J = 4.6,9.7 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10(d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H),13.20 (brs, 1H) 985 —(CH₂)₅C₆H₅ —H —CH₃ 1.05-1.16 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.51 (m,4H), 2.31- 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.64- 2.72 (m, 2H), 3.14(dd; J = 9.7, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd; J = 4.6, 14.5 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (S,3H), 3.87-3.96 (m, 2H), 4.91 (dd; J = 4.6, 9.7 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.6Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 13.22 (brs, 1H)

TABLE 142

Ex. R¹ R²⁶¹ ¹H NMR dppm 986

—CH₃ 2.83-2.89 (2H, m), 3.20-3.10 (1H, m), 3.36-3.42 (2H, m), DMSOoverlap (1H), 3.66 (3H, s), 4.93 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.5 Hz, J2 = 9.5 Hz),5.15 (2H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.54-7.57 (1H, m), 7.61-7.77 (3H, m), 8.11-8.13 (1H, m), 8.36 (1H, d, J = 1.8Hz), 13.19 (1H, brs) 987

—CH₃ 2.84-2.78 (2H, m), 3.15-3.21 (2H, m), DMSO overlap (3H, s), 3.72(3H, s), 4.90-4.94 (1H, m), 5.01 (2H, s), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz),6.88-6.93 (2H, m), 7.36-7.39 (3H, m), 7.50-7.53 (3H, m), 7.85 (1H, s),13.20 (1H, brs) 988

—CH₃ 2.55-2.60 (2H, m), 3.05-3.10 (2H, m), 3.13-3.48 (2H, m), 3.53 (3H,s), 4.93- 4.99 (1H, m), 5.31 (2H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.93(1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.50-7.56 (1H, m),7.66-7.72 (1H, m), 7.88-7.95 (2H, m), 8.22 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 12.77(1H, brs) 989

—CH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ CDCl₃: 1.52 (s, 9H), 2.6-2.7 (m, 2H), 2.7-2.95 (m, 2H),3.1-3.2 (m, 1H), 3.35- 3.5 (m, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.45-4.55 (m, 1H),5.4-5.55 (m, 1H), 6.57 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.86 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz),7.1- 7.6 (m, 9H), 8.96 (br s) DMSO-d₆ is used for measuring NMR, unlessotherwise specified.

TABLE 143

Ex. R⁵⁴⁰ M.p. (° C.) 990 —C₆H₅ 186.8-188.0 991 —Br 229.6-230.4 992 —Cl214.6-215.7 993 —CH₃ 188.7-189.5

TABLE 144

Ex. R⁵⁴⁰ M.p. (° C.) 994 —Br 204.5-205.7 995 —C₆H₅ 186.3-187.1

TABLE 145

Ex. R¹ R² M.p. (° C.) 996

—H 204.1-205.9 997 —C₆H₅ —H 223.6-225.4 998 —CH₂CH═CH₂ —OCH₃ 156.5-158.5999 —C₈H₁₇ —OCH₃ 114.0-114.5

TABLE 146

Ex. R¹ M.p. (° C.) 1000

249.5-250.2 1001 —(CH₂)₂CH(CH₃)₂ 198.5-200.5

TABLE 147

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1002

—H 1.40-1.48 (2H, m), 1.52-1.60 (4H, m), 2.64-2.74 (6H, m), 2.99-3.05(2H, m), 3.76 (2H, s), 5.16 (2H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.14-7.33(6H, m), 7.66 (1H, s) 1003

—H 1.23-1.29 (2H, m), 1.51-1.57 (4H, m), 2.57-2.61 (4H, m), 2.68-2.74(2H, m), 3.00-3.06 (2H, m), 3.79 (2H, s), 5.19 (2H, s), 6.93 (1H, d, J =7.6 Hz), 7.12-7.23 (5H, m), 7.30-7.33 (1H, m), 7.69 (1H, s) 1004

—H 1.36-1.44 (2H, m), 1.49-1.57 (4H, m), 2.57-2.64 (4H, m), 2.67-2.73(2H, m), 3.00-3.06 (2H, m), 3.84 (2H, s), 5.21 (2H, s), 6.90 (1H, d, J =7.4 Hz), 7.14-7.21 (3H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.68 (1H, s), 7.74(1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz) 1005

—H 2.60-2.77 (2H, m), 2.97-3.07 (2H, m), 4.30 (2H, s), 5.16 (2H, s),6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.04-7.36 (8H, m),7.65 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.92 (1H, s), 12.19 (1H, brs) 1006

—OCH₃ 2.57-2.62 (2H, m), 2.98-3.02 (2H, m), 3.76 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, s),7.08 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 7.3Hz), 7.49 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.0 Hz, J2 = 8.3 Hz),7.71-7.78 (4H, m), 7.86 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.13 (2H, d,J = 8.3 Hz), 8.46-8.47 (1H, m), 12.58 (1H, brs) 1007

—OCH₃ 2.47-2.52 (2H, m), 2.88-2.93 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 5.13 (2H, s),6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.84 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.8Hz), 7.15-7.29 (4H, m), 7.57-7.61 (2H, m), 7.83 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J= 2.1 Hz), 8.91 (1H, s), 12.55 (1H, brs) 1008

—OCH₃ 2.58-2.63 (2H, m), 2.98-3.04 (2H, m), 3.61 (3H, s), 5.13 (2H, s),7.08 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.78-7.84 (2H, m),7.86 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 12.54 (1H, brs) 1009

—OCH₃ 2.53-2.57 (2H, m), 2.92-2.96 (2H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 5.15 (2H, s),6.83 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.1 Hz, J2 = 8.5 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.17(1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.2 Hz, J2 = 8.5 Hz), 7.56-7.63(3H, m), 7.83 (1H, s), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.16-8.18 (1H, m), 9.59(1H, s), 12.58 (1H, brs)

TABLE 148

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1010

—OCH₃ 2.50-2.55 (2H, m), 2.88-2.93 (2H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 5.11 (2H, s),7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.84(1H, s), 12.51 (1H, brs) 1011

—OCH₃ 2.51-2.56 (2H, m), 2.87-2.92 (2H, m), ), 3.93 (3H, s), 5.36 (2H,s), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.44-7.47 (3H,m), 7.69 (1H, s), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.83-7.87 (2H, m) 1012

—OCH₃ 2.48-2.53 (2H, m), 2.86-2.91 (2H, m), 3.93 (3H, s), 5.33 (2H, s),7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J1 =1.2 Hz, J2 = 5.0 Hz), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.9 Hz, J2 = 5.0Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.2 Hz, J2 = 2.9 Hz), 12.54 (1H,brs) 1013

—OCH₃ 2.52-2.57 (2H, m), 2.89-2.94 (2H, m), 3.93 (3H, s), 5.34 (2H, s),7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, dd, J1 =4.8 Hz, J2 = 8.0 Hz), 7.79 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.19-8.23 (1H, m),8.62 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.3 Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz), 9.05 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 12.54(1H, brs)

TABLE 149

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm 1014

—H 2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 2.99 (3H, s), 3.04-3.10 (2H, m), 4.49 (2H, s),5.16 (2H, s), 6.67-6.74 (3H, m), 6.95 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.5 Hz, J2 = 7.5Hz), 7.12-7.21 (8H, m), 7.96 (1H, s) 1015

—H 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 3.03-3.09 (2H, m), 4.07 (2H, s), 5.14 (2H, s),6.87 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.3 Hz, J2 = 6.9 Hz), 7.04-7.10 (2H, m), 7.13-7.25(9H, m), , 7.98 (1H, s) 1016

—H 2.77-2.83 (2H, m), 2.92-2.99 (2H, m), 3.05-3.12 (2H, m), 3.25-3.32(2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.48 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 6.66 (1H,t, J = 7.1 Hz), 6.94-7.01 (1H, m), 7.07 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.15-7.33(7H, m), 7.97 (1H, s)

TABLE 150

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1917

—H 1.44-1.52 (2H, m), 1.61-1.69 (4H, m), 2.69-2.75 (2H, m), 2.90-2.96(4H, m), 3.02-3.08 (2H, m), 4.07 (2H, s), 5.19 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J =8.0 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.14-7.31 (4H, m), 7.37-7.40 (2H, m)1018

—H 1.41-1.47 (2H, m), 1.57-1.63 (4H, m), 2.28-2.32 (4H, m), 2.70-2.74(2H, m), 3.03-3.09 (2H, m), 4.08 (2H, s), 5.21 (2H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J =8.1 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.14-7.25 (3H, m), 7.28-7.43 (3H, m)1019

—H 2.68-2.74 (2H, m), 3.02-3.08 (2H, m), 4.19 (2H, s), 5.13 (2H, s),7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.13-7.19 (3H, m),7.24-7.29 (7H, m), , 7.78 (1H, s), 13.89 (1H, brs) 1020

—OCH₃ 2.48-2.52 (2H, m), 3.29-3.03 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 5.17 (2H, s),7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.50-7.55 (1H, m),7.59 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.2 Hz, J2 = 8.5 Hz), 7.69 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, d, J =8.5 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.30 (1H, dt, J1 = 2.0 Hz, J2 = 8.0Hz), 8.73 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.6 Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz), 9.08 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz),10.98 (1H, s), 13.69 (1H, brs) 1021

—OCH₃ 2.57-2.63 (2H, m), 3.00-3.05 (2H, m), 3.60 (3H, s), 5.12 (2H, s),7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.48 (1H, s),7.77-7.85 (2H, m), 8.60 (1H, s), 11.98 (1H, brs) 1022

—OCH₃ 2.47-2.52 (2H, m), 2.92-3.07 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.12 (2H, s),6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.84 (1H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.05-7.29 (5H, m),7.58 (2H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.66 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.92(1H, s), 13.76 (1H, brs) 1023

—OCH₃ 2.57-2.61 (2H, m), 2.99-3.05 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, s),7.09 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 7.2Hz), 7.46- 7.52 (2H, m), 7.61-7.65 (1H, m), 7.71-7.79 (5H, m). 7.90 (1H,d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.13 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.46-8.47 (1H, m), 13.81 (1H,brs)

TABLE 151

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1024

—H 1.40-1.48 (2H, m), 1.56-1.64 (4H, m), 2.68-2.74 (2H, m), 2.90-2.98(4H, m), 3.04-3.09 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 5.27 (2H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J =7.8 Hz), 7.09-7.39 (4H, m), 7.42 (1H, s), 7.83 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz) 1025

—OCH₃ 2.46-2.52 (2H, m), 2.91-97 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 5.11 (2H, s),7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.69(1H, s), 13.76 (1H, brs) 1026

—OCH₃ 2.51-2.57 (2H, m), 2.90-2.96 (2H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 5.36 (2H, s),7.19 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.44-7.47 (3H, m),7.68 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.83-7.86 (2H, m), 13.81 (1H, brs) 1027

—OCH₃ 2.45-2.50 (2H, m), 2.89-2.94 (2H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 5.33 (2H, s),7.16-7.24 (2H, m), 7.49 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 5.0 Hz), 7.61 (1H,s), 7.64-7.66 (1H, m), 7.67 (1H, s), 8.03-8.04 (1H, m), 13.80 (1H, brs)1028

—OCH₃ 2.47-2.52 (2H, m), 2.89-2.94 (2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 5.34 (2H, s),7.17-7.25 (2H, m), 7.49 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.9 Hz, J2 = 8.0 Hz), 7.65 (1H,s), 7.79 (1H, s), 8.19-8.23 (1H, m), 8.61-8.63 (1H, m), 9.04-9.05 (1H,m), 13.80 (1H, brs)

TABLE 152

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm 1029

—H 2.77-2.83 (2H, m), 2.94 (3H, s), 3.07-3.13 (2H, m), 4.49 (2H, s),5.17 (2H, s), 6.50-6.74 (3H, m), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.08-7.68(8H, m), 7.86 (1H, s), 9.65 (1H, brs) 1030

—H 2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 3.05-3.11 (2H, m), 4.07 (2H, s), 5.14 (2H, s),6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.04-7.13 (3H, m), 7.14-7.33 (8H, m), 7.85(1H, s), 9.41 (1H, brs) 1031

—H 2.21 (3H, s), 2.33 (3H, s), 2.75-2.81 (2H, m), 3.07- 3.13 (2H, m),3.78 (3H, s), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, 7.08 (1H, d J = 7.8Hz), 7.16-7.28 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s)

TABLE 153

Ex. R¹ R² M.p.(° C.) 1032 —(CH₂)₃CF₃ —OCH₃ 169-170 1033 —(CH₂)₄F —OCH₃136-138 1034

—H 153-157 1035

—H 114-115 1036

—OCH₃ 170-171 1037

—OCH₃ 227-229 1038

—OCH₃ 269-272 1039

—H 113-114 1040

—OCH₃ 185-188

TABLE 154

M.p. Ex. R¹ R² (° C.) 1041

—H 221- 227 1042

—H 220 (dec.) 1043

—H 177 (dec.) 1044

—H 103- 112

TABLE 155

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm 1045 —(CH₂)₃OSi(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)₃ —H 0.08 (6H,s), 0.91 (9H, s), 1.85-2.0 (2H, m), 2.55-2.75 (2H, m), 2.75-3.05 (2H,m), 3.13 (1H, dd, J = 10.6 Hz, J2 = 12.2 Hz), 3.6-3.8 (3H, m), 3.95-4.1(2H, m), 4.47 (1H, dd, J = 3.8 Hz, J2 = 12.2 Hz), 6.9-7.0 (1H, m),7.1-7.3 (2H, m) 1046 —(CH₂)₃OH —H 1.5-2.0 (4H, m), 2.6-2.7 (2H, m),2.8-3.1 (2H, m), 3.16 (1H, dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J2 = 14.5 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (2H,m), 3.67 (1H, dd, J = 3.9 Hz, J2 = 14.5 Hz), 4.05-4.15 (2H, m), 4.47(1H, dd, J = 3.9 Hz, J2 = 10.5 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H,d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.1-7.2 (1H, m) 1047 —CH₂CO₂C(CH₃)₃ —OCH₃ 1.43 (9H, s),2.5-2.65 (2H, m), 2.8-3.05 (2H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J1 = 10.3 Hz, J2 =14.5 Hz), 3.61 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.0 Hz, J2 = 14.5 Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.44(1H, dd, J1 = 4.0 Hz, J2 = 10.3 Hz), 4.55-4.65 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J =8.5 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 1048

—H 2.74-2.79 (2H, m), 2.88-3.04 (5H, m), 3.15 (1H, dd, J1 = 10.4 Hz, J2= 14.5 Hz), 3.68 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.9 Hz, J2 = 14.5 Hz), 4.42-4.51 (3H, m),5.06-5.22 (2H, m), 6.70-6.74 (3H, m), 6.84-6.91 (2H, m), 7.06-7.23 (7H,m), 8.05 (1H, brs)

TABLE 156

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1049

—H 2.0-2.2 (2H, m), 2.28 (3H, s), 2.55-3.25 (5H, m), 3.68 (1H, dd, J1 =3.7 Hz, J2 = 14.4 Hz), 4.02 (2H, t, J = 5.9 Hz), 4.14 (2H, t, J = 7.0Hz), 4.46 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.7 Hz, J2 = 10.5 Hz). 6.92 (2H, d, J = 7.5 Hz),7.08 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.05-7.4 (4H, m) 1050

—H 1.6-1.9 (2H, m), 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.75-3.25 (5H, m), 3.50 (1H, dd, J= 4.0 Hz, J2 = 14.3 Hz), 3.9-4.1 (2H, m), 4.82 (1H, dd, J = 4.0 Hz, J2 =10.8 Hz), 6.9-7.05 (2H, m), 7.1-7.3 (1H, m), 7.35-7.5 (4H, m), 12.13(1H, br s) 1051

—H 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.75-4.1 (2H, m),4.64 (1H, dd, J = 3.1 Hz, J2 = 10.3 Hz), 6.91(1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz),7.0-7.35 (7H, m) 1052

—H 1.75-2.1 (3H, m), 2.4-3.6 (16H, m), 3.9-4.05 (2H, m), 4.83 (1H, dd,J1 = 4.0 Hz, J2 = 9.9 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.1-7.3 (7H, m),9.79 (1H, br s), 12.13 (1H, br s) 1053

—H 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.4-4.0 (18H, m), 4.85 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.9 Hz, J2 =9.8 Hz), 6.8-7.4 (8H, m), 0.3 (1H, br s), 12.15 (1H, s) 1054

—H 1.9-5.2 (19H, m), 6.9-7.8 (7H, m), 10.6-11.0 (1H, m), 12.1-12.6 (1H,m) 1055

—H 0.03 (9H, s), 0.98 (2H, t, J = 8.4 Hz), 1.1- 1.4 (3H, m), 1.7-2.0(3H, m), 2.6-3.3 (7H, m), 3.65 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.8 Hz, J2 = 14.4 Hz),3.8-4.3 (6H, m), 4.49 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.8 Hz, J2 = 10.2 Hz), 6.9-7.05 (2H,m), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz) 1056

—H 1.2-1.45 (2H, m), 1.6-2.0 (3H, m), 2.6-4.2 (13H, m), 6.91 (1H, d, J =7.6 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz) 1057

—H 0.75-0.95 (1H, m), 1.15-1.4 (3H, m), 1.5- 1.85 (3H, m), 2.17 (3H, s),2.3-3.65 (8H, m), 3.8-4.0 (2H, m), 4.75-4.95 (1H, m), 6.78 (2H, d, J =8.7 Hz), 6.8-7.0 (3H, m), 6.8-7.0 (3H, m), 7.1-7.3 (2H, m), 12.11 (1H,br s) 1058

—H 0.8-0.95 (1H, m), 1.1-1.7 (6H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 2.3-4.1 (10H, m),4.75-4.95 (1H, m),78 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.8-7.7 (1H, m), 12.11 (1H, brs)

TABLE 157

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1059

—OCH₃ 2.46-2.51 (2H, m), 2.80-2.84 (2H, m), 3.00- 3.10 (1H, m),3.39-3.49 (1H, m), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.77 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.2 Hz, J2 = 10.0Hz), 5.14 (2H, s), 5.19 (2H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d,J = 8.6 Hz), 6.96 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.28 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.36-7.42 (2H, m), 7.47-7.56 (2H, m), 9.73 (1H, s), 12.07 (1H, s) 1060

—H 1.28-1.58 (6H, m), 2.26-2.46 (4H, m), 2.64- 2.70 (2H, m), 2.96-3.03(2H, m), 3.04-3.13 (1H, m), 3.31-3.40 (1H, m), 3.46 (2H, s), 4.74 (1H,dd, J1 = 3.8 Hz, J2 = 10.2 Hz), 5.11 (2H, d, J = 4.5 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J= 7.9 Hz), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.08 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.15 (2H,d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.23 (2H, d, J = 7.8 Hz) 1061

—H 1.35-1.71 (6H, m), 2.40-2.44 (4H, m), 2.65- 2.73 (2H, m), 2.92-3.00(2H, m), 3.07-3.17 (1H, m), 3.39-3.49 (1H, m), 3.57 (2H, s), 4.77-4.83(1H, m), 5.07-5.22 (2H, m), 6.81- 6.89 (2H, m), 7.03-7.30 (5H, m) 1062

—H 2.64--2.70 (2H, m), 2.93-2.99 (2H, m), 3.10- 3.20 (1H, m), 3.53 (1H,dd, J1 = 3.7 Hz, J2 = 14.3 Hz), 4.18 (2H, s), 4.84 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.7 Hz,J2 = 10.0 Hz), 5.01 -5.16 (2H, m), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.89 (1H,d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.03-7.43 (10H, m), 12.16 (1H, brs) 1063

—OCH₃ 2.47-2.51 (2H, m), 2.77-2.81 (2H, m), 3.03- 3.10 (1H, m),3.39-3.46 (1H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 4.79 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.3 Hz, J2 = 10.0Hz), 5.12 (2H, s), 6.99 (2H, s), 7.52 (1H, s), 12.10 (1H, brs) 1064

—OCH₃ 2.36-2.57 (2H, m), 2.71-2.86 (2H, m), 3.01- 3.17 (1H, m),3.45-3.51 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.77 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.l Hz, J2 = 10.0Hz), 5.32 (2H, s), 6.97 (2H, s), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 7.58 (1H, s),7.63-7.67 (1H, m), 8.02 (1H, d, J = 2.l Hz), 12.09 (1H, brs) 1065

—OCH₃ 2.50-2.66 (2H, m), 2.73-2.89 (2H, m), 3.01- 3.17 (1H, m),3.35-3.51 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.78 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.2 Hz, J2 = 9.9Hz), 5.34 (2H, s), 6.98 (2H, s), 7.48 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.l Hz, J2 = 7.8Hz), 7.76 (IH, s), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 8.62 (1H, d, J = 4.1 Hz),9.04 (1H, s), 12.06 (1H, brs)

TABLE 158

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1066

—OCH₃ 2.48-2.52 (2H, m), 2.79-2.83 (2H, m), 3.00-3.10 (1H, m), 3.34-3.44(1H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.77 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.l Hz, J2 = 10.2 Hz), 5.12(2H, s), 6.79-6.85 (2H, m), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J1 =2.l Hz, J2 = 8.6 Hz), 7.54-7.62 (3H, m), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz),8.14-8.18 (1H, m), 9.55 (1H, s), 12.09 (1H, brs) 1067

—H 1.37-1.52 (6H, m), 2.42-2.46 (4H, m), 2.64-2.71 (2H, m), 2.81 -2.95(2H, m), 3.17 (2H, s), 3.34-3.42 (1H, m), 3.50- 3.56 (1H, m), 4.75-4.80(1H, m), 5.07- 523 (2H, m), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J =7.9 Hz), 7.01-7.10 (2H, m), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.69 (1H, t, J =7.6 Hz) 1068

—H 2.64 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz), 2.98 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz), 3.04 (3H, s),3.15 (1H, dd, J1 = 10.3 Hz, J2 = 14.3 Hz), 3.53 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.0 Hz, J2= 14.3 Hz), 4.59 (2H, s), 4.84 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.0 Hz, J2 = 10.3 Hz),5.08-5.23 (2H, m), 6.59 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.66 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz),6.83 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.99-7.14 (5H, m),7.61 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 12.15 (1H, brs)

TABLE 159

Ex. R¹ R² M.p.(° C.) 1069 —(CH₂)₃CF₃ —OCH₃ 186-193 1070 —(CH₂)₄F —OCH₃181-183 1071

—H 91-96 1072

—OCH₃ 241 -245 1073

—H 146-149 1074

—OCH₃ 206-208 1075

—OCH₃ 108-113

TABLE 160

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1076

—H 1.7-1.95 (2H, m), 2.3-3.6 (8H, m), 3.95-4.1 (2H, m), 4.9-5.1 (lH, m),6.8-7.5 (7H, m), 13.25 (1H, br s) 1077

—H 1.15-1.45 (2H, m), 1.5-2.0 (5H, m), 2.75-3.05 (5H, m), 3.9-4.05 (2H,m), 4.4-4.5 (1H, m), .91 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz),7.1-7.4 (6H, m) 1078

—H 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.4-4.1 (18H, m). 4.98 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.3 Hz, J2 =9.8 Hz), 6.75-7.3 (8H, m), 10.12 1H, br s), 13.28 (1H, br s) 1079

—H 1.1-1.7 (3H, m), 2.0-2.2 (2H, m), 2.4-4.6 (13H, m), 4.95-5.05 (1H,m), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.0-7.3 (6H, m), 10.75 (1H, br s), 13.28(1H, br s) 1080

—OCH₃ 2.47-2.51 (2H, m), 2.76-2.80 (2H, m), 3.04- 3.14 (1H, m),3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.85 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.5 Hz, J2 = 10.0Hz), 5.12 (2H, s), 6.97 (2H, s), 7.43-7.46 (3H, m), 7.67 (1H, s),7.82-7.86 (2H, m), 13.16 (1H, brs) 1081

—OCH₃ 2.44-2.48 (2H, m), 2.82-2.86 (2H, m), 3.08- 3.18 (1H, m),3.33-3.43 (1H, m), 3.69 (3H, s), 4.90 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.5 Hz, J2 = 9.5Hz), 5.14 (2H, s), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.50-5.55 (2H, m), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz),8.28-8.33 (1H, m), 8.73 (1H, dd, J1 = 1.5 Hz, J2 = 4.5 Hz), 9.09 (1H, d,J = 1.9 Hz), 10.98 (1H, s), 13.20 (1H, s) 1082

—OCH₃ 2.69-2.73 (2H, m), 2.91-2.87 (2H, m), 3.07- 3.22 (1H, m),3.39-3.50 (1H, m), 3.53 (3H, s), 4.94 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.5 Hz, J2 = 9.5Hz), 5.12 (2H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz),7.78 (2H, dd, J1 = 1.0 Hz, J2 = 3.8 Hz), 8.58 (1H, s), 13.22 (1H, brs)1083

—OCH₃ 2.52-2.56 (2H, mn), 2.86-2.90 (2H, in), 3.12- 3.22 (1H, m),3.35-3.44 (1H, m). 3.66 (3H, s), 4.94 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.5 Hz, J2 = 9.4Hz), 5.18 (2H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),7.36-7.52 (3H, m), 7.65 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.4 Hz, J2 = 8.0 Hz), 7.73-7.81(4H, m), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.13 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.48 (1H,d, J = 2.4 Hz), 13.21 (1H, brs)

TABLE 161

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) dppm 1084

—H 1.38-1.52 (6H, m), 2.65-2.75 (6H, m), 2.96-3.04 (3H, m), 3.46-3.51(1H, m), 3.93 (2H, s), 4.61-4.67 (1H, m), 5.10-5.26 (2H, m), 6.78 (1H,d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.05 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.14(1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.75 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz)1085

—H 1.30-1.66 (6H, m), 2.57-2.61 (4H, m), 2.64-2.70 (2H, m), 2.93-2.99(2H, m), 3.03-3.48 (2H, m), 3.77 (2H, s), 4.58-4.62 (1H, m), 5.07-5.23(2H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.05 (1H,t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.16-7.35 (4H, m) 1086

—H 1.32-1.42 (2H, m), 1.43-1.47 (4H, m), 2.24-2.35 (4H, m), 2.63-2.70(2H, m), J1 = 10.4 Hz, J2 = 14.4 Hz), 3.43 (2H, s), 3.51 (1H, dd, JI =4.0 Hz, J2 = 14.4 Hz), 4.71 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.0 Hz, J2 = 10.4 Hz),5.08-5.19 (2H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz),7.04-7.14 (4H, m), 7.24 (1H, t) 1087

—H 2.54-2.60 (2H, m), 2.85-2.92 (5H, m), 3.19 (1H, dd, J1 = 9.9 Hz, J2 =14.5 Hz), 3.44-3.52 (1H, m), 4.50 (2H, s), 4.95 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.3 Hz, J2= 9.9 Hz), 5.08-5.23 (2H, m), 6.58-6.64 (3H, m), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.2Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.95- 7.26 (7H, m), 13.30 (1H, brs)

TABLE 162

Ex. R¹ R² ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) dppm 1088

—OCH₃ 2.57-2.67 (2H, m), 2.77-2.87 (2H, m), 3.13 (1H, dd, J1 = 10.0 Hz,J2 = 14.7 Hz), 3.44- 3.56 (1H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.49 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.lHz, J2 = 10.0 Hz), 5.47 (2H, s), 6.82 (7.36 (1H, dd, J1 = 4.8 Hz, J2 =8.0 Hz), 7.66 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, ddd, J1 = 1.7 Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz), 8.62(1H, dd, J1 = l.7 Hz, J2 = 4.8 Hz), 9.09 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz) 1089

—H 2.74-2.80 (2H, m), 2.94-3.09 (2H, m), 3.18 (lH, dd, J1 = 10.6 Hz, J2= 14.5 Hz), 3.67 (lH, dd, J1 = 3.9 Hz, J2 = 14.5 Hz), 4.08 (2H, s), 4.55(1H, dd, J1 = 3.9 Hz, J2 = 10.6 Hz), 5.06-5.22 (2H, m), 6.81-6.90 (2H,m), 7.06-7.30 (10H, m), 9.09 (1H, brs) 1090

—H 2.75-2.80 (2H, m), 2.87-3.09 (5H, m), 3.16 (1H, dd, J1 = 10.7 Hz, J2= 14.4 Hz), 3.65 (1H, dd, J1 = 3.8 Hz, J2 = 14.4 Hz), 4.46-4.57 (3H, m),5.07-5.23 (2H, m), 6.67-6.73 (3H, m), 6.84- 6.90 (2H, m), 7.05-7.26 (7H,m), 9.73 (1H, brs)

TABLE 163

MS (M + Ex. R⁹¹¹ R⁹¹² R⁹¹³ R⁹¹⁴ R⁹¹⁵ 1) 1091 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 441 1092—H —H —H —H —H 411 1093 —Cl —H —H —H —H 445 1094 —H —Cl —H —H —H 4451095 —H —H —Cl —H —H 445 1096 —Cl —Cl —H —H —H 479 1097 —H —Cl —Cl —H —H479 1098 —H —F —F —H —H 447 1099 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 479 1100 —H —H —C₃H₇—H —H 453 1101 —H —F —Cl —H —H 463 1102 —OCH₃ —H —CH₂CH═CH₂ —H —H 4811103 —Cl —H —OCH₃ —H —H 475 1104 —H —H -cyclo-C₅H₉ —H —H 479 1105 —H —H—NO₂ —H —H 456 1106 —CH₃ —CH₃ —H —H —H 439 1107 —H —H —C₆H₅ —H —H 487

TABLE 164

Ex. R⁹²¹ MS(M + 1) 1108

461 1109

461 1110

482 1111

462 1112

426 1113

462 1114

412

TABLE 165

Ex. R⁹³⁶ R⁹³¹ R⁹³² R⁹³³ R⁹³⁴ R⁹³⁵ MS(M + 1) 1115 —H —H —H —H —SCH₃ —H486 1116 —H —H —H —OCF₃ —H —H 524 1117 —H —H —H —C₄H₉ —H —H 496 1118 —H—H —H —Cl —H —H 474 1119 —H —H —H —Cl —H —Cl 474 1120 —H —H —H —H —Cl —H474 1121 —H —H —H —H —H —C₆H₅ 516 1122 —H —H —H —H —H —F 458 1123 —H —H—H —H —F —H 458 1124 —H —H —H —F —H —H 458 1125 —H —H —H —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H483 1126 —H —CN —H —H —H —H 465 1127 —CH₃ —H —H —H —CH₃ —H 468 1128 —H—H —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ 532 1129 —H —H —H —H —OC₆H₅ —H 532 1130 —H —H —H—OC₆H₅ —H —H 532 1131 —H —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 508 1132 —H —H —H —CH₃ —CH₃ —H468 1133 —H —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —H 468 1134 —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃ 482 1135—H —H —H —F —H —F 476 1136 —H —H —H —F —F —H 476 1137 —H —H —H —CH₃ —H—Cl 488 1138 —H —H —H —CN —H —H 465 1139 —H —H —H —SCH₃ —H —H 486 1140—H —H —H —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ 482 1141 —H —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H 482 1142 —H—H —H —C₆H₁₃ —H —H 524 1143 —H —H —H -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —H —H 522 1144 —H —H—H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ —H 546 1145 —H —H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ —H —H 546 1146 —H —H —H—NHSO₂CH₃ —H —H 533 1147 —H —H —H —H —H —OCH₂C₆H₅ 546 1148 —H —H —H—NHC₆H₅ —H —H 531 1149 —CH₂C₆H₅ —H —H —H —H —H 530 1150 —CH₂CH₂OH —H —H—H —H —H 484

TABLE 166

MS (M + Ex. R⁹³⁶ R⁹³¹ R⁹³² R⁹³³ R⁹³⁴ R⁹³⁵ 1) 1151 —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H470 1152 —H —H —H —CH₃ —H —H 454 1153 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —OCH₃ —H 500 1154—H —H —H —H —C₂H₅ —H 468 1155 —H —H —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 483 1156 —H —H —H—C₂H₅ —H —H 468 1157 —H —H —H —H —H —CF₃ 508 1158 —H —H —CN —H —H —H 4651159 —CH₃ —H —H —H —Cl —H 488 1160 —C₂H₅ —H —H —H —H —OCH₃ 498 1161 —H—H —H —H —F —F 476 1162 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H 504 1163 —H —H —H —CH₃ —Cl—H 488 1164 —H —H —OCH₃ —H —CF₃ —H 538 1165 —H —Cl —H —H —CF₃ —H 5421166 —H —H —H —F —H —Cl 492 1167 —H —H —CN —H —H —Cl 499 1168 —H —Cl —H—H —CONH₂ —H 517 1169 —H —H —H —C₅H₁₁ —H —H 510 1170 —H —H —H —CH₂C₆H₅—H —H 530

TABLE 167

Ex. R⁹³⁶ R⁹³¹ R⁹³² R⁹³³ R⁹³⁴ R⁹³⁵ MS(M + 1) 1171 —H —H —H

—H —H 523 1172 —H —H —H

—H —H 599 1173 —H —H —H

—H —H 613 1174 —H —H —F —H —H

567 1175 —H —H —H

—H —H 614 1176 —H —H —H

—H —H 599

TABLE 168

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1177 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —CH₃ 460 1178 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —H446 1179 —C₄H₉ —C₄H₉ 476 1180 —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ 476 1181-cyclo-C₇H₁₃ —H 460 1182 -cyclo-C₅H₉ —H 432 1183 —CH₂-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —H 4601184 —CH₂CONH₂ —H 421 1185 —(CH₂)₂C₆H₅ —H 468 1186 —(CH₂)₃C₆H₅ —C₅H₁₁552 1187 —C₆H₅ —C₂H₅ 468 1188 —CH(CH₃)C₆H₅ —H 468 1189 —CH₂C₆H₅-cyclo-C₆H₁₁ 536 1190 —CH₂C₆H₅ —CH₃ 468 1191 —CH₂C₆H₅ —C₅H₁₁ 524 1192—CH₂C₆H₅ —CH₂C₆H₅ 544 1193 -cyclo-C₆H₁₁ —C₂H₅ 474

TABLE 169

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1194

—H 448 1195

—H 491 1196

—H 484 1197

—H 472 1198

—H 506 1199

—CH₃ 482 1200

—C₂H₅ 560 1201

—CH₃ 536 1202

—C₂H₅ 550

TABLE 170

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1203

—C₂H₅ 558 1204

—C₂H₅ 558 1205

—C₂H₅ 560 1206

—H 554 1207

—H 556 1208

—H 488 1209

—H 498 1210

—C₂H₅ 530 1211

—CH₂C₆H₅ 588 1212

—CH₂C₆H₅ 588

TABLE 171

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1213

—H 502 1214

—H 502 1215

—H 482 1216

—H 502 1217

—C₂H₅ 536 1218

—H 504 1219

—CH₃ 488 1220

—H 490 1221

—H 528

TABLE 172

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1222 -4-PYRIDYL —H 441 1223

—H 455 1224

—H 455 1225

—H 455 1226

—H 469 1227

—H 469 1228

—H 469 1229

—H 442 1230

—H 470 1231

—H 447 1232

—H 472 1233

—H 460

TABLE 173

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1234

—H 537 1235

—CH₃ 551 1236

—C₂H₅ 599 1237

—C₂H₅ 579 1238

—C₂H₅ 579 1239

—CH₃ 475 1240

—CH₃ 565 1241

—H 479 1242

—H 480

TABLE 174

Ex. R⁹⁴¹ R⁹⁴² MS(M + 1) 1243

—H 523 1244

—H 491 1245

—H 505 1246

—H 491 1247

—H 557

TABLE 175

Ex. R⁹⁴³ MS(M + 1) 1248 —C₂H₅ 461 1249 —C₃H₇ 475 1250

551 1251

537 1252

565 1253

629 1254

667 1255

573 1256

594 1257

566

TABLE 176

Ex. R⁹⁴³ MS(M + 1) 1258

567 1259

601 1260

585 1261

509 1262

577 1263

543 1264

543 1265

545 1266

583

TABLE 177

Ex. R⁹⁴³ MS(M + 1) 1267 -2-BENZTHIAZOLYL 566 1268 -3-PYRIDYL 510 1269

510 1270

578 1271

565 1272

565 1273

566 1274

566 1275

600

TABLE 178

Ex. R⁹⁴⁴ MS(M + 1) 1276 —CONH₂ 475 1277

590 1278

522 1279

540 1280

540 1281

606 1282

606 1283

556 1284

542 1285

508

TABLE 179

Ex. R⁹⁴⁴ MS(M + 1) 1286

538 1287

606 1288

524 1289

558 1290

558 1291

620 1292

566 1293

570 1294

607 1295

585

TABLE 180

Ex. R⁹⁴⁴ MS(M + 1) 1296

548 1297

548 1298

558

TABLE 181

Ex. R⁹⁴⁵ MS(M + 1) 1299

523 1300

557 1301

506 1302

524 1303

546 1304

562 1305

494 1306

568

TABLE 182

Ex. R⁹⁴⁵ MS(M + 1) 1307

480 1308

480 1309

466 1310

487 1311

446 1312

460 1313

436 1314

434

Example 1315 Synthesis of8-methoxy-1-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one

3.0 g of8-methoxy-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-ylmethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-5-carboxaldehydeand 1.53 g of 2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one were suspended in 30 ml oftoluene. Five drops of piperidine and five drops of acetic acid wereadded, followed by heating and refluxing for overnight. After allowingto cool, the solid thus precipitated was collected by filtration, anddried, and then suspended in 16 ml of toluene. 2.29 g of diethyl1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate and 4.0 g of silicagel were added to the suspension, followed by heating and refluxingovernight. The solvent was distilled off from the reaction mixture, andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(n-hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1→1:1). The purified product wasrecrystallized from an ethyl acetate-n-hexane mixed solvent, giving 2.11g (55.2% yield) of8-methoxy-1-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-oneas a yellow powder.

Melting point: 139.5° C. to 141° C.

Example 1316 Synthesis of5-[1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]-3-tritylthiazolidine-2,4-dione

A DMF solution (10 ml) of 1.0 g (2.99 mmol) of5-[1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dioneand 0.455 g (3.29 mmol) of potassium carbonate was cooled with ice, and0.876 g (3.04 mmol) of triphenylmethylchloride was added thereto,followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water was added tothe reaction liquid and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.The organic layer was washed twice with water and once with saturatedsodium chloride solution, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethylacetate=2:1→ethyl acetate). The purified product was concentrated underreduced pressure and evaporated to dryness, giving 700 mg (40.6% yield)of5-[1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]-3-tritylthiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a colorless amorphous solid.

Example 1317 Synthesis of5-{1-[3-(4-methylphenoxy)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione

A THF solution (2 ml) of 100 mg (0.18 mmol) of5-[1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl]-3-tritylthiazolidine-2,4-dione, 0.0363 ml (0.347 mmol) of p-cresol, and 91.1 mg(0.35 mmol) of triphenylphosphine was cooled with ice. 0.158 ml ofazodicarboxylic acid diethyl (2.2 M toluene solution) was added to thesolution in an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for two hours, and ethyl acetate was added to the reactionliquid. After washing with water, the organic layer was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparativesilica gel thin layer chromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1). Thepurified product was concentrated under reduced pressure, and 2 ml of asolution of 4N-hydrogen chloride/ethyl acetate was added to the residue.The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and furtherstirred at 70° C. for 1.5 hours. The mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative silica gelthin layer chromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1). The purifiedproduct was concentrated under reduced pressure and evaporated todryness, giving 27.1 mg (34.4% yield) of5-{1-[3-(4-methylphenoxy)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-ylmethyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dioneas a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆) dppm: 2.0-2.2 (2H, m), 2.28 (3H, s), 2.55-3.25 (5H, m),3.68 (1H, dd, J₁=3.7 Hz, J₂=14.4 Hz), 4.02 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 4.14 (2H,t, J=7.0 Hz), 4.46 (1H, dd, J₁=3.7 Hz, J₂=10.5 Hz), 6.92 (2H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.05-7.4 (4H, m)

Preparation Example 1

1-Methyl-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-5-thiazolidinyl)methyl-  5 mg3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one Starch 132 mg Magnesium stearate  18 mgLactose  45 mg Total 200 mg

Tablets containing the above composition per tablet are prepared in theconventional manner.

Preparation Example 2

1-(2-Phenylethyl)-8-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-5- 5 gthiazolidinyl)methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one Polyethyleneglycol(molecular weight: 4000) 0.3 g Sodium chloride 0.9 gPolyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate 0.4 g Sodium metabisulfite 0.1 gMethyl-paraben 0.18 g Propyl-paraben 0.02 g Distilled water forinjection 100 ml

The above parabens, sodium metabisulfite and sodium chloride aredissolved into distilled water at 80° C. with agitation. The obtainedsolution is cooled to 40° C., and the compound of the invention,polyethyleneglycol and polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate are dissolvedinto the above solution. Further distilled water for injection is thenadded to the solution to adjust the solution to the final amount. Theresultant solution is subjected to filter sterilization using anappropriate filter paper, and 1 ml of the filtered solution is dispensedinto ampules to prepare injectable solutions.

Test Example 1

Transcription promoting activity on human Trefoil Factor 2 (hTFF2) geneof test compounds was evaluated by means of an hTFF2 gene reporterassay.

(1) Preparation of hTFF2 Gene Reporter Vector pGL3-hTFF2pro

DNA was extracted from HeLa cells (CCL-2, DAINIPPON PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD.) using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction kit (DNeasy™ TissueKit, manufactured by QIAGEN). The hTFF2 promoter region was amplifiedusing the extracted DNA as a template by means of the polymerase chainreaction (PCR). The oligomers 5′-CACGCGTCAGACTGGCAACCCCCTGTC-3′ and5′-GAAGCTTCTAGCTCAGCTGCACCCCAG-3′ were selected as PCR primers to beamplified, based on the report by Beck et al. (Beck S., Sommer P., BlinN., Gott P., 5′-flanking motifs control cell-specific expression oftrefoil factor genes (TFF), Int. J. Mol. Med. 2(3), 353-361 (1998)).Platinum® Pfx DNA polymerase was used as DNA polymerase. The PCR wasperformed under the conditions of denaturing for 30 seconds at 95° C.,annealing for 30 seconds at 55° C. and extending for 75 seconds at 68°C., and the procedures were repeated for 32 cycles.

The PCR products were separated and purified by 1% agarose gelelectrophoresis, and cloned to a pCR-BluntII-TOPO vector attached to acloning kit (Zero Blunt® TOPO® PCR Cloning Kit, manufactured byInvitrogen Corporation). The produced plasmid pCR-Blunt-TFF2pro wasintroduced into E. coli for transformation (TOP 10 Ultracomp™ Cells,manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation), and transformant strainpCR-Blunt-TFF2pro/TOP10 was selectively cultured in LB agar mediumcontaining 30 μg/ml of Zeocin (Zeocin, manufactured by InvitrogenCorporation). The pCR-Blunt-TFF2pro/TOP10 was subjected to shakingculture in 50 ml of LB medium containing 30 μg/ml of Zeocin at 37° C.over night, and a plasmid was prepared using a plasmid preparation kit(Concert™ High Purity Midiprep System, manufactured by GIBCO BRL).

The nucleotide sequence of the PCR product cloned to the plasmidpCR-Blunt-TFF2pro was determined. The determined nucleotide sequence wascompared with the counterpart of hTFF2 promoter region reported in agene bank (GenBank accession AB038162). The nucleotide sequence of theMluI-HindIII region cloned in pCR-Blunt-TFF2pro was identical to GenBankaccession AB038162 (FIG. 1).

FIG. 1 shows in the upper register the nucleotide sequence andnucleotide numbering of the hTFF2 promoter region reported in GenBank(accession AB038162). The lower register shows the nucleotide sequence(see appended Sequence Number 1 shown in Sequence Listing) of the PCRproduct cloned in the plasmid pCR-Blunt-TFF2pro. The underlined portionsindicate the recognition sequence (ACGCGT) of the restriction enzymeMluI and the recognition sequence (AAGCTT) of the restriction enzymeHindIII. The nucleotide sequences of the MluI-HindIII region areidentical between the hTFF2 promoter region reported in GenBank and thePCR product cloned to the plasmid pCR-Blunt-TFF2pro. ATG enclosed in thebox is the translation start codon and the arrow shows the transcriptioninitiation site.

The plasmid pCR-Blunt-hTFF2pro was cleaved by the restriction enzymesMluI and HindIII, fractionated by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, andthe hTFF2 promoter region was purified using a nucleic acid purificationkit (Concert™ Matrix Gel Extraction System, manufactured by GIBCO BRL).The hTFF2 promoter region was inserted into the MluI-HindIII region of acommercial plasmid pGL-Basic (manufactured by Promega Corporation) usinga ligation kit (Ligation high, manufactured by TOYOBO CO., LTD.) toproduce pGL3-hTFF2pro. The plasmid pGL3-hTFF2pro was introduced into E.coli for transformation (DH5α Competent Cell, manufactured by TOYOBOCO., LTD.) and transformant strain pGL3-hTFF2pro/DH5α was selectivelycultured in LB agar medium containing 100 μg/ml of ampicillin.

The pGL3-hTFF2pro/DH5α was inoculated into a 2-liter Erlenmeyer flaskcontaining 400 ml of LB medium containing 100 μg/ml ampicillin, andsubjected to 200 rpm shaking culture at 37° C. in a rotary shakerovernight. The plasmid pGL3-hTFF2pro was extracted and purified from thecultured cells using a plasmid preparation kit (EndoFree Plasmid MaxiKit, manufactured by QIAGEN).

A commercial vector, pWLneo (manufactured by Stratagene), containing adrug-selection marker was introduced into E. coli for transformation(DH5α Competent Cell, manufactured by TOYOBO CO., LTD.) and transformantstrain pWLneo/DH5α was selectively cultured in LB agar medium containing100 μg/ml of ampicillin. The pWLneo/DH5α was inoculated into a 1-literErlenmeyer flask containing 150 ml of LB medium containing 100 μg/ml ofampicillin, and subjected to 200 rpm shaking culture at 37° C. in arotary shaker overnight. The plasmid pWLneo was extracted and purifiedfrom the cultured cells using a plasmid preparation kit (EndoFreePlasmid Maxi Kit, manufactured by QIAGEN).

(2) Preparation of Cell Line pGL3-hTFF2pro•pWL-neo/MKN-45 #6-2 for hTFF2Gene Reporter Assay

Human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 (JCRB0254, Health Science ResearchResources Bank) was cultured in medium (IMDM medium) composed of 500 mlof medium (Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium, manufactured by SIGMA),50 ml of fetal bovine serum (manufactured by SIGMA) immobilized byheating at 56° C. for 30 minutes, 5 ml of Penicillin-Streptomycin liquid(manufactured by SIGMA) and 20 ml of 200 mM L-glutamin (manufactured bySIGMA), using a culture dish having a diameter of 10 cm (CORNINGIncorporated) placed in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37° C. The cells werewashed with buffer (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline, manufacturedby SIGMA) and subjected to trypsin (0.25% Tripsin-1 mM EDTA•4Na,manufactured by SIGMA) treatment for suspension. The cells weresuspended in the IMDM medium, stained using Trypan Blue Stain, 0.4%(tradename, Invitrogen Corporation) and the number of cells which didnot stain was counted as live cells using a hemocytometer. The cellswere washed once with buffer (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline,manufactured by SIGMA) and 10⁶ live cells were suspended in a solutionfor gene transfer (0.25 M Mannitol/0.1 mM CaCl₂/0.1 mM MgCl₂/0.2 mMTris-HCl, pH7.2 to 7.4) to which 10 μg of the prepared plasmidpGL3-hTFF2pro and 2 μg of the plasmid pWLneo were added. Theplasmid-added cell suspension was transferred to a 1 mm cuvette(manufactured by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.) and gene introduction intocells was performed by means of electroporation using an SSH-1 cellfusion apparatus (Shimadzu Corporation). The cells were suspended in theIMDM medium, inoculated in a culture dish having a diameter of 10 cm(CORNING Incorporated) and cultured in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for2 days. Selective culturing was then carried out using IMDM mediumcontaining 400 μg/ml of Geneticin (manufactured by InvitrogenCorporation). 100 μl of the culture medium was then first inoculatedinto each well of a 96-well plate (manufactured by BD Falcon), andproliferated cells were sequentially subjected to passaged culturing ina 24-well plate (manufactured by BD Falcon) and further in a 6-wellplate (manufactured by BD Falcon) to preparepGL3-hTFF2pro•pWL-neo/MKN-45 #6 cells. The obtainedpGL3-hTFF2pro•pWL-neo/MKN-45 #6 cells were suspended in IMDM mediumcontaining 400 μg/ml of Geneticin, inoculated into a 96-well plate bymeans of limiting dilution for cloning to obtain single clonepGL3-hTFF2pro•pWL-neo/MKN-45 #6-2 cells. ThepGL3-hTFF2prod•pWL-neo/MKN-45 #6-2 cells were proliferated in a 10 cmculture dish, harvested and cryopreserved.

(3) The hTFF2 Genetic Reporter Assay Using pGL3-hTFF2pro•pWL-neo/MKN-45#6-2 Cell Line

pGL3-hTFF2pro•pWL-neo/MKN-45 #6-2 was thawed from the frozen state foruse. The cells were inoculated into IMDM medium containing 400 μg/ml ofGeneticin in a 10 cm culture dish and sequentially passaged every 3 to 5days. During the passage culturing, the cells were washed with buffer(Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline, manufactured by SIGMA), andtripsin (0.25% Tripsin-1 mM EDTA•4Na, manufactured by SIGMA) was addedto separate the cells by treatment for 5 minutes at 37° C. The cellsuspension was collected by adding IMDM medium, and the cells werestained using Trypan Blue Stain, 0.4% (tradename, InvitrogenCorporation) and the number of cells which did not stain was counted aslive cells using a hemocytometer. A cell survival rate of 90% or higherwas confirmed prior to the live cells being used for the hTFF2 geneticreporter assay.

A day before test compounds were added, 100 μl of the cell suspensioncontaining about 7.5×10⁴ cells was inoculated into each well of 96-wellplates (manufactured by COSTAR) and cultured in a 5% CO₂ incubator at37° C. The test compounds were prepared to have a concentration 200times the final measurement concentration with dimethylsulfoxide (WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The test compounds having apredetermined concentration were respectively diluted 100 times withIMDM medium, and 100 μl of the diluted compounds was dispensed intowells of the 96-well plates. Demethylsulfoxide was diluted 100 timeswith IMDM medium and added to those wells to which test compounds werenot added. After the test compounds were added, the cells were culturedin a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. When the culturing wascompleted, the culture supernatant was removed and the 96-well plateswere frozen in a deep freezer (manufactured by SANYO Electric Co.,Ltd.). The 96-well plates were thawed at room temperature when theluciferase activity was measured, and 100 μl of PicaGene LT2.0 (WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) diluted two times with buffer(Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline, manufactured by SIGMA) was addedto each well. The plates were allowed to stand at room temperature forat least 30 minutes and the luciferase activity was measured using aLabsystems Luminoskan (manufactured by ICN Biomedicals Inc.).

Taking the average measurement of the dimethylsulfoxide-added wellgroups in each plate as 100%, a percentage for each test compound to thedemethylsulfoxide-added well groups (control %) was calculated.

The results are shown in the table below.

TABLE 183 TFF2 Production Promoting Test Compound Activity Compound ofExample 22 ++ Compound of Example 25 ++ Compound of Example 32 +Compound of Example 116 ++ Compound of Example 122 ++ Compound ofExample 127 ++ Compound of Example 133 ++ Compound of Example 154 ++Compound of Example 157 ++ Compound of Example 158 ++ Compound ofExample 164 ++ Compound of Example 166 ++ Compound of Example 171 ++Compound of Example 176 ++ Compound of Example 184 ++ Compound ofExample 226 ++ Compound of Example 233 ++ Compound of Example 316 ++Compound of Example 349 ++ Compound of Example 438 + Compound of Example607 + Compound of Example 662 + Compound of Example 685 ++ Compound ofExample 700 ++ Compound of Example 740 + Compound of Example 963 ++Compound of Example 965 ++ Compound of Example 974 ++ Compound ofExample 981 ++ Compound of Example 986 ++ Compound of Example 992 ++Compound of Example 1032 ++ Compound of Example 1034 ++ Compound ofExample 1040 ++ Compound of Example 1042 ++ Compound of Example 1050 ++Compound of Example 1052 ++ Compound of Example 1057 ++ Compound ofExample 1076 ++ Compound of Example 1315 ++

In the above table, a TFF2 production promoting activity of 1000% orhigher at a test compound concentration of 10⁻⁶ M is indicated as “++”and a TFF2 production promoting activity of 300% or higher at a testcompound concentration of 10⁻⁶ M as “+”.

The above results show that the concentration of compound of the presentinvention for showing 300% or higher TFF2 production promoting activityis less than 10⁻⁵ M, and more preferably less than 10⁻⁶ M.

Test Example 2 Healing Effects on Rat Models with Acetic Acid-InducedGastric Ulcers (1) Production of Gastric Ulcer by Acetic Acid

Rats were fasted from the previous day. A celiotomy was done in each ratunder ether anesthesia, and the stomach was exteriorized. Subsequently,20 μL of a 30% acetic acid solution was injected into the submucosa atthe junction of the body of the glandular stomach and the pyloric antrumusing a disposable syringe to produce a gastric ulcer.

(2) Test Compound Administration

Each test compound was suspended in a 0.5% carboxymethylcelullose (CMC)solution at concentrations of 0.75 or 2.5 mg/ml. The rats were orallyadministrated once a day for 8 days starting with the forth day fromoperation at doses of 3 or 10 mg/kg. A gastric tube and a syringe wereused for the oral administration. The volumes of each test compound andvehicle (0.5% CMC) were 4 ml/kg.

(3) Dissection

On the next day the vehicle and the test compound were finallyadministrated to the rats, the rats were sacrificed by exsanguinationunder anesthesia with ether, and each stomach was removed. The removedstomachs were fixed in 1% formalin for 15 minutes, dissected along thegreater curvature of stomach to expose the ulcer, and the ulcerated areawas measured.

(4) Measurement of the Ulcerated Area

The ulcerated area was measured under a stereo microscope (10×) with anocular micrometer (1 mm²/grid), and the percentage healing ratio wascalculated. The test results were shown in the Table 184. The percentagehealing ratio was calculated by the following formula.

${{Healing}\mspace{14mu} {{ratio}(\%)}} = {\frac{\begin{matrix}{{{average}\mspace{14mu} {ulcerated}\mspace{14mu} {area}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {control}\mspace{14mu} {group}} -} \\{{average}\mspace{14mu} {ulcerated}\mspace{14mu} {area}\mspace{11mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {test}\mspace{14mu} {compound}\mspace{14mu} {group}}\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\mspace{11mu} \\\;\end{matrix} & \;\end{matrix}}{{average}\mspace{14mu} {ulcerated}\mspace{14mu} {area}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {control}\mspace{14mu} {group}}100}$

TABLE 184 Test Compound Dose (mg/kg) Healing Ratio (%) Example 1 10 >20Example 115 3 >20 Example 122 3 >20 Example 123 3 >20 Example 155 10 >20Example 913 3 >20 Example 919 3 >20 Example 960 10 >20 Example 96110 >20 Example 965 3 >20 Example 966 3 >20 Example 968 3 >20 Example 9693 >20 Example 978 10 >20

The Table 184 demonstrates that the compounds of the present inventionare effective in preventing and/or treating mucosal injury.

1-26. (canceled)
 27. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for adisorder in which TFF up-regulation has a prophylactic and/ortherapeutic effect, comprising as an active ingredient a carbostyrilcompound or salt thereof, wherein the carbostyril compound isrepresented by General Formula (I)

or a salt thereof, wherein A is a direct bond, a lower alkylene group,or a lower alkylidene group; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; thebond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton is asingle bond or a double bond; R⁴ and R⁵ each represent a hydrogen atom,with the proviso that when the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a double bond, R⁴ and R⁵ instead may be linkedtogether in the form of a —CH═CH—CH═CH— group; R¹ is one of thefollowing (1-1) to (1-29): (1-1) a hydrogen atom, (1-2) a lower alkylgroup, (1-3) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl group, lower alkyl groups, lower alkoxy groups, halogenatoms, -(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups, a nitro group, a carboxy group, loweralkoxycarbonyl groups, a cyano group, phenyl lower alkoxy groups, aphenoxy group, a piperidinyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, amino loweralkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted with one or more cycloalkylgroups, 2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one or more lower alkylthio groups,3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the 3-pyrrolinering with one or more lower alkyl groups, thiazolidinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the thiazolidine ring with a phenyl group,3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl groups, piperidinyl lower alkyl groups,anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the amino groupwith one or more lower alkyl groups, phenylthio lower alkyl groups,indolinyl lower alkyl groups, and piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(1-4) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (1-5) a phenoxy lower alkyl group,(1-6) a naphthyl lower alkyl group, (1-7) a lower alkoxy lower alkylgroup, (1-8) a carboxy lower alkyl group, (1-9) a lower alkoxycarbonyllower alkyl group, (1-10) a pyridyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms; piperidinyl groups; a morpholinogroup; piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperazine ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of a phenylgroup and lower alkyl group; thienyl groups; a phenyl group; pyridylgroups; piperidinyl lower alkyl groups; phenylthio lower alkyl groups;biphenyl groups; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; pyridylamino groups; pyridylcarbonylamino groups;lower alkoxy groups; anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substitutedon the amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups; and anilinogroups optionally substituted on the amino group with one or more loweralkyl groups, (1-11) a cyano lower alkyl group, (1-12) an-A₁-CONR⁸R⁹group, (1-13) a group of the following formula

(1-14) a phenyl group, (1-15) a quinolyl lower alkyl group, (1-16) alower alkoxy lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (1-17) ahydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (1-18) a thiazolyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the thiazole ring with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, a phenylgroup, thienyl groups, and pyridyl groups, (1-19) a lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (1-20) a loweralkylsilyloxy lower alkyl group, (1-21) a phenoxy lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups; halogenatoms; lower alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; a nitro group; and aphenyl group, (1-22) a phenylthio lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (1-23) apiperidinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofphenyl lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, (1-24) a piperazinyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the piperazine ring with one ormore phenyl groups, (1-25) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl lower alkylgroup, (1-26) a naphthyloxy lower alkyl group, (1-27) abenzothiazolyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thebenzothiazole ring with one or more alkyl groups, (1-28) a lower alkylgroup substituted with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of quinolyloxy groups and isoquinolyloxy groups, (1-29) apyridyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; R² is one of the following (2-1) to(2-33): (2-1) a hydrogen atom, (2-2) a lower alkoxy group, (2-3) a loweralkyl group, (2-4) a carboxy lower alkoxy group, (2-5) a loweralkoxycarbonyl lower alkoxy group, (2-6) a hydroxy group, (2-7) a phenyllower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; a nitro group; lower alkylsulfonyl groups;lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; phenyl lower alkenyl groups; loweralkanoyloxy groups; and 1,2,3-thiadiazolylgroups, (2-8) a piperidinyllower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, (2-9) an amino-substituted lower alkoxygroup optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (2-10)a lower alkenyloxy group, (2-11) a pyridyl lower alkoxy group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one ormore halogen atoms, (2-12) a lower alkynyloxy group, (2-13) a phenyllower alkynyloxy group, (2-14) a phenyl lower alkenyloxy group, (2-15) afuryl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the furan ring withone or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (2-16) a tetrazolyl loweralkoxy group optionally substituted on the tetrazole ring with onemember selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, phenyllower alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups, (2-17) a1,2,4-oxadiazoly1 lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (2-18) an isoxazolyl lower alkoxy group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(2-19) a 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted onthe 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (2-20) a lower alkanoyl lower alkoxy group, (2-21) athiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the thiazole ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl substituent optionallybeing substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,(2-22) a piperidinyloxy group optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more benzoyl groups, each benzoyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogenatoms, (2-23) a thienyl lower alkoxy group, (2-24) a phenylthio loweralkoxy group, (2-25) a carbamoyl-substituted lower alkoxy groupoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (2-26) abenzoyl lower alkoxy group, (2-27) a pyridylcarbonyl lower alkoxy group,(2-28) an imidazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups, (2-29) aphenoxy lower alkoxy group, (2-30) a phenyl lower alkoxy-substitutedlower alkoxy group, (2-31) a 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyloxy group, (2-32) anisoindolinyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on theisoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups, (2-33) a phenyl group; R³is one of the following (3-1) to (3-19): (3-1) a hydrogen atom, (3-2) alower alkyl group, (3-3) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (3-4)a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (3-5) a carboxy lower alkyl group, (3-6)a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, (3-7) a phenyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a phenylgroup; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; a phenoxy group; lower alkylthiogroups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; andamino groups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkanoylgroups, (3-8) a naphthyl lower alkyl group, (3-9) a furyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the furan ring with one or more loweralkoxycarbonyl groups, (3-10) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the thiazole ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, eachphenyl substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more optionally halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, (3-11) atetrazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the tetrazolering with one or more lower alkyl groups, (3-12) a benzothienyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the benzothiophene ring with oneor more halogen atoms, (3-13) a lower alkynyl group, (3-14) a loweralkenyl group, (3-15) a phenyl lower alkenyl group, (3-16) abenzoimidazolyl lower alkyl group, (3-17) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,(3-18) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups, (3-19) aquinolyl lower alkyl group; B is a carbonyl group or an —NHCO— group; Iis 0 or 1; R⁶ and R⁷ eachindependently represent one of the following(4-1) to (4-79): (4-1) a hydrogen atom, (4-2) a lower alkyl group, (4-3)a lower alkanoyl group, (4-4) a lower alkylsulfonyl group optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-5) an alkoxycarbonylgroup optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-6) ahydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (4-7) a pyridylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of pyrrolyl groups and halogen atoms,(4-8) a pyridyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkylgroups and lower alkoxy groups, (4-9) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,(4-10) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a phenoxy group; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups; lower alkylsulfonylgroups; amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; piperidinyl groupsoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more loweralkyl groups; lower alkenyl groups; an aminosulfonyl group; a hydroxygroup; carbamoyl groups optionally substituted with one or more loweralkyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; and a cyano group, (4-11) acycloalkyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkyl ring with oneor more lower alkyl groups, (4-12) a benzoyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms; a phenoxy group; a phenyl group;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; lower alkanoyl groups; a nitro group; acyano group; amino groups optionally substituted with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and loweralkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; pyrrolyl groups; pyrazolylgroups; 1,2,4-triazolyl groups; and imidazolyl groups, (4-13) a benzoylgroup substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkylenedioxy groups, (4-14) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (4-15) afurylcarbonyl group, (4-16) a naphthylcarbonyl group, (4-17) aphenoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxygroups, lower alkyl groups, halogen atoms, and a nitro group, (4-18) aphenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofhalogen atoms and a nitro group, (4-19) a piperidinyl group optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups;benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms; and phenyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-20) a tetrahydropyranyllower alkyl group, (4-21) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (4-22) a loweralkenyl group, (4-23) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substitutedon the alkyl group with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; andoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and ahydroxy group, (4-24) a lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl loweralkyl group, (4-25) a furyl lower alkyl group, (4-26) a carbamoyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted with one or more members selectedfrom lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (4-27) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, (4-28) animidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the lower alkylgroup with one or more members selected from the group consisting of acarbamoyl group and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (4-29) anamino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally substituted with one ormore lower alkyl groups, (4-30) a 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl groupoptionally substituted on the 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran ring with one ormore oxo groups, (4-31) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, (4-32)a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-33) a phenoxylower alkanoyl group, (4-34) a morpholino lower alkyl group, (4-35) aindolyl group, (4-36) a thiazolyl group, (4-37) a 1,2,4-triazolylgroup,(4-38) a pyridyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-39) a thienylcarbonyl group,(4-40) a thienyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-41) a cycloalkyl loweralkanoyl group, (4-42) an isoxazolylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(4-43) a pyrazylcarbonyl group, (4-44) a piperidinylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more membersselected from a benzoyl group and lower alkanoyl groups, (4-45) achromanylcarbonyl group, (4-46) an isoindolinyl lower alkanoyl groupoptionally substituted on the isoindoline ring with one or more oxogroups, (4-47) a thiazolidinyl lower alkanoyl group optionallysubstituted on the thiazolidine ring with one or more members selectedfrom an oxo group and a thioxo group, (4-48) a piperidinyl loweralkanoyl group, (4-49) a phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-50) aphenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more alkylenedioxy groups, (4-51) a pyridyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group, (4-52) a pyridylthio lower alkanoyl group, (4-53) anindolylcarbonyl group, (4-54) a pyrrolylcarbonyl group, (4-55) apyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one or more oxo groups, (4-56) a benzofurylcarbonyl group,(4-57) an indolyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-58) a benzothienylcarbonylgroup, (4-59) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted onthe phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-60) a phenylsulfonylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; acyano group; a nitro group; amino groups optionally substituted with oneor more alkanoyl groups; a hydroxy group; a carboxyl group; loweralkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; and lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-61) athienylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the thiophene ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atomsand lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (4-62) a quinolylsulfonyl group, (4-63)an imidazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-64) a phenylsulfonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkylenedioxy groups, (4-65) a lower alkenylsulfonyl group, (4-66) acycloalkyl lower alkylsulfonyl group, (4-67) a3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonyl group optionally substituted onthe 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine ring with one or more lower alkylgroups, (4-68) a pyrazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on thepyrazole ring with one or more members selected from halogen atoms andlower alkyl groups, (4-69) an isoxazolylsulfonyl group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(4-70) a thiazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the thiazolering with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl groups and an amino group, each amino substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more alkanoyl groups, (4-71) a phenyllower alkylsulfonyl group, (4-72) a phenyl lower alkenylsulfonyl group,(4-73) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group, (4-74) a lower alkynyloxycarbonylgroup, (4-75) a lower alkenyloxycarbonyl group, (4-76) a phenyl loweralkoxy-substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl group, (4-77) acycloalkyloxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkylring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-78) a tetrazolyl group,(4-79) an isoxazolyl group optionally substituted on the isoxazole ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; or instead, R⁶ and R⁷ may be linkedtogether to form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebound, a 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, an isoindolinyl group, ora 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group, the heterocyclic groupoptionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms and optionallybeing substituted with one to three members from the following (5-1) to(5-28): (5-1) lower alkyl groups, (5-2) lower alkoxy groups, (5-3) anoxo group, (5-4) a hydroxy group, (5-5) pyridyl lower alkyl groups,(5-6) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; a cyano group; and a hydroxy group, (5-7) loweralkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl lower alkyl groups, (5-8) phenyl loweralkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or morehalogen atoms, (5-9) pyrimidyl groups, (5-10) pyrazyl groups, (5-11)cycloalkyl groups, (5-12) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (5-13)benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms, (5-14) benzoyl groups substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more lower alkylenedioxy groups, (5-15) carbamoyl loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of a phenyl group and lower alkyl groups,(5-16) benzoxazolyl groups, (5-17) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (5-18) acarbamoyl group, (5-19) phenyl lower alkylidene groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (5-20)phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (5-21) pyridyl groups optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of a cyano group and lower alkyl groups, (5-22)furyl lower alkyl groups, (5-23) tetrahydropyranyl groups, (5-24)imidazolyl lower alkyl groups, (5-25) naphthyl groups, (5-26)2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl groups, (5-27) 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl groups,(5-28)-(A₃)_(m)NR¹¹R¹² groups; A₁ is a lower alkylene group; R⁸ and R⁹each independently represent one of the following (6-1) to (6-25): (6-1)a hydrogen atom, (6-2) a lower alkyl group, (6-3) a phenyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; halogen atoms; a phenyl group; lower alkylamino groups; a cyanogroup; a phenoxy group; cycloalkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more oxo groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted withone or more lower alkyl groups; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinylcarbonylgroups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups;thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups;a carbamoyl group; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; lower alkylsulfonylaminogroups; anilino groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; phenyl lower alkyl groups; and hydroxy-substituted lower alkylgroups, (6-4) a cycloalkyl group, (6-5) a cycloakyl lower alkyl group,(6-6) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group, (6-7) a phenyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; halogen atoms;and a phenyl group, (6-8) lower alkyl-substituted amino lower alkylgroup, (6-9) a naphthyl group, (6-10) a naphthyl lower alkyl group,(6-11) a tetrahydronaphthyl lower alkyl group, (6-12) a fluorenyl group,(6-13) a pyridyl group, (6-14) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, (6-15) apyrimidinyl group, (6-16) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(6-17) a thiazolyl group, (6-18) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyrazole ring with one or more lower alkylgroups, (6-19) a thienyl lower alkyl group (6-20) a piperidinyl groupoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups; a benzoylgroup; and phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, (6-21) an indolyl group, (6-22)an indazolyl group, (6-23) a 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (6-24) a quinolyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (6-25) acarbazolyl group optionally substituted with one or more lower alkylgroups; or R⁹ and R⁹ may be linked together to form, together with thenitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- to 8-membered saturatedheterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additionalheteroatoms and optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of the following(6-28-1) to (6-28-24): (6-28-1) lower alkyl groups, (6-28-2) phenyllower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-3) naphthyllower alkyl groups, (6-28-4) phenyl lower alkylcarbamoyl lower alkylgroups, (6-28-5) phenylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups, (6-28-6) phenyllower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (6-28-7) phenoxy lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-8)biphenyl groups, (6-28-9) phenyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-10) 2,3-dihydroindenylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-11)benzothiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms, (6-28-12) pyridyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms, (6-28-13) benzothienyl groups, (6-28-14)benzoisothiazolyl groups, (6-28-15) thienopyridyl groups, (6-28-16) acarbamoyl group, (6-28-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-18)phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,(6-28-19) benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more members selected from halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups,(6-28-20) anilino groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-21) anilinogroups substituted on the amino group with one or more lower alkylgroups, and optionally further substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more halogen atoms, (6-28-22) benzofuryl groups, (6-28-23) naphthylgroups, (6-28-24) an oxo group; or R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together toform, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- or6-membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, the unsaturated heterocyclicgroup optionally being substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of the following(6-29-1) to (6-29-3): (6-29-1) phenyl groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (6-29-2) 2,3-dihydroindenyl groups, (6-29-3)benzothienyl groups; or instead, R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together toform, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolyl group; a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylgroup, a 1,3-dihydroisoindoly1 group; anoctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinyl group optionally substituted on thepyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups; or an8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group optionally substituted on the8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group with one or more phenoxy groups, eachphenoxy substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more halogen atoms; A₂ is a lower alkylene group; R¹ is one ofthe following (7-1) to (7-44): (7-1) a hydrogen atom, (7-2) a loweralkyl group, (7-3) an alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (7-4) a benzoyl group optionally substitutedon the phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; a phenyl group; halogen atoms; a cyano group; a phenoxygroup; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; pyrazolyl groups; and lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (7-5) analkanoyl group, (7-6) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, (7-7) acycloalkyl lower alkanoyl group, (7-8) a phenyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(7-9) a phenoxy lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (7-10) a phenyl loweralkenylcarbonyl group, (7-11) a pyridylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each loweralkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogenatoms, (7-12) a furylcarbonyl group, (7-13) a thienylcarbonyl group,(7-14) a piperidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more lower alkanoyl groups, (7-15) apyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one or more oxo groups, (7-16) a tetrahydropyranylcarbonylgroup, (7-17) a naphthylcarbonyl group, (7-18) an indolylcarbonyl group,(7-19) a benzofurylcarbonyl group, (7-20) a benzothienylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the benzothiophene ring with one or morehalogen atoms, (7-21) a furyl lower alkyl group, (7-22) a pyridyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and loweralkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substitutedwith one or more halogen atoms, (7-23) a thienyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the thiophene ring with one or more halogenatoms, (7-24) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a cyano group; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneor more halogen atoms; amino groups optionally substituted with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groupsand lower alkanoyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups;lower alkanoyloxy groups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; lower alkylthiogroups; and pyrrolidinyl groups, (7-25) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group,(7-26) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (7-27) a pyrrolyllower alkyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrole ring with one ormore lower alkyl groups, (7-28) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (7-29) alower alkylthio lower alkyl group, (7-30) a phenoxycarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups,and lower alkoxy groups, (7-31) a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogenatoms, (7-32) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group, (7-33) a loweralkynyloxycarbonyl group, (7-34) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (7-35) aquinoxalinylcarbonyl group, (7-36) a —CO—NR¹³R¹⁴ group, (7-37) apiperidinyl group optionally substituted on the piperidine ring with oneor more lower alkyl groups, (7-38) a cycloalkyl group, (7-39) atetrahydropyranyl group, (7-40) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, (7-41)a tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranyl group, (7-42) a naphthyl group, (7-43) abiphenyl group, (7-44) a lower alkylsilyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group; A³is a lower alkylene group; m is 0 or 1; R¹¹ and R¹² each independentlyrepresent one of the following (8-1) to (8-5): (8-1) a hydrogen atom,(8-2) a lower alkyl group, (8-3) a lower alkanoyl group, (8-4) a phenyllower alkanoyl group, (8-5) a phenyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms; or instead, R¹¹ and R¹² maybe linked together to form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are bound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group whichoptionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms, the heterocyclicgroup optionally being substituted with one to three members selectedfrom the group consisting of the following (9-1) and (9-2): (9-1) loweralkyl groups, (9-2) a phenyl group; and R¹³ and R¹⁴ each independentlyrepresent one of the following (10-1) to (10-1): (10-1) a hydrogen atom,(10-1) a lower alkyl group, (10-3) a phenyl group, or instead R¹³ andR¹⁴ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are bound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic groupwhich optionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms.
 28. Aprophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to claim 27, wherein thedisorder in which TFF up-regulation has a prophylactic and/ortherapeutic effect is an alimentary tract disease, oral disease, upperrespiratory tract disease, respiratory tract disease, eye disease,cancer, or wound.
 29. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent accordingto claim 27, wherein the disorder in which TFF up-regulation has aprophylactic and/or therapeutic effect is a drug-induced ulcer, pepticgastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, drug-inducedenteritis, ischemic colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcer developedafter endoscopic demucosation, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis,reflux esophagitis, esophageal ulcer, Barrett esophagus,gastrointestinal mucositis, hemorrhoidal diseases, stomatitis, Sjögrensyndrome, xerostomia, rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchial asthma, chronicobstructive lung disease, dry eye, or keratoconjunctivitis.
 30. Aprophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to claim 27, wherein theTFF is TFF2.
 31. A method of manufacturing a therapeutic agentcomprising the synthesis of a carbostyril compound or salt thereof formanufacturing a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for a disorder inwhich TFF up-regulation has a prophylactic and/or therapeutic effect,wherein the carbostyril compound is represented by General Formula (I)

or a salt thereof, wherein A is a direct bond, a lower alkylene group,or a lower alkylidene group; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; thebond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton is asingle bond or a double bond; R⁴ and R⁵ each represent a hydrogen atom,with the proviso that when the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a double bond, R⁴ and R⁵ instead may be linkedtogether in the form of a —CH═CH—CH═CH— group; R¹ is one of thefollowing (1-1) to (1-29): (1-1) a hydrogen atom, (1-2) a lower alkylgroup, (1-3) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl group, lower alkyl groups, lower alkoxy groups, halogenatoms, -(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups, a nitro group, a carboxy group, loweralkoxycarbonyl groups, a cyano group, phenyl lower alkoxy groups, aphenoxy group, a piperidinyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, amino loweralkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted with one or more cycloalkylgroups, 2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one or more lower alkylthio groups,3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the 3-pyrrolinering with one or more lower alkyl groups, thiazolidinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the thiazolidine ring with a phenyl group,3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl groups, piperidinyl lower alkyl groups,anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the amino groupwith one or more lower alkyl groups, phenylthio lower alkyl groups,indolinyl lower alkyl groups, and piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(1-4) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (1-5) a phenoxy lower alkyl group,(1-6) a naphthyl lower alkyl group, (1-7) a lower alkoxy lower alkylgroup, (1-8) a carboxy lower alkyl group, (1-9) a lower alkoxycarbonyllower alkyl group, (1-10) a pyridyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms; piperidinyl groups; a morpholinogroup; piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperazine ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of a phenylgroup and lower alkyl group; thienyl groups; a phenyl group; pyridylgroups; piperidinyl lower alkyl groups; phenylthio lower alkyl groups;biphenyl groups; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; pyridylamino groups; pyridylcarbonylamino groups;lower alkoxy groups; anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substitutedon the amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups; and anilinogroups optionally substituted on the amino group with one or more loweralkyl groups, (1-11) a cyano lower alkyl group, (1-12) an -A₁-CONR⁸R⁹group, (1-13) a group of the following formula

(1-14) a phenyl group, (1-15) a quinolyl lower alkyl group, (1-16) alower alkoxy lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (1-17) ahydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (1-18) a thiazolyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the thiazole ring with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, a phenylgroup, thienyl groups, and pyridyl groups, (1-19) a lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (1-20) a loweralkylsilyloxy lower alkyl group, (1-21) a phenoxy lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups; halogenatoms; lower alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; a nitro group; and aphenyl group, (1-22) a phenylthio lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (1-23) apiperidinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofphenyl lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, (1-24) a piperazinyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the piperazine ring with one ormore phenyl groups, (1-25) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl lower alkylgroup, (1-26) a naphthyloxy lower alkyl group, (1-27) abenzothiazolyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thebenzothiazole ring with one or more alkyl groups, (1-28) a lower alkylgroup substituted with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of quinolyloxy groups and isoquinolyloxy groups, (1-29) apyridyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; R² is one of the following (2-1) to(2-33): (2-1) a hydrogen atom, (2-2) a lower alkoxy group, (2-3) a loweralkyl group, (2-4) a carboxy lower alkoxy group, (2-5) a loweralkoxycarbonyl lower alkoxy group, (2-6) a hydroxy group, (2-7) a phenyllower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; a nitro group; lower alkylsulfonyl groups;lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; phenyl lower alkenyl groups; loweralkanoyloxy groups; and 1,2,3-thiadiazolylgroups, (2-8) a piperidinyllower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, (2-9) an amino-substituted lower alkoxygroup optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (2-10)a lower alkenyloxy group, (2-11) a pyridyl lower alkoxy group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one ormore halogen atoms, (2-12) a lower alkynyloxy group, (2-13) a phenyllower alkynyloxy group, (2-14) a phenyl lower alkenyloxy group, (2-15) afuryl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the furan ring withone or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (2-16) a tetrazolyl loweralkoxy group optionally substituted on the tetrazole ring with onemember selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, phenyllower alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups, (2-17) a1,2,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (2-18) an isoxazolyl lower alkoxy group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(2-19) a 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted onthe 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (2-20) a lower alkanoyl lower alkoxy group, (2-21) athiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the thiazole ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl substituent optionallybeing substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,(2-22) a piperidinyloxy group optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more benzoyl groups, each benzoyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogenatoms, (2-23) a thienyl lower alkoxy group, (2-24) a phenylthio loweralkoxy group, (2-25) a carbamoyl-substituted lower alkoxy groupoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (2-26) abenzoyl lower alkoxy group, (2-27) a pyridylcarbonyl lower alkoxy group,(2-28) an imidazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups, (2-29) aphenoxy lower alkoxy group, (2-30) a phenyl lower alkoxy-substitutedlower alkoxy group, (2-31) a 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyloxy group, (2-32) anisoindolinyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on theisoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups, (2-33) a phenyl group; R³is one of the following (3-1) to (3-19): (3-1) a hydrogen atom, (3-2) alower alkyl group, (3-3) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (3-4)a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (3-5) a carboxy lower alkyl group, (3-6)a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, (3-7) a phenyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a phenylgroup; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; a phenoxy group; lower alkylthiogroups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; andamino groups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkanoylgroups, (3-8) a naphthyl lower alkyl group, (3-9) a furyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the furan ring with one or more loweralkoxycarbonyl groups, (3-10) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the thiazole ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, eachphenyl substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more optionally halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, (3-11) atetrazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the tetrazolering with one or more lower alkyl groups, (3-12) a benzothienyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the benzothiophene ring with oneor more halogen atoms, (3-13) a lower alkynyl group, (3-14) a loweralkenyl group, (3-15) a phenyl lower alkenyl group, (3-16) abenzoimidazolyl lower alkyl group, (3-17) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,(3-18) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups, (3-19) aquinolyl lower alkyl group; B is a carbonyl group or an —NHCO— group; Iis 0 or 1; R⁶ and R⁷ each independently represent one of the following(4-1) to (4-79): (4-1) a hydrogen atom, (4-2) a lower alkyl group, (4-3)a lower alkanoyl group, (4-4) a lower alkylsulfonyl group optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-5) an alkoxycarbonylgroup optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-6) ahydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (4-7) a pyridylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of pyrrolyl groups and halogen atoms,(4-8) a pyridyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkylgroups and lower alkoxy groups, (4-9) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,(4-10) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a phenoxy group; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups; lower alkylsulfonylgroups; amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; piperidinyl groupsoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more loweralkyl groups; lower alkenyl groups; an aminosulfonyl group; a hydroxygroup; carbamoyl groups optionally substituted with one or more loweralkyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; and a cyano group, (4-11) acycloalkyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkyl ring with oneor more lower alkyl groups, (4-12) a benzoyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms; a phenoxy group; a phenyl group;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; lower alkanoyl groups; a nitro group; acyano group; amino groups optionally substituted with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and loweralkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; pyrrolyl groups; pyrazolylgroups; 1,2,4-triazolyl groups; and imidazolyl groups, (4-13) a benzoylgroup substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkylenedioxy groups, (4-14) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (4-15) afurylcarbonyl group, (4-16) a naphthylcarbonyl group, (4-17) aphenoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxygroups, lower alkyl groups, halogen atoms, and a nitro group, (4-18) aphenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofhalogen atoms and a nitro group, (4-19) a piperidinyl group optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups;benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms; and phenyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-20) a tetrahydropyranyllower alkyl group, (4-21) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (4-22) a loweralkenyl group, (4-23) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substitutedon the alkyl group with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; andoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and ahydroxy group, (4-24) a lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl loweralkyl group, (4-25) a furyl lower alkyl group, (4-26) a carbamoyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted with one or more members selectedfrom lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (4-27) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, (4-28) animidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the lower alkylgroup with one or more members selected from the group consisting of acarbamoyl group and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (4-29) anamino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally substituted with one ormore lower alkyl groups, (4-30) a 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl groupoptionally substituted on the 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran ring with one ormore oxo groups, (4-31) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, (4-32)a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-33) a phenoxylower alkanoyl group, (4-34) a morpholino lower alkyl group, (4-35) aindolyl group, (4-36) a thiazolyl group, (4-37) a 1,2,4-triazolyl group,(4-38) a pyridyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-39) a thienylcarbonyl group,(4-40) a thienyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-41) a cycloalkyl loweralkanoyl group, (4-42) an isoxazolylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(4-43) a pyrazylcarbonyl group, (4-44) a piperidinylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more membersselected from a benzoyl group and lower alkanoyl groups, (4-45) achromanylcarbonyl group, (4-46) an isoindolinyl lower alkanoyl groupoptionally substituted on the isoindoline ring with one or more oxogroups, (4-47) a thiazolidinyl lower alkanoyl group optionallysubstituted on the thiazolidine ring with one or more members selectedfrom an oxo group and a thioxo group, (4-48) a piperidinyl loweralkanoyl group, (4-49) a phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-50) aphenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more alkylenedioxy groups, (4-51) a pyridyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group, (4-52) a pyridylthio lower alkanoyl group, (4-53) anindolylcarbonyl group, (4-54) a pyrrolylcarbonyl group, (4-55) apyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one or more oxo groups, (4-56) a benzofurylcarbonyl group,(4-57) an indolyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-58) a benzothienylcarbonylgroup, (4-59) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted onthe phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-60) a phenylsulfonylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; acyano group; a nitro group; amino groups optionally substituted with oneor more alkanoyl groups; a hydroxy group; a carboxyl group; loweralkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; and lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-61) athienylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the thiophene ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atomsand lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (4-62) a quinolylsulfonyl group, (4-63)an imidazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-64) a phenylsulfonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkylenedioxy groups, (4-65) a lower alkenylsulfonyl group, (4-66) acycloalkyl lower alkylsulfonyl group, (4-67) a3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonyl group optionally substituted onthe 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine ring with one or more lower alkylgroups, (4-68) a pyrazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on thepyrazole ring with one or more members selected from halogen atoms andlower alkyl groups, (4-69) an isoxazolylsulfonyl group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(4-70) a thiazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the thiazolering with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl groups and an amino group, each amino substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more alkanoyl groups, (4-71) a phenyllower alkylsulfonyl group, (4-72) a phenyl lower alkenylsulfonyl group,(4-73) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group, (4-74) a lower alkynyloxycarbonylgroup, (4-75) a lower alkenyloxycarbonyl group, (4-76) a phenyl loweralkoxy-substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl group, (4-77) acycloalkyloxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkylring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-78) a tetrazolyl group,(4-79) an isoxazolyl group optionally substituted on the isoxazole ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; or instead, R⁶ and R⁷ may be linkedtogether to form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebound, a 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, an isoindolinyl group, ora 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group, the heterocyclic groupoptionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms and optionallybeing substituted with one to three members from the following (5-1) to(5-28): (5-1) lower alkyl groups, (5-2) lower alkoxy groups, (5-3) anoxo group, (5-4) a hydroxy group, (5-5) pyridyl lower alkyl groups,(5-6) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; a cyano group; and a hydroxy group, (5-7) loweralkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl lower alkyl groups, (5-8) phenyl loweralkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or morehalogen atoms, (5-9) pyrimidyl groups, (5-10) pyrazyl groups, (5-11)cycloalkyl groups, (5-12) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (5-13)benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms, (5-14) benzoyl groups substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more lower alkylenedioxy groups, (5-15) carbamoyl loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of a phenyl group and lower alkyl groups,(5-16) benzoxazolyl groups, (5-17) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (5-18) acarbamoyl group, (5-19) phenyl lower alkylidene groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (5-20)phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (5-21) pyridyl groups optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of a cyano group and lower alkyl groups, (5-22)furyl lower alkyl groups, (5-23) tetrahydropyranyl groups, (5-24)imidazolyl lower alkyl groups, (5-25) naphthyl groups, (5-26)2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl groups, (5-27) 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl groups,(5-28)-(A₃)_(m)NR¹¹R¹² groups; A₁ is a lower alkylene group; R⁸ and R⁹each independently represent one of the following (6-1) to (6-25): (6-1)a hydrogen atom, (6-2) a lower alkyl group, (6-3) a phenyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; halogen atoms; a phenyl group; lower alkylamino groups; a cyanogroup; a phenoxy group; cycloalkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more oxo groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted withone or more lower alkyl groups; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinylcarbonylgroups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups;thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups;a carbamoyl group; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; lower alkylsulfonylaminogroups; anilino groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; phenyl lower alkyl groups; and hydroxy-substituted lower alkylgroups, (6-4) a cycloalkyl group, (6-5) a cycloakyl lower alkyl group,(6-6) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group, (6-7) a phenyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; halogen atoms;and a phenyl group, (6-8) lower alkyl-substituted amino lower alkylgroup, (6-9) a naphthyl group, (6-10) a naphthyl lower alkyl group,(6-11) a tetrahydronaphthyl lower alkyl group, (6-12) a fluorenyl group,(6-13) a pyridyl group, (6-14) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, (6-15) apyrimidinyl group, (6-16) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(6-17) a thiazolyl group, (6-18) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyrazole ring with one or more lower alkylgroups, (6-19) a thienyl lower alkyl group (6-20) a piperidinyl groupoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups; a benzoylgroup; and phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, (6-21) an indolyl group, (6-22)an indazolyl group, (6-23) a 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (6-24) a quinolyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (6-25) acarbazolyl group optionally substituted with one or more lower alkylgroups; or R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together to form, together with thenitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- to 8-membered saturatedheterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additionalheteroatoms and optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of the following(6-28-1) to (6-28-24): (6-28-1) lower alkyl groups, (6-28-2) phenyllower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-3) naphthyllower alkyl groups, (6-28-4) phenyl lower alkylcarbamoyl lower alkylgroups, (6-28-5) phenylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups, (6-28-6) phenyllower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (6-28-7) phenoxy lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-8)biphenyl groups, (6-28-9) phenyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-10) 2,3-dihydroindenylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-11)benzothiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms, (6-28-12) pyridyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms, (6-28-13) benzothienyl groups, (6-28-14)benzoisothiazolyl groups, (6-28-15) thienopyridyl groups, (6-28-16) acarbamoyl group, (6-28-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-18)phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,(6-28-19) benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more members selected from halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups,(6-28-20) anilino groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-21) anilinogroups substituted on the amino group with one or more lower alkylgroups, and optionally further substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more halogen atoms, (6-28-22) benzofuryl groups, (6-28-23) naphthylgroups, (6-28-24) an oxo group; or R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together toform, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- or6-membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, the unsaturated heterocyclicgroup optionally being substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of the following(6-29-1) to (6-29-3): (6-29-1) phenyl groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (6-29-2) 2,3-dihydroindenyl groups, (6-29-3)benzothienyl groups; or instead, R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together toform, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolyl group; a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylgroup, a 1,3-dihydroisoindolylgroup; an octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinylgroup optionally substituted on the pyrazine ring with one or more loweralkyl groups; or an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group optionallysubstituted on the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group with one or morephenoxy groups, each phenoxy substituent optionally being substituted onthe phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms; A₂ is a lower alkylenegroup; R¹⁹ is one of the following (7-1) to (7-44): (7-1) a hydrogenatom, (7-2) a lower alkyl group, (7-3) an alkoxycarbonyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (7-4) a benzoylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; a phenyl group; halogenatoms; a cyano group; a phenoxy group; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups;pyrazolyl groups; and lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (7-5) an alkanoyl group, (7-6) a phenyl loweralkanoyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms andlower alkyl groups, (7-7) a cycloalkyl lower alkanoyl group, (7-8) aphenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or morelower alkyl groups, (7-9) a phenoxy lower alkanoyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (7-10) aphenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group, (7-11) a pyridylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkylgroups, each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (7-12) a furylcarbonyl group, (7-13) athienylcarbonyl group, (7-14) a piperidinylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more lower alkanoylgroups, (7-15) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted onthe pyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups, (7-16) atetrahydropyranylcarbonyl group, (7-17) a naphthylcarbonyl group, (7-18)an indolylcarbonyl group, (7-19) a benzofurylcarbonyl group, (7-20) abenzothienylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the benzothiophenering with one or more halogen atoms, (7-21) a furyl lower alkyl group,(7-22) a pyridyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thepyridine ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each lower alkylsubstituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms,(7-23) a thienyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thethiophene ring with one or more halogen atoms, (7-24) a phenyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a cyano group;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; loweralkanoyloxy groups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; lower alkylthio groups;and pyrrolidinyl groups, (7-25) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group, (7-26) animidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the imidazolering with one or more lower alkyl groups, (7-27) a pyrrolyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the pyrrole ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (7-28) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (7-29) a loweralkylthio lower alkyl group, (7-30) a phenoxycarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups, and loweralkoxy groups, (7-31) a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (7-32) anaphthyloxycarbonyl group, (7-33) a lower alkynyloxycarbonyl group,(7-34) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (7-35) a quinoxalinylcarbonyl group,(7-36) a —CO—NR¹³R¹⁴ group, (7-37) a piperidinyl group optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(7-38) a cycloalkyl group, (7-39) a tetrahydropyranyl group, (7-40) alower alkoxy lower alkyl group, (7-41) a tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranylgroup, (7-42) a naphthyl group, (7-43) a biphenyl group, (7-44) a loweralkylsilyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group; A³ is a lower alkylene group; mis 0 or 1; R¹¹ and R¹² each independently represent one of the following(8-1) to (8-5): (8-1) a hydrogen atom, (8-2) a lower alkyl group, (8-3)a lower alkanoyl group, (8-4) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group, (8-5) aphenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or morehalogen atoms; or instead, R¹¹ and R¹² may be linked together to form,together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- or6-membered saturated heterocyclic group which optionally contains one ormore additional heteroatoms, the heterocyclic group optionally beingsubstituted with one to three members selected from the group consistingof the following (9-1) and (9-2): (9-1) lower alkyl groups, (9-2) aphenyl group; and R¹³ and R¹⁴ each independently represent one of thefollowing (10-1) to (10-3): (10-1) a hydrogen atom, (10-2) a lower alkylgroup, (10-3) a phenyl group, or instead R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be linkedtogether to form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group which optionallycontains one or more additional heteroatoms.
 32. A method for preventingand/or treating a disorder in which TFF up-regulation has a prophylacticand/or therapeutic effect, comprising administering to a patient aneffective amount of a carbostyril compound or salt thereof, wherein thecarbostyril compound is represented by General Formula (I)

or a salt thereof, wherein A is a direct bond, a lower alkylene group,or a lower alkylidene group; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; thebond between the 3 and 4 positions of the carbostyril skeleton is asingle bond or a double bond; R⁴ and R⁵ each represent a hydrogen atom,with the proviso that when the bond between the 3 and 4 positions of thecarbostyril skeleton is a double bond, R⁴ and R⁵ instead may be linkedtogether in the form of a —CH═CH—CH═CH— group; R¹ is one of thefollowing (1-1) to (1-29): (1-1) a hydrogen atom, (1-2) a lower alkylgroup, (1-3) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof a phenyl group, lower alkyl groups, lower alkoxy groups, halogenatoms, -(B)_(l)NR⁶R⁷ groups, a nitro group, a carboxy group, loweralkoxycarbonyl groups, a cyano group, phenyl lower alkoxy groups, aphenoxy group, a piperidinyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, amino loweralkoxycarbonyl groups optionally substituted with one or more cycloalkylgroups, 2-imidazolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the2-imidazoline ring with one or more lower alkylthio groups,3-pyrrolinylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted on the 3-pyrrolinering with one or more lower alkyl groups, thiazolidinylcarbonyl groupsoptionally substituted on the thiazolidine ring with a phenyl group,3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl groups, piperidinyl lower alkyl groups,anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the amino groupwith one or more lower alkyl groups, phenylthio lower alkyl groups,indolinyl lower alkyl groups, and piperidinylcarbonyl groups optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(1-4) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (1-5) a phenoxy lower alkyl group,(1-6) a naphthyl lower alkyl group, (1-7) a lower alkoxy lower alkylgroup, (1-8) a carboxy lower alkyl group, (1-9) a lower alkoxycarbonyllower alkyl group, (1-10) a pyridyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms; piperidinyl groups; a morpholinogroup; piperazinyl groups optionally substituted on the piperazine ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of a phenylgroup and lower alkyl group; thienyl groups; a phenyl group; pyridylgroups; piperidinyl lower alkyl groups; phenylthio lower alkyl groups;biphenyl groups; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms; pyridylamino groups; pyridylcarbonylamino groups;lower alkoxy groups; anilino lower alkyl groups optionally substitutedon the amino group with one or more lower alkyl groups; and anilinogroups optionally substituted on the amino group with one or more loweralkyl groups, (1-11) a cyano lower alkyl group, (1-12) an-A₁-CONR⁸R⁹group, (1-13) a group of the following formula

(1-14) a phenyl group, (1-15) a quinolyl lower alkyl group, (1-16) alower alkoxy lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (1-17) ahydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (1-18) a thiazolyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the thiazole ring with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, a phenylgroup, thienyl groups, and pyridyl groups, (1-19) a lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (1-20) a loweralkylsilyloxy lower alkyl group, (1-21) a phenoxy lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groups; halogenatoms; lower alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; a nitro group; and aphenyl group, (1-22) a phenylthio lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (1-23) apiperidinyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofphenyl lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, (1-24) a piperazinyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the piperazine ring with one ormore phenyl groups, (1-25) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl lower alkylgroup, (1-26) a naphthyloxy lower alkyl group, (1-27) abenzothiazolyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thebenzothiazole ring with one or more alkyl groups, (1-28) a lower alkylgroup substituted with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of quinolyloxy groups and isoquinolyloxy groups, (1-29) apyridyloxy lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; R² is one of the following (2-1) to(2-33): (2-1) a hydrogen atom, (2-2) a lower alkoxy group, (2-3) a loweralkyl group, (2-4) a carboxy lower alkoxy group, (2-5) a loweralkoxycarbonyl lower alkoxy group, (2-6) a hydroxy group, (2-7) a phenyllower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; a nitro group; lower alkylsulfonyl groups;lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; phenyl lower alkenyl groups; loweralkanoyloxy groups; and 1,2,3-thiadiazolylgroups, (2-8) a piperidinyllower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the piperidine ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, (2-9) an amino-substituted lower alkoxygroup optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (2-10)a lower alkenyloxy group, (2-11) a pyridyl lower alkoxy group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one ormore halogen atoms, (2-12) a lower alkynyloxy group, (2-13) a phenyllower alkynyloxy group, (2-14) a phenyl lower alkenyloxy group, (2-15) afuryl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the furan ring withone or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (2-16) a tetrazolyl loweralkoxy group optionally substituted on the tetrazole ring with onemember selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, phenyllower alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups, (2-17) a1,2,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (2-18) an isoxazolyl lower alkoxy group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(2-19) a 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted onthe 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with a phenyl group, the phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (2-20) a lower alkanoyl lower alkoxy group, (2-21) athiazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on the thiazole ringwith one or more members selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl substituent optionallybeing substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms,(2-22) a piperidinyloxy group optionally substituted on the piperidinering with one or more benzoyl groups, each benzoyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogenatoms, (2-23) a thienyl lower alkoxy group, (2-24) a phenylthio loweralkoxy group, (2-25) a carbamoyl-substituted lower alkoxy groupoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (2-26) abenzoyl lower alkoxy group, (2-27) a pyridylcarbonyl lower alkoxy group,(2-28) an imidazolyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups, (2-29) aphenoxy lower alkoxy group, (2-30) a phenyl lower alkoxy-substitutedlower alkoxy group, (2-31) a 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyloxy group, (2-32) anisoindolinyl lower alkoxy group optionally substituted on theisoindoline ring with one or more oxo groups, (2-33) a phenyl group; R³is one of the following (3-1) to (3-19): (3-1) a hydrogen atom, (3-2) alower alkyl group, (3-3) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (3-4)a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (3-5) a carboxy lower alkyl group, (3-6)a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, (3-7) a phenyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms; lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a phenylgroup; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; a phenoxy group; lower alkylthiogroups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; andamino groups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkanoylgroups, (3-8) a naphthyl lower alkyl group, (3-9) a furyl lower alkylgroup optionally substituted on the furan ring with one or more loweralkoxycarbonyl groups, (3-10) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the thiazole ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, eachphenyl substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more optionally halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, (3-11) atetrazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the tetrazolering with one or more lower alkyl groups, (3-12) a benzothienyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the benzothiophene ring with oneor more halogen atoms, (3-13) a lower alkynyl group, (3-14) a loweralkenyl group, (3-15) a phenyl lower alkenyl group, (3-16) abenzoimidazolyl lower alkyl group, (3-17) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,(3-18) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more phenyl lower alkyl groups, (3-19) aquinolyl lower alkyl group; B is a carbonyl group or an —NHCO— group; Iis 0 or 1; R⁶ and R⁷ eachindependently represent one of the following(4-1) to (4-79): (4-1) a hydrogen atom, (4-2) a lower alkyl group, (4-3)a lower alkanoyl group, (4-4) a lower alkylsulfonyl group optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-5) an alkoxycarbonylgroup optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-6) ahydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, (4-7) a pyridylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of pyrrolyl groups and halogen atoms,(4-8) a pyridyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkylgroups and lower alkoxy groups, (4-9) a pyridyl lower alkyl group,(4-10) a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a phenoxy group; lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups; lower alkylsulfonylgroups; amino groups optionally substituted with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and loweralkanoyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; piperidinyl groupsoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more loweralkyl groups; lower alkenyl groups; an aminosulfonyl group; a hydroxygroup; carbamoyl groups optionally substituted with one or more loweralkyl groups; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; and a cyano group, (4-11) acycloalkyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkyl ring with oneor more lower alkyl groups, (4-12) a benzoyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms; a phenoxy group; a phenyl group;lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkoxy groups; lower alkanoyl groups; a nitro group; acyano group; amino groups optionally substituted with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and loweralkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groups optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more oxo groups; pyrrolyl groups; pyrazolylgroups; 1,2,4-triazolyl groups; and imidazolyl groups, (4-13) a benzoylgroup substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkylenedioxy groups, (4-14) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (4-15) afurylcarbonyl group, (4-16) a naphthylcarbonyl group, (4-17) aphenoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxygroups, lower alkyl groups, halogen atoms, and a nitro group, (4-18) aphenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the phenylring with one or more members selected from the group consisting ofhalogen atoms and a nitro group, (4-19) a piperidinyl group optionallysubstituted on the piperidine ring with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups;benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms; and phenyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-20) a tetrahydropyranyllower alkyl group, (4-21) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (4-22) a loweralkenyl group, (4-23) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substitutedon the alkyl group with one or more lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; andoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and ahydroxy group, (4-24) a lower alkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl loweralkyl group, (4-25) a furyl lower alkyl group, (4-26) a carbamoyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted with one or more members selectedfrom lower alkyl groups and a phenyl group, each phenyl substituentoptionally being substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkyl groups, (4-27) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, (4-28) animidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the lower alkylgroup with one or more members selected from the group consisting of acarbamoyl group and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (4-29) anamino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally substituted with one ormore lower alkyl groups, (4-30) a 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuryl groupoptionally substituted on the 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran ring with one ormore oxo groups, (4-31) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, (4-32)a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thepyrrolidine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-33) a phenoxylower alkanoyl group, (4-34) a morpholino lower alkyl group, (4-35) aindolyl group, (4-36) a thiazolyl group, (4-37) a 1,2,4-triazolylgroup,(4-38) a pyridyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-39) a thienylcarbonyl group,(4-40) a thienyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-41) a cycloalkyl loweralkanoyl group, (4-42) an isoxazolylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(4-43) a pyrazylcarbonyl group, (4-44) a piperidinylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more membersselected from a benzoyl group and lower alkanoyl groups, (4-45) achromanylcarbonyl group, (4-46) an isoindolinyl lower alkanoyl groupoptionally substituted on the isoindoline ring with one or more oxogroups, (4-47) a thiazolidinyl lower alkanoyl group optionallysubstituted on the thiazolidine ring with one or more members selectedfrom an oxo group and a thioxo group, (4-48) a piperidinyl loweralkanoyl group, (4-49) a phenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-50) aphenyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more alkylenedioxy groups, (4-51) a pyridyl lower alkenylcarbonyl group, (4-52) a pyridylthio lower alkanoyl group, (4-53) anindolylcarbonyl group, (4-54) a pyrrolylcarbonyl group, (4-55) apyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one or more oxo groups, (4-56) a benzofurylcarbonyl group,(4-57) an indolyl lower alkanoyl group, (4-58) a benzothienylcarbonylgroup, (4-59) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted onthe phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (4-60) a phenylsulfonylgroup optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; acyano group; a nitro group; amino groups optionally substituted with oneor more alkanoyl groups; a hydroxy group; a carboxyl group; loweralkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; and lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (4-61) athienylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the thiophene ring withone or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atomsand lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (4-62) a quinolylsulfonyl group, (4-63)an imidazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the imidazole ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-64) a phenylsulfonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more loweralkylenedioxy groups, (4-65) a lower alkenylsulfonyl group, (4-66) acycloalkyl lower alkylsulfonyl group, (4-67) a3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazinylsulfonyl group optionally substituted onthe 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine ring with one or more lower alkylgroups, (4-68) a pyrazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on thepyrazole ring with one or more members selected from halogen atoms andlower alkyl groups, (4-69) an isoxazolylsulfonyl group optionallysubstituted on the isoxazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(4-70) a thiazolylsulfonyl group optionally substituted on the thiazolering with one or more members selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl groups and an amino group, each amino substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more alkanoyl groups, (4-71) a phenyllower alkylsulfonyl group, (4-72) a phenyl lower alkenylsulfonyl group,(4-73) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group, (4-74) a lower alkynyloxycarbonylgroup, (4-75) a lower alkenyloxycarbonyl group, (4-76) a phenyl loweralkoxy-substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl group, (4-77) acycloalkyloxycarbonyl group optionally substituted on the cycloalkylring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (4-78) a tetrazolyl group,(4-79) an isoxazolyl group optionally substituted on the isoxazole ringwith one or more lower alkyl groups; or instead, R⁶ and R⁷ may be linkedtogether to form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebound, a 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, an isoindolinyl group, ora 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group, the heterocyclic groupoptionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms and optionallybeing substituted with one to three members from the following (5-1) to(5-28): (5-1) lower alkyl groups, (5-2) lower alkoxy groups, (5-3) anoxo group, (5-4) a hydroxy group, (5-5) pyridyl lower alkyl groups,(5-6) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; a cyano group; and a hydroxy group, (5-7) loweralkylenedioxy-substituted phenyl lower alkyl groups, (5-8) phenyl loweralkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or morehalogen atoms, (5-9) pyrimidyl groups, (5-10) pyrazyl groups, (5-11)cycloalkyl groups, (5-12) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (5-13)benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore halogen atoms, (5-14) benzoyl groups substituted on the phenyl ringwith one or more lower alkylenedioxy groups, (5-15) carbamoyl loweralkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more members selectedfrom the group consisting of a phenyl group and lower alkyl groups,(5-16) benzoxazolyl groups, (5-17) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (5-18) acarbamoyl group, (5-19) phenyl lower alkylidene groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (5-20)phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (5-21) pyridyl groups optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of a cyano group and lower alkyl groups, (5-22)furyl lower alkyl groups, (5-23) tetrahydropyranyl groups, (5-24)imidazolyl lower alkyl groups, (5-25) naphthyl groups, (5-26)2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl groups, (5-27) 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl groups,(5-28) -(A₃)_(m)NR¹¹R¹² groups; A₁ is a lower alkylene group; R⁹ and R⁹each independently represent one of the following (6-1) to (6-25): (6-1)a hydrogen atom, (6-2) a lower alkyl group, (6-3) a phenyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkylthio groups;lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; halogen atoms; a phenyl group; lower alkylamino groups; a cyanogroup; a phenoxy group; cycloalkyl groups; pyrrolidinyl groupsoptionally substituted with one or more oxo groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylcarbonyl groups;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl groups optionally substituted withone or more lower alkyl groups; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinylcarbonylgroups optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups;thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups;a carbamoyl group; phenyl lower alkoxy groups; lower alkylsulfonylaminogroups; anilino groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; phenyl lower alkyl groups; and hydroxy-substituted lower alkylgroups, (6-4) a cycloalkyl group, (6-5) a cycloakyl lower alkyl group,(6-6) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group, (6-7) a phenyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups optionallysubstituted with one or more halogen atoms; lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; halogen atoms;and a phenyl group, (6-8) lower alkyl-substituted amino lower alkylgroup, (6-9) a naphthyl group, (6-10) a naphthyl lower alkyl group,(6-11) a tetrahydronaphthyl lower alkyl group, (6-12) a fluorenyl group,(6-13) a pyridyl group, (6-14) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, (6-15) apyrimidinyl group, (6-16) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(6-17) a thiazolyl group, (6-18) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the pyrazole ring with one or more lower alkylgroups, (6-19) a thienyl lower alkyl group (6-20) a piperidinyl groupoptionally substituted on the piperidine ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups; a benzoylgroup; and phenyl lower alkyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, (6-21) an indolyl group, (6-22)an indazolyl group, (6-23) a 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (6-24) a quinolyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, (6-25) acarbazolyl group optionally substituted with one or more lower alkylgroups; or R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together to form, together with thenitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- to 8-membered saturatedheterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additionalheteroatoms and optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with oneor more members selected from the group consisting of the following(6-28-1) to (6-28-24): (6-28-1) lower alkyl groups, (6-28-2) phenyllower alkyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one ormore members selected from halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groupsoptionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-3) naphthyllower alkyl groups, (6-28-4) phenyl lower alkylcarbamoyl lower alkylgroups, (6-28-5) phenylcarbamoyl lower alkyl groups, (6-28-6) phenyllower alkoxycarbonyl groups, (6-28-7) phenoxy lower alkyl groupsoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-8)biphenyl groups, (6-28-9) phenyl groups optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-10) 2,3-dihydroindenylgroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-11)benzothiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms, (6-28-12) pyridyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms, (6-28-13) benzothienyl groups, (6-28-14)benzoisothiazolyl groups, (6-28-15) thienopyridyl groups, (6-28-16) acarbamoyl group, (6-28-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-18)phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,(6-28-19) benzoyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more members selected from halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups,(6-28-20) anilino groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more lower alkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionallybeing substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (6-28-21) anilinogroups substituted on the amino group with one or more lower alkylgroups, and optionally further substituted on the phenyl ring with oneor more halogen atoms, (6-28-22) benzofuryl groups, (6-28-23) naphthylgroups, (6-28-24) an oxo group; or R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together toform, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a 5- or6-membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, the unsaturated heterocyclicgroup optionally being substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of the following(6-29-1) to (6-29-3): (6-29-1) phenyl groups optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (6-29-2) 2,3-dihydroindenyl groups, (6-29-3)benzothienyl groups; or instead, R⁸ and R⁹ may be linked together toform, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, a1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolyl group; a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolylgroup, a 1,3-dihydroisoindolyl group; anoctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinyl group optionally substituted on thepyrazine ring with one or more lower alkyl groups; or an8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group optionally substituted on the8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl group with one or more phenoxy groups, eachphenoxy substituent optionally being substituted on the phenyl ring withone or more halogen atoms; A₂ is a lower alkylene group; R¹⁰ is one ofthe following (7-1) to (7-44): (7-1) a hydrogen atom, (7-2) a loweralkyl group, (7-3) an alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted withone or more halogen atoms, (7-4) a benzoyl group optionally substitutedon the phenyl ring with one or more members selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or morehalogen atoms; a phenyl group; halogen atoms; a cyano group; a phenoxygroup; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; pyrazolyl groups; and lower alkoxygroups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (7-5) analkanoyl group, (7-6) a phenyl lower alkanoyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, (7-7) acycloalkyl lower alkanoyl group, (7-8) a phenyl group optionallysubstituted on the phenyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups,(7-9) a phenoxy lower alkanoyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms, (7-10) a phenyl loweralkenylcarbonyl group, (7-11) a pyridylcarbonyl group optionallysubstituted on the pyridine ring with one or more members selected fromthe group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups, each loweralkyl substituent optionally being substituted with one or more halogenatoms, (7-12) a furylcarbonyl group, (7-13) a thienylcarbonyl group,(7-14) a piperidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on thepiperidine ring with one or more lower alkanoyl groups, (7-15) apyrrolidinylcarbonyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrolidinering with one or more oxo groups, (7-16) a tetrahydropyranylcarbonylgroup, (7-17) a naphthylcarbonyl group, (7-18) an indolylcarbonyl group,(7-19) a benzofurylcarbonyl group, (7-20) a benzothienylcarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the benzothiophene ring with one or morehalogen atoms, (7-21) a furyl lower alkyl group, (7-22) a pyridyl loweralkyl group optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or moremembers selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and loweralkyl groups, each lower alkyl substituent optionally being substitutedwith one or more halogen atoms, (7-23) a thienyl lower alkyl groupoptionally substituted on the thiophene ring with one or more halogenatoms, (7-24) a phenyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more members selected from the group consistingof lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogenatoms; a cyano group; lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with oneor more halogen atoms; amino groups optionally substituted with one ormore members selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groupsand lower alkanoyl groups; halogen atoms; lower alkoxycarbonyl groups;lower alkanoyloxy groups; lower alkylsulfonyl groups; lower alkylthiogroups; and pyrrolidinyl groups, (7-25) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group,(7-26) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group optionally substituted on theimidazole ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, (7-27) a pyrrolyllower alkyl group optionally substituted on the pyrrole ring with one ormore lower alkyl groups, (7-28) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, (7-29) alower alkylthio lower alkyl group, (7-30) a phenoxycarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more membersselected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups,and lower alkoxy groups, (7-31) a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl groupoptionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogenatoms, (7-32) a naphthyloxycarbonyl group, (7-33) a loweralkynyloxycarbonyl group, (7-34) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (7-35) aquinoxalinylcarbonyl group, (7-36) a —CO—NR¹³R¹⁴ group, (7-37) apiperidinyl group optionally substituted on the piperidine ring with oneor more lower alkyl groups, (7-38) a cycloalkyl group, (7-39) atetrahydropyranyl group, (7-40) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, (7-41)a tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranyl group, (7-42) a naphthyl group, (7-43) abiphenyl group, (7-44) a lower alkylsilyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group; A³is a lower alkylene group; m is 0 or 1; R¹¹ and R¹² each independentlyrepresent one of the following (8-1) to (8-5): (8-1) a hydrogen atom,(8-2) a lower alkyl group, (8-3) a lower alkanoyl group, (8-4) a phenyllower alkanoyl group, (8-5) a phenyl group optionally substituted on thephenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms; or instead, R¹¹ and R¹² maybe linked together to form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are bound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group whichoptionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms, the heterocyclicgroup optionally being substituted with one to three members selectedfrom the group consisting of the following (9-1) and (9-2): (9-1) loweralkyl groups, (9-2) a phenyl group; and R¹³ and R¹⁴ each independentlyrepresent one of the following (10-1) to (10-3): (10-1) a hydrogen atom,(10-2) a lower alkyl group, (10-3) a phenyl group, or instead R¹³ andR¹⁴ may be linked together to form, together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are bound, a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic groupwhich optionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms.
 33. Aprophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for alimentary tract diseases,oral diseases, upper respiratory tract diseases, respiratory tractdiseases, eye diseases, cancers, or wounds, the agent comprising acompound that induces the production of TFF.
 34. A prophylactic and/ortherapeutic agent according to claim 33, wherein the TFF is TFF2. 35.(canceled)